CARALLUMA 



CARDOON 



661 



C. Sprengeri, N. E. Br. ; C. Simonis, Berger (Boucerosia 

 Simonis, Hort.); C. torta, N. E. Br. 



CARAMBOLA: Averrhoa. 



CARAWAY (Carum Carvi, Linn.). Umbelliferfe. 

 A biennial or annual herb grown for its seeds, which 

 are used in flavoring bread, cakes and cheese; also oc- 

 casionally for the young shoots and leaves, which are 

 eaten. It grows a foot or two high, has finely-cut, pin- 

 nately compound foliage, and small white flowers, in 

 umbels. It is of the easiest culture. The seed is usu- 

 ally sown in spring and the crop of seed taken the fol- 

 lowing year. It thrives in any garden soil. The plant 

 occasionally runs wild. See Carum. 



loose corymbs surrounded by large sterile fls. : calyx- 

 tube cupulate, adnate to the ovary; petals 5; stamens 

 numerous with filiform filaments and suborbicular 

 anthers; ovary inferior, incompletely 3-celled; styles 3, 

 short; sterile fls. with 3 large sepals: caps, loculicidal. 

 Three species in Japan and China. Tender plants, 

 thriving in any good garden soil; best in a partly 

 shaded and moist position. Prop, by greenwood cut- 

 tings under glass. 



alternifdlia, Sieb. & Zucc. One to 3 ft.: Ivs. broadly 

 elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, tapering into a very short 

 petiole, coarsely serrate, sparsely pilose, membrana- 

 ceous, 3-7 in. long: fls. pink, lilac or white. Summer. 

 S.Z. 66, 67. Gt. 14:486. ALFRED REHDER . 



CARBENIA : An incorrect or doubtful name for Cnicus, which see. CARDINAL FLOWER: Lobelia cardinalis. 



CARDAMINE (Greek name of a cress). Cruciferas. 

 Small mostly leafy-stemmed perennials (the annual 

 species apparently not cultivated), 

 growing in low rich land, blooming 

 in spring or early summer. 



Flowers sometimes large for size 

 of plant, white or purple; petals 

 obovate or spatulate: pods linear 

 and straight, more or less flat- 

 tened, the wingless seeds in 1 row, 

 valves usually separating elastic- 

 ally from the base: Ivs. simple or 

 pinnate or lyrate : root often tuber- 

 ous or rhizomatous. About 50 

 species, largely in boreal or alpine 

 regions. Of easy cult. Only C. 

 pratensis is much known among 

 growers. 



pratensis, Linn. CUCKOO 

 FLOWER. Fig. 792. Plant slender 

 and usually glabrous, 12-20 in., 

 somewhat branched : Ivs. pinnately 

 divided; Ifts. of root-lvs. small and 

 rounded (^iin. or less across), those 

 of the upper st.-lvs. oblong or even 

 linear and entire or somewhat 

 toothed: fls. l A\n. long, in a 

 corymb, white or rose-color, pretty. 

 Eu. and Amer., in the northern 

 parts. In the gardens it is chiefly 

 known in the double-fld. form, 

 which probably has been derived 

 from European rather than Ameri- 

 can sources. There are other forms 

 of it. It is an excellent little plant to grow in moist 

 places, particularly along creeks and about springs. It 

 is also useful in drier places, as in rockeries. 



trifdlia, Linn. Attractive spring bloomer, 6 in., creep- 

 ing: Ivs. ternate, the toothed parts or segms. irregularly 

 roundish: fls. snow-white, on a naked scape. S. Eu. 

 B.M. 452. 



angulata, Hook. Erect, 1-2 ft. high: Ivs. 3-5-f olio- 

 late, the Ifts. ovate or oblong, and the middle one 

 usually coarsely toothed: fls. rather large, white, 

 in short, few-fld. racemes. Mts. of Ore. and 

 Wash. Intro. 1881 by Gillett. 



L. H. B. 



CARDAMON: Amomum and Elettaria. 



CARDIANDRA (Greek, heart, and 

 man or stamen: alluding to the shape 

 of the anthers). Saxifragacese. Orna- 

 mental half-shrubby plants, rarely 

 cultivated for their white, lilac or pink 

 flowers. 



Suffruticose deciduous plants with 

 alternate rather large Ivs. and small 

 pink, lilac or white fls. in terminal 



792. Cardamine pra- 

 tensis. Root-leaves not 

 showing. 



CARDIOSPERMUM 



(Greek, heart-seed, from the 

 white heart-shaped spot on 

 the round black seed ; hence 

 the plant was thought a 

 cure for heart diseases). 

 Sapinddcese. Tendril-climb- 

 ing tropical herbs. 



Leaves alternate, biter- 

 nate; Ifts. coarsely serrate: 

 fls. small, white, polyga- 

 mous or dioecious, in 

 axillary racemes or 

 corymbs; sepals 

 and petals 4, in 

 pairs; stamens 8; 

 ovary 3-celled, fol- 

 lowed by a mem- 

 branous caps. 

 A dozen 

 species wide- 

 ly d i s t r i b- 

 uted. The 

 most popular is 

 the interesting 

 balloon- vine, 

 which is a rapid- 

 growing, woody 

 perennial, behav- 

 ing as an annual, 

 curious for its 

 inflated seed-ves- 

 sels. Fig. 793. 

 Prop, by seeds. 



Halicacabum, 

 Linn. Fig. 794. 

 BALLOON- VINE. 

 HEART-SEED . 

 HEART-PEA. 

 Height 10 ft. : sfr. and branches grooved: Ivs. glabrous, 

 oblong-acuminate, deeply dentate: balloons an inch or 

 more thick. Trop. India, Afr., and Amer. B.M. 1049. 

 A general favorite, especially with children. Grown 

 as a garden annual. 



hirsutum, Willd. Creeping or ascending perennial 

 vine with densely hairy grooved st. and Ivs. as in the 

 preceding, but usually hairy on the under surface: fls. 

 not showy: fr. pointed, hirsute; the globular choco- 

 late-brown seed is borne on the detaching parachute- 

 like dissepiment. Afr. A useful perennial in S. Calif, 

 for covering arbors; evergreen and blooming continu- 

 ously. N. TAYLOR.f 



CARDOON (Cynara Cardiincidiis, Linn.). A thistle- 

 like plant of southern Europe, cultivated for the thick 

 leaf -stalk and midrib. 



It is thought to be of the same species as the arti- 

 choke, and to have been developed from it by long culti- 

 vation and selection. See Cynara. The plant has been 



794. Ballooi>Vine Cardiospermum 

 Halicacabum. 



