CARLUDOVICA 



CARNATION 



665 



lobed calyx, 4 of them surrounding a pistillate fl. the 

 latter have a 4-sided ovary, 4 barren stamens, and 4- 

 lobed calyx: fr. a 4-sided, many-seeded berry. The car- 

 ludovicas are usually regarded and treated as stove 

 palms by gardeners. They are useful for decoration. 

 The family Cyclanthaceae is exclusively tropical Ameri- 

 can, of about 45 species and 6 genera (Stelestylis, 

 Carludovica, Sarcinanthus, Ludovia, Evodianthus, 

 Cyclanthus); it is often united with the Pandanaceae 

 or screw-pine family. 



The genus is an important economic one, as C. 

 palmata, and perhaps other species, are the source of 

 Panama hats. In making these, the leaves are cut 

 young, the stiff veins removed, after which the leaves 

 are slit into shreds, but not separated at the stalk end. 

 It is said that hats of superior quality are plaited from 

 a single leaf, without any joinings. U. S. Dept. Agric., 

 Fiber Investigations. Kept. 9:112 (1897). 



800. Carludovica palmata. 



Carludovica palmata is the species most frequently 

 met with under cultivation. Under favorable condi- 

 tions it grows to a height of about 8 feet. All of the 

 kinds need stove treatment during the winter months; 

 in summer they may be used for subtropical bedding 

 with good results. They have a certain palm-like ap- 

 pearance, but the leaves are of a softer texture than any 

 of the palms. They may be propagated by division, 

 choosing the early spring for the operation. C. palmata 

 seeds freely. The fruit, when ripe, has an ornamental 

 appearance for a short time after bursting open. The 

 seeds are very small, and should be carefully washed 

 free from the pulp, and sown on the surface of a pan of 

 finely chopped sphagnum moss. Germination takes 

 place in two weeks from sowing if kept in a brisk, moist 

 heat. The species are not particular as to soil but the 

 drainage must be perfect, as the plants require an 

 abundance of water when growing. (G. W. Oliver.) 



A. Lvs. S-5-lobed. 



palmata, Ruiz. & Pav. Fig. 800. No trunk: petioles 

 3-6 ft. long, glabrous, terete and unarmed; blades 

 4-lobed, the lobes again cut into narrow segms., dark 

 green, gracefully spreading, and drooping at the mar- 

 gin. Peru. R.H. 1861, p. 36. The common species, 

 and a very useful plant. 



rotundifolia, Wendl. Much like the last, but more 

 compact under cult., owing to the shorter petioles, but 

 growing much larger: petiole distinctly pubescent; 

 If.-blade large and orbicular, 3- or 4-lobed. Costa 

 Rica. B.M. 7083. 



elegans, Williams. Blades with 4 or 5 lobes, which 

 are very deeply cut into straight strap-like divisions. 

 Probably of horticultural origin. 



AA. Lvs. 2-lobed. 



atrdvirens, Wendl. Blades very deeply 2-lobed and 

 very deep, rich green (whence the name, dark green), 

 glabrous. Colombia. 



humilis, Poepp. & Endl. Dwarf: blades angular, 

 2-lobed at the summit, the segms. more or less jagged 

 but not divided, a foot or less broad. Colombia. R.H. 

 1869, p. 327. One of the best. 



Plftmerii, Kunth (C. palmsefolia, Sweet). Caudex 

 erect: blades with 2 lanceolate and plicate divisions, 

 bright green above and pale beneath: spadices pendu- 

 lous. Martinique. 



imperialis, Lind. & Andre 1 . Caudex short and pros- 

 trate: blades with 2 ovate-lanceolate entire segms., 

 with very prominent veins, the lobes about 5 in. wide 

 and shining green ; petiole purplish, canaliculate, tumid 

 at the base. Ecuador. I.H. 21 : 166 (by error 165). 



The following species are in cult, in this country but not as yet 

 known to the trade: C. funifera, Kunth. Stemless or sometimes 

 creeping and with a round, sparsely branched St.: Ivs. alternate 

 1-2 ft. S. Amer. C. incisa, Wendl. A much cut, low plant from 

 Cent. Amer. C. macropoda, Klotzsch. St. scarcely 1 ft. long: Ivs. 

 faintly 3-nerved, deeply 2-parted, 1 ty-2 ft. Colombia. C. micro- 

 ctphala, Hook. f. St. a few inches high: Ivs. numerous, 10-18 in. 

 long, split into 2 8-nerved segms. ; petiole slender, purplish at base. 

 Costa Rica. B.M. 7263. C. plicala, Klotzsch. St. short: Ivs. di- 

 vided into 2 1-nerved segms.; petioles channeled: spadix about 6 in. 

 long: the thick woody caudex may not rise more than 1 ft. 

 Colombia. C. scdndens, Cowell. St. creeping, often 25 ft. long: 

 Ivs. several at the summit, about 18 in. long. St. Kitts. 



N. TAYLOR, t 



CARMICHJELIA (Capt. Dugald Carmichael, Scotch 

 botanist, who wrote on the flora of the Cape and cer- 

 tain islands). Leguminbsse. Shrubs, leafless or usually 

 becoming so, either erect or depressed, with reddish or 

 purplish small fls., rarely cult. There are about 20 

 species in New Zeal., very difficult of delimitation. 

 Lvs. 1- or 3-5-foliolate, wanting or deciduous after the 

 bloom has passed: fls. in lateral racemes; calyx cup- 

 shaped or bell-shaped, 5-toothed; corolla papiliona- 

 ceous, the standard orbicular and usually reflexed, the 

 wings oblong and obtuse and somewhat falcate, the 

 keel oblong and "incurved and obtuse; upper stamen 

 free : pod small, leathery, oblong to orbicular. C. grandi- 

 fl6ra, Hook, f., is recently offered in S. Calif.: it is 

 much-branched, to 6 ft. high, with compressed and 

 grooved glabrous erect branches: Ivs. pinnately 3-5- 

 foliolate, appearing in spring and early summer and 

 then caducous, the Ifts. glabrous and obcordate-cuneate : 

 fls. about %in. long, in drooping racemes of 5-12, white 

 or lilac. C. odorata, Colenso, has pubescent drooping 

 branches, and much smaller fls. in 10-20-fld. racemes: 

 pod smaller (J^in. or less long) and longer-beaked. 



L. H. B. 



CARNATION (Didnthus Caryophyllus, Linn.). Cary- 

 ophyllacese. Choice and popular flower-garden and 

 greenhouse plants of the pink tribe; in North America 

 grown mostly under glass as florists' flowers. PL XXII. 

 The carnation is a half-hardy perennial, herbaceous, 

 suffrutescent at base: height 2 ft.: st. branching, with 

 tumid joints: Ivs. linear, glaucous, opposite: fls. termi- 



