CARROT 



CARYA 



675 



The variation in the different strains of carrot seed 

 is marked and it is important to secure seed from care- 

 fully selected roots true to shape and color. Carrot 

 seed may be produced in any location in which the crop 

 of roots is grown successfully. 



The carrot may be successfully forced under glass and 

 is grown in this way to a limited extent. The small early 

 varieties are used, such as French Forcing, Early Pari- 

 sian, Early Scarlet Horn and Golden Ball. These will 

 usually be grown as a catch-crop between tomatoes or 

 cucumbers. When grown in this way, the carrot is one 

 of the most delicious of all vegetables, and deserves 

 much wider popularity. See Forcing. 



The field cultivation of carrots for live-stock differs 

 little from the garden or horticultural treatment except 

 that earliness is not desired, and the longer-rooted later- 

 maturing kinds are mostly used ; and less intensive cul- 

 tivation is employed. See Vol. II, Cyclo. Amer. Agric., 

 P- 540. p. A. WAUGH and H. F. TOMPSON. 



CARTHAMUS (Arabic name, alluding to a color 

 yielded by the flowers). Compdsitse. Hardy annuals. 



Plant 2-3 ft. high, with spiny Ivs.: involucre with 

 spreading and leafy outer scales and the inner ones more 

 or less spiny; receptacle chaffy; corolla 5-fid, nearly 



CARYA (Karya, Greek name for the walnut tree). 

 Syn., Hicdria. Juglandaceae. HICKORY. Trees grown 

 for their handsome foliage and strong habit, and some 

 species for their edible nuts. 



Deciduous: branches with solid pith: Ivs. alter- 

 nate, without stipules, with 3-17 serrate Ifts.: fls. 

 monoecious, apetalous, appearing with the Ivs.; stami- 

 nate fls. in axillary, slender, pendulous catkins, each 

 fl. with 3-10 stamens, borne in the axil of a 3-lobed 

 bract; pistillate fls. in a terminal, 2-10-fld. cluster or 

 spike, consisting of a 1-celled ovary inclosed by a 4- 

 lobed involucre: fr. globular to oblong, with a husk 

 separating into 4 valves and a bony nut, incompletely 

 2-4-celled. About 18 species of hickory, all in E. N. 

 Amer. from Canada to Mex.; the Chinese species 

 recently described by Dode from nuts only is probably 

 not a Carya. See Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 7, pp. 28-42, pis. 

 1-23, and Rep. of U. S. Dept. Agric., Div. Pomol., 

 Nut-Culture (1896), cited below as U. S. N. C. (the 

 first number referring to the plate, the second and third 

 to the figure). By some, Hicoria is considered to have 

 priority, but Carya is retained as one of the "nomina 



822. Garden carrots of the shorthorn type. 



regular, smooth, expanded above the tube: achenes 

 glabrous, mostly 4-ribbed, the pappus none or scale-like. 

 A genus of 20 species, from the Canary Isls. to Cent. 

 Asia. Of easiest cult., from seed. 



tinctdrius, Linn. (Cdrduus tinctbrim, Falk.). SAP- 

 FLOWER. FALSE SAFFRON. One to 3 ft. high, glabrous, 

 branched: Ivs. ovate, spiny- toothed, almost as broad as 

 long: fl.-heads with upward-tapering involucre, and a 

 globular crown of orange florets. Asia. Florets used 

 like saffron; they have diaphoretic properties and have 

 also been used for dyeing, especially silks; and in making 

 rouge. N. TAYLOR.! 



CARUELIA: Ornithogalum. 



CARUM (probably from Caria, in Asia Minor). 

 Umbelliferse,. Glabrous annual or perennial herbs, some 

 of which yield aromatic and edible garden products. 



Leaves pinnate: fls. white or pinkish, small, in com- 

 pound umbels with involucres and involucels, the calyx- 

 teeth small: fr. ovate or oblong, more or less ribbed, 

 glabrous, or sometimes hispid : root usually tuberous or 

 filiform. Twenty or more species, widely distributed 

 in temperate regions. The genus is variously defined 

 and understood. C. Petroselinum, the parsley, is here 

 kept under the genus Petroselinum. 



Carvi, Linn. CARAWAY (which see). St. slender but 

 erect, furrowed, 1-2 ft.: Ivs. pinnately decompound, 

 with thread-like divisions. Old World. Sometimes 

 runs wild. 



Gairdneri, Gray. St. solitary, 1-^4 ft. : Ivs. pinnate or 

 the upper ones simple, with 3-7 linear Ifts., the upper 

 Ifts. usually entire, but the lower ones often divided: 

 fr. with long style. Dry hills, in Calif, and Nev. and 

 to Brit. Col. Intro, in 1881, by Gillett, as an ornamental 

 plant. Roots tuberous and fusiform. L t jj_ j} t 



CARtJMBIUM: Homalanthus. 



conservanda" of the Vienna code of nomenclature, 

 because of its long-established usage. 



The hickories are hardy ornamental, usually tall 

 trees with rather large, deciduous odd-pinnate leaves, 

 small greenish flowers, the staminate ones in conspicu- 

 ous pendulous racemes, and with rather large green 

 dehiscent fruits inclosing a mostly edible nut. The 

 hickories are among the most beautiful and most useful 

 trees of the American forest, and are all very ornamental 

 park trees, with a straight, sometimes high and slender 

 trunk and a large, graceful, pyramidal or oblong head 

 of usually light green foliage, turning from yellow to 

 orange or orange-brown hi fall. They are hardy North 

 except C. Pecan, C. aquatica and C. myristicssformis, but 

 C. Pecan thrives Tardy in Massachusetts in sheltered 

 positions. Most of the species have heavy hard strong 

 and tough wood, much valued for many purposes, 

 especially for handles of tools, manufacture of carriages 

 and wagons, also for making baskets and for fuel. The 

 nuts of some species, as C. Pecan and C. ovata, also C. 

 laciniosa and some varieties of C. glabra and C. alba, are 

 edible, and are sold in large quantities, mostly gathered 

 from the woods, though in later years orchards of 

 improved varieties have been planted. A large number 

 of insects prey upon the hickory, attacking the wood, 

 foliage and fruit, for which see the Fifth Ann. Rep. of 

 the U. S. Entom. Com., pp. 285-329. There are also 

 some fungi sometimes causing an early defoliation of 

 the trees. 



The hickories generally thrive best in rich moist soil, 

 but some, especially C. glabra, C. alba and C. ovata, 

 grow equally well in drier localities. They are of rather 

 slow growth, and difficult to transplant if taken from 

 the woods; therefore the seeds are often planted where 



