678 



CARYA 



CARYOPHYLLUS 



1^2-2 in. long; nut light brown, globular to oblong, 

 slightly compressed, angled, narrowed toward the apex, 

 thick-shelled; kernel small, sweet. Mass, to Ont. and 

 Neb., south to Fla. and Texas. S.S. 7:350-1. U.S.N. 

 C. 12, 1-3. Em. 222. 



cc. Bark shaggy, light gray: branches and 

 petioles glabrous or pubescent: husk 

 very thick, separating to the base: 

 outer bud-scales persisting through the 

 winter. 



9. lacinidsa, Engler & Graebn. (Hicoria 

 laciniosa, Sarg. H. acumindta, Dipp. C. 

 sulcdla, Nutt.). BIG or BOTTOM SHELL- 

 BARK HICKORY. KING- NUT. Tall tree, 

 occasionally to 120 ft. : branchlets orange- 

 red: Ifts. 7-9, oblong-lanceolate, acumi- 

 nate, serrate, pubescent when young, usu- 

 ally glabrous at length, 4-8 in. long: fr. 

 generally oblong, l%-2% in. long; nut 

 yellowish white, oblong, but sometimes as 

 broad as long, slightly compressed and 

 obscurely 4-angled, pointed at both ends; 

 kernel sweet. N. Y. to Iowa, south to 

 Tenn. and Okla. S.S. 7:348-9. U.S. 

 N.C. 11. 



828. Twig of 10- ovata, Koch (Hicoria ovata, Brit. C. 

 C.ovalis. alba, Nutt.). SHAGB ARK HICKORY. Also 

 LITTLE SHELLBARK HICKORY, although 

 the latter name by some is applied to the preceding. 

 Figs. 830, 831. Tree, occasionally to 120 ft.: Ifts. gen- 

 erally 5, sessile, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acumi- 

 nate, serrate, densely fimbriate, pubescent and glan- 

 dular when young, glabrous at length, 4-6 in. long: 

 fr. subglobose, about 1>-2H in. long; nut white, 

 oblong to broadly obovate, 4-angled; kernel sweet. 

 From Que. to Minn., south to Fla. and Texas. S.S. 

 7:346-7. Em. 217. U.S.N.C. 10. A.G. 11:386, 6, 9; 

 387, 3; 388, 11. Gng.7:51. A.F. 14:339 Next to 

 Pecan the best as a fruit tree, especially for northern 

 states, where the 

 pecan is not quite 

 hardy. Several 

 named varieties 

 are in trade, of 

 which probably 

 var. Halesii, 

 Hort., with large, 

 thin-shelled nut, 

 is the best known. 

 An ornamental, 

 often very pictur- 

 esque tree; the 

 stout branches 

 forming a rather 

 broad, usually 

 somewhat open, 

 head. Var. Nut- 

 tallii, Sarg. (C. 

 microcdrpa, Nutt. 

 in part). Fr. 

 smaller; nut 

 rounded, usu- 

 ally obcordate, 

 much com- 

 pressed and 

 prominently 

 angled, about 

 J^in. across. 

 Mass, to Pa. 

 and Mo. Nut- 

 tall, Silv. N. 

 Am. 1 : 13. Var. 

 fraxinifdlia, 



Sarg. Lfts. 829. Habit of the small-fruited pignut, 

 lanceolate or Carya ovalis. 



nearly pblanceolate, the terminal one 5-6 in. long and 

 l%-2 in. wide: fr. generally smaller, ovoid, pointed, 

 13^ in. long; nut long-pointed. W. N. Y. 



C. arkansana, Sarg. Allied to C. glabra. Tree, to 70 ft.: bark 

 dark gray, scaly: branchlets pubescent: Ifts. 5-7, lanceolate, densely 

 pubescent when unfolding, glabrous at maturity, 4-7 in. long: fr. 

 ovoid or obovoid; husk usually splitting to the middle; nut slightly 

 obovoid; shell very thick and hard; kernel sweet, small. Ark. and 

 Okla. S.T.S. 2:181. C. Buckleyi, Durand (C. texana, Buckl., not 

 DC.). Allied to C. alba. Tree, to 50 ft., with dark, furrowed bark: 

 Ifts. 7, lanceolate or oblanceolate, pubescent on the veins below, 3-6 

 in. long: fr. subglobose or ovoid, 1 J^ in. across; husk thin, splitting 

 to the base; nut reddish brown, veined; shell hard; kernel sweet. 

 Texas to Okla. and Ark. S.T.S. 2:182. C. carolinx- 

 septentriondlis, Engler & Graebn. (Hicoria carolina3-sep- 

 tentrionalis, Ashe). Allied to C. ovata. Branchlets 

 slender: Ifts. 3-5, lanceolate, glabrous: fr. smaller; nut 

 thin-shelled. N. C. to Ga. S.S. 14:720. C.floridana, 

 Sarg. Allied to C. cordiformis. Buds valvate, brown- 

 ish yellow: Ifts. usually 5, elliptic-oblong to lanceolate, 

 densely scaly beneath, 2-3 ^ in. long: fr. obovoid, about 

 1 in. long, husk tardily splitting to the base; nut obovoid 

 or subglobose. Fla. S.T.S. 2:177. C. megacdrpa, Sarg. 

 Closely related to C. glabra. Bark close: buds larger: 



831. Fruit of Carya ovata, the shagbant hickory. 

 830. Twig of The cross-section is to show structure, not to show 

 Carya ovata. a good horticultural fruit. (Natural size.) 



Ifta. to 8 in. long: fr. broadly obovoid, to 1 Y-> in. long; husk thick, 

 tardily dehiscent to the middle; nut obovoid; kernel small, sweet. 

 N.Y. to Mo. and Fla. S.T.S. 2:180. C. mexicana, Engelm. Tree, 

 with shaggy bark and tomentose-pubescent Ivs. : f r. depressed, with 

 rather thick husk and broad, sharply 4-angled, white nut. Mex. The 

 only species not native to the U. S. C. texana, DC. (Hicoria texana, 

 Le Conte). Similar to C. Pecan, but Ifts. broader, less falcate, 

 almost sessile: nut smaller, much darker, with somewhat rough 

 surface; kernel bitter. Texas. S. S. 14:719. C. texana, Buckl.= 



C. Buckleyi. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



CARYOCAR (from the Greek word for nut). Caryo- 

 cardcese; formerly included in Ternstroemidcese, and 

 by some referred to Rhizoboldcege. Trees, or rarely 

 shrubs, of about 10 species in Trop. Amer., one of 

 which is well known for its large edible nuts. Lvs. 

 opposite, digitately 3-5-f oliolat e, leathery, often serrate : 

 fls. bractless, in terminal racemes; calyx deeply 5-6- 

 parted, the lobes prbiculate and strongly imbricate; 

 petals 5-6, imbricate; stamens many, somewhat 

 joined at the base; ovary 4-6-celled: fr. drupaceous, 

 with a hard stone or stones and very large seeds. C. 

 nuciferum, Linn., produces the souari-nut or butternut 

 of the American tropics. Although native of Guiana, 

 it is cult, in some of the W. Indies isls. : tree, attaining 

 100 ft. or more, producing durable timber used chiefly 

 in ship-building: Ivs. trifoliolate, the Ifts. elliptic-lan- 

 ceolate, glabrous: fls. large, purple, the stamens white 

 and very numerous: fr. several inches in diam., nearly 

 globular or becoming misshapen by abortion of the 

 contents, containing 2-4 hard-shelled nuts the size of a 

 hen's egg, and which are flat-kidney-shaped, warty and 

 reddish brown; kernel or meat white, with a nutty or 

 almond-like flavor, and yielding oil when subjected to 

 pressure. B.M. 2727, 2728. The nuts now and then 

 appear in northern markets. The closely allied C. vil- 

 losum, Pers., of Guiana and Brazil, is reported as a 

 notable timber tree; and the oily pulp surrounding 

 the seed is eaten boiled and the kernel of the seed is 

 eaten raw. L. H. B. 



CARYOPHYLLUS, the clove tree, is now referred to Eugenia. 



