CARYOPTERIS 



CARYOPTERIS (Greek for nut and wing). Ver- 

 bendcex. Ornamental woody plants grown for their 

 lavender-blue flowers profusely produced in autumn. 



Deciduous small shrubs: Ivs. opposite, short-petioled, 

 serrate: fls. in axillary cymes; calyx campanulate, 

 deeply 5-lobed with lanceolate teeth, spreading and 

 somewhat enlarged in fr.; corolla 5-lobed, with short 

 cylindric tube and spreading limb, 1 segm. larger and 

 fringed; stamens 4, exserted, 2 of them longer; style 

 slender, 2-parted at the apex: fr. separating into 4 

 somewhat winged nutlets. About 6 species in E. Asia. 



These are glabrous, pubescent or tomentose shrubs 

 with small blue or violet late flowers. Free-flowering 

 and very valuable f9r their late blooming season; not 

 hardy North; even if well protected they will be killed 

 almost to the ground, but the young shoots, springing 

 up freely, will flower profusely the same season. They 

 require well-drained and sandy soil and sunny position; 

 if grown in pots, a sandy compost of peat and leaf soil 

 or loam will suit them, and they will flower in the 

 greenhouse until midwinter. Propagated readily by 

 cuttings of half-ripened wood in summer or fall under 

 glass, and by seeds sown in spring. 



incana, Miq. (C. Mastacdnthus, Schauer. C. sinensis, 

 Dipp.). Fig. 832. Suffruticose, 1-5 ft.: Ivs. petioled, 

 ovate or oblong, coarsely serrate, pubescent above, 

 grayish tomentose beneath, 2-3 in. long: cymes pedun- 

 cled, dense-fld.; fls. small, violet-blue or lavender-blue. 

 Aug.-Nov. China, Japan. B.R. 32:2. B.M. 6799. 

 R.H. 1892:324. R.B. 19:273. G.C. II. 21:149; III. 

 42:409. Mn. 5:5. S.H. 2, p. 89. G.W. 6, p. 197. Gn. 

 24, p. 523; 76, p. 24. G.M. 43:7. Known in the nurs- 

 ery trade as "blue spirea." Var. Candida, Schneid. 

 has white fls. 



CASIMIROA 



679 



exhausted. Seeds are offered by most dealers. The 

 young plants should be grown in a warm, moist atmos- 

 phere, the soil consisting of loam with about one-third 

 of its bulk leaf-mold and sand in equal parts. They 

 sometimes lose their roots if kept too cool and wet in 

 winter. Prop, is by seeds and suckers. (G. W. Oliver.) 



mitis, Lour. (C. soboiifera, Wall. C. furfuracea, 

 Blume). Caudex 15-25 ft. high, 4-5 in. diam., sobo- 

 liferous: petioles, If .-sheaths and spathes scurf y-villous: 

 Ivs. 4-9 ft.; pinnae very obliquely cuneiform, irregularly 

 dentate, upper margins acute; pinnules 4-7 in. long. 

 Burma to Malaya. 



ftrens, Linn. WINE-PALM. TODDY-PALM. Caudex 

 stout, even in cult, specimens 60-80 ft. high and 18 in. 

 thick, much higher in the wild, not sobolif erous : Ivs. 

 18-20 by 10-12 ft.; pinnae 5-6 ft., curved and drooping, 

 very obliquely truncate, acutely serrate, the upper 



C. mongdlica, Bunge. Lvs. lanceolate, almost entire: cymes with 

 fewer but larger fls. R.H. 1872:450. ALFRED REHDEE. 



CARYOTA (old Greek name). Palmacese, 

 tribe Arecese. FISH-TAIL PALM. Spineless 

 monocarpic palms, with tall stout ringed 

 trunks, at length bearing suckers. 



Leaves disposed in an elongated terminal 

 fringe, ample, twice pinnately divided; segms. 

 dimidiate-flabelliform, or cuneate, entire, or 

 split, irregularly dentate, plicate, folded back 

 in the bud; rnidnerves and primary nerves 

 flabellate; petiole terete below; sheath keeled on the 

 back, fibrous along the margins: ligule short: spadices 

 usually alternately male and female: peduncle short, 

 thick: branches long, pendent: spathes 3-5, not entire, 

 tubular; bractlets broad: fls. rather large, green or 

 purple: fr. the size of a cherry, globular, purple. 

 Species, 9. Malaya, New Guinea, Austral. G.C. II. 

 22:748. 



These palms are remarkable for the delta-shaped or 

 fish-tail-shaped leaflets, which make the graceful, 

 spreading fronds very attractive. They are excellent 

 warmhouse palms, very useful for decoration, particu- 

 larly when young. They are frequently planted out in 

 protected places for the summer. C. wens, the wine- 

 palm of India, yields, when full grown, about twenty- 

 four pints of wine in twenty-four hours. The beverage 

 is very wholesome and a valuable article of commerce. 

 There being so many different genera to choose from 

 in selecting plants for moderate-sized conservatories, 

 the members of this genus are not very popular for 

 providing small specimens. In a high, roomy structure, 

 however, they are among the most ornamental of the 

 tribe. They are quick-growing, with large broad leaves, 

 finely cut up, the small divisions resembling the tail of 

 a fish; hence the name "fish-tail palm." After reaching 

 maturity the plant begins flowering at the top, and 

 continues downward until the vitality of the stem is 

 exhausted. Suckers are freely produced by some spe- 

 cies, but these, as a rule, do not become so robust as 

 the parent stem, owing probably to the soil becoming 



832. Caryopteris I margm produced and cau- 

 incana. date; pinnules 4_g j n . ; petiole 



very stout. India, Malaya. 

 A.F. 12:295. Gng. 5:131. 

 A.G. 21:533. 



Rumphiana, Mart. Lvs. 2-pinnate, several feet long, 

 the pinnules thick, sessile, 6 in. long or nearly so, 

 oblong. Malaya. Var. Albertii, Hort. (C. Albertii, 

 Muell.), is in the trade. It is large and free-growing, 

 the Ivs. being 16-18 ft. long and two-thirds as broad; 

 If .-segms. fan-shaped and oblique, toothed. 



C. Blancdi, Hort., from the Philippines, has been listed in the 

 American trade. It is probably a form of C. urens. 



JARED G. SMITH. 



CASAREEP: Blighia. 

 CASCARILLA: Croton. 

 CASHEW: Anacardium occidentals. 



CASIMIROA (named in honor of Cardinal Casimiro 

 Gomez de Ortega, Spanish botanist of the eighteenth 

 century). Rutacese. Evergreen trees, one of which is 

 grown for the edible fruits. 



Leaves alternate, long-petioled, digitate, 3-7-folio- 

 late; Ifts. petiolulate, lanceolate, entire or slightly ser- 

 rate, smooth or pubescent beneath: fls. regular, poly- 



