682 



CASTANOPSIS 



A. Nuts 2 or more in one involucre and more or less com- 



pressed, usually broader than high. 



B. Branchlets glabrous or at first with close white tomen- 



tum: Ivs. usually glabrous at maturity, often with 

 close white tomentum while young. 

 C. Lvs. glabrous or nearly glabrous even while young. 



dentata, Borkh. (C. americana, Raf.). Fig. 833. Tree, 

 occasionally 100 ft.: Ivs. cuneate at the base, oblong- 

 lanceolate, acuminate, coarsely serrate, nearly glabrous 

 when young, 6-10 in. long and somewhat pendulous: 

 fls. of heavy fragrance, in June or July: nuts about Hin. 

 wide. S. Maine to Mich., south to Ala. and Miss. S.S. 

 9:440-1. Em. 187. G.F. 10:373. F.E. 14, p, 30; 29, 

 p. 895. The tallest, most vigorous -growing and hard- 

 iest species. The nuts, though smaller, have a better 

 flavor than the European varieties. Lvs. said to have 

 sedative properties; used in whooping-cough; bark 

 astringent, tonic, febrifuge. 



cc. Lvs. stellate-tomentose beneath while young. 

 sativa, Mill. (C. vesca, Gaertn. C. Castdnea, Karst. 



C. vulgdris, Lam.). Fig. 834. Tree, 50-80 ft.: Ivs. 

 oblong-lanceolate, often truncate or rounded at the 

 base, coarsely serrate, slightly pubescent or tomentose 

 beneath when young, nearly glabrous at length, 5-9 in. 

 long, erect: nut over 1 in. wide. June. From S. Eu. and 

 N. Afr. to China. Gn. 27, p. 292; 50, p. 389. Gng. 

 3:209. G.W. 8, p. 350, 385. There are some garden 

 forms with variegated Ivs., and others, of which var. 

 asplenifolia, Lodd., with laciniately cut and divided Ivs. 

 is the most remarkable. Of several varieties cult, for 

 their fr., Paragon, a precocious kind, and Numbo, a 

 variety with very large fr., are the most extensively 

 planted in this country. See Chestnut. 



crenata, Sieb. & Zucc. (C. japonica, Blume. C. 

 sativa var. pubinervis, Makino). Fig. 835. Shrub or 

 tree, to 30 ft. : Ivs. elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, usually 

 rounded at the base, acuminate, crenately serrate, or 

 the teeth reduced to a long, bristle-like point, slightly 

 pubescent when young, glabrous at length or only 

 pubescent on the veins beneath, 3-7 in. long, erect: 

 nut over 1 in. wide. Japan, China. S. I. F. 1 : 34. 

 Shrubby and very precocious; it usually begins to 

 fruit when about six years old. Hardy as far north 

 as Mass. 



835. - 



Japanese Chestnut 

 Castanea crenata. 



BB. Branchlets pubescent, with 

 spreading hairs: Ivs. soft- 

 pubescent beneath, at least 

 those toward the end of the 

 shoots. 



mollissima, Blume,. Tree, to 

 40 ft.: Ivs. oval-oblong to ob- 

 long-lanceolate, acuminate or 

 short - acuminate, rounded or 

 truncate at the base, 3^-6 in. 

 long, coarsely serrate, glabrous 

 above, white - tomentose or 

 nearly green, but soft-pubescent 

 beneath, at least on the veins; 

 petioles pubescent, with spread- 

 ing hairs: nut about 1 in. wide; 

 spines of the husk pubescent. 

 N. and W. China. Has proved 

 perfectly hardy at the Arnold 

 Arboretum and is to be recom- 

 mended for its hardiness and 

 large nuts. 



AA. Nuts solitary, round, higher 



than thick. 



p&mila, Mill. CHINQUAPIN. 

 Shrub or small tree, rarely 50 

 ft.: Ivs. cuneate, elliptic-oblong 

 or oblong-obovate, acute, serrate, 

 teeth often reduced to bristle- 

 like points, white - tomentose 

 beneath, 3-5 in. long: fr. ovate, 

 small, about %in. wide and %~1 

 in. long. May, June. From Pa. 

 to N. Fla. and Texas. S.S. 9: 

 442-3. Useful for planting on 

 dry and rocky slopes; attractive 

 when in fl., and again in fall 

 with its abundant light green 



burs among the dark foliage. The closely allied C. 



alnifolia, Nutt., in the southern states, grows only a 



few feet high, and has larger Ivs. and fr. 



Vilmoriniana, Dode. Tree, to 80 ft. : branchlets gla- 

 brous: Ivs. oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, long-acumi- 

 nate, usually rounded at the base, the teeth mostly 

 reduced to slender bristles, quite glabrous even while 

 young, 4-7 in. long: fr. globose-ovate, about Y^m.. thick 

 and slightly longer. Cent. China. A valuable timber 

 tree. Recently intro. by the Arnold Arboretum. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



CASTANEA of commerce: The nuts of Bertholletia. 



CASTANOPSIS (Castanea and opsis, chestnut-like). 

 Fagdcese. Ornamental trees or shrubs sometimes culti- 

 vated for their handsome evergreen foliage. 



Closely allied to Castanea, but pistillate fls. usually 

 on separate catkins, sometimes solitary; ovary 3-celled. 

 fr. ripening the second year: involucre sometimes 

 tuberculate; winter-buds with many scales; terminal 

 bud present: Ivs. evergreen, entire or dentate. About 

 25 species, chiefly in the tropical and subtropical 

 mountains of Asia, and 1 in W. N. Amer., which is the 

 hardiest, and is sometimes cult.; also several Chinese 

 species have been recently intro. into cult., but their 

 names have not yet been determined. For prop, see 

 Castanea. 



chrysophylla, DC. (Castanea chrysophylla, Hook.). 

 Fig. 836 (adapted from Pacific R. R. Rep.). Tree, to 

 150 ft., shrubby at high elevations: Ivs. ovate-oblong or 

 oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, entire, dark 

 green above, coated with minute golden yellow scales 

 beneath, 2-6 in. long: nut about ^in. wide, usually 

 solitary in the spiny involucre. Summer. Ore. to 

 Calif. S.S. 9: 439. B.M.4953. G.C. III. 22: 411; 36:145. 

 Gn. 76, p. 634. F.S. 12:1184. R.B. 7:240. A highly 



834. Castanea sativa. 

 (Xjfl 



