CASTANOPSIS 



CASUAJRINA 



683 



ornamental tree with beautiful foliage, hardy only in 

 the warmer temperate regions, but the shrubby form is 

 much hardier. ALFRED REHDER. 



CASTANOSPERMUM (chestnut seed, because of 

 the taste of the seeds). Leguminosse. A genus of 2 

 species, one of which is a tall Australian tree, with odd- 

 pinnate Ivs., the Ifts. broad, thick, entire: fls. large, 

 yellow-orange, in lateral or axillary loose racemes 

 which are usually about 5 in. long; petals 4; stamens 

 free; ovary long-stipitate, many-ovuled: pod 8-9 in. 

 long with 4-5 seeds larger than Italian chestnuts, globu- 

 lar. C. australe, Cunn., is the species known locally 



836. Castanopsis chrysophylla. ( X %) 



as "Moreton Bay chestnut." The seeds are roasted and 

 eaten. Intro, in S. Calif., but not common. The other 

 species is New Caledonian, and apparently not in cult. 



CASTDLLEJA (a Spanish botanist, D. Castillejo). 

 Scrophulariaceas. PAINTED-CUP. Herbs with showy 

 bracts in a terminal head or spike, sometimes cultivated. 



Flowers small, solitary, in terminal gaudy-bracted 

 spikes; corolla tubular, sometimes flattened laterally, 

 2-lipped; lower lip smaller, more or less 3-toothed; 

 stamens 4: Ivs. alternate, entire or cut Upwards of 

 30 species in U. S. and Mex., and 1 in N. Asia. Cas- 

 tillejas are little known in gardens. They are more or 

 less root-parasitic. 



cpccinea, Spreng. Biennial or annual, 1-2 ft., hairy: 

 radical Ivs. clustered, ovate or oblong, mostly entire; 

 st.-lvs. laciniate or cleft, and the middle lobe of the 

 bright scarlet bracts dilated : corolla pale yellow, about 

 the length of the calyx. Low grounds and grassy places, 

 Canada, south. 



indivisa, Engelm. Annual, 1-2 ft.: Ivs. lance-linear 

 and entire (or sometimes 2-3-lobed) : bracts not lacini- 

 ate, bright red and showy. Texas. Blooms early in 

 spring. 



affinis, Hook & Arn. Perennial, 1-2 ft.: Ivs. narrow- 

 lanceolate, entire or the upper ones toothed at apex: 

 fl.-bracts becoming short and broad, red: spike lax 

 below. Calif., in moist soils. Intro. 1891 by Orcutt. 



44 



folioldsa, Hook. & Arn. White- woolly perennial, 

 1-2 ft., the base woody: Ivs. small (1 in. or less long), 

 narrow-linear, crowded or fascicled: bracts 3-parted; 

 spike dense. Calif., in dry soils. Intro. 1891 by Orcutt. 



Integra, Gray. Perennial, 1 ft. or less, tomentose: Ivs. 

 grayish, linear, 3 in. or less long, entire: bracts of the 

 short spike linear-oblong or obovate-oblong, entire or 

 sometimes incised, red or rose. Texas to Ariz, and Colo. 

 Has been offered in Germany. L. H B 



CASTILLOA (for Castillejo, the Spanish botan- 

 ist). Moracese. Laticiferous trees, of which C. elastica 

 Cerv., is one of the important rubber-producing plants. 

 There are 2 or 3 species, in Cuba and Cent. Amer. Lvs. 

 alternate, short-petioled, often large, entire or toothed: 

 plant monoecious, the sexes borne in the same cluster: 

 sterile fl. with no perianth, stamens numerous ana 

 crowded, with scales intermixed; fertile fls. with 4- 

 lobed perianth, including the short-styled ovary: fr. a 

 crustaceous pericarp containing a pendulous seed. 

 The cult, of C. elastica for rubber is described in Cyclo. 

 Amer. Agric., Vol. II, p. 557. 



CASTOR BEAN, CASTOR-OIL PLANT: Ricinua. 



CASUARINA (said to be derived from Cosuarius, the 

 Cassowary, from resemblance of the branches to the 

 feathers). Casuarinaceae. BEEFWOOD. SHE-OAK. Odd 

 slender-branched leafless trees and shrubs grown in 

 warm regions and rarely seen under glass. They are thin- 

 topped trees of striking appearance. 



Casuarinas are usually classified near the walnut 

 and hickory tribes, although very unlike them or 

 other known plants in botanical characters. They are 

 jointed and leafless plants, somewhat suggesting 

 equisetums in gross appearance. Flowers are unisexual; 

 staminate in cylindrical terminal spikes, each fl. con- 

 sisting of a stamen inclosed in 4 scales, 2 of the scales 

 being attached to the filament; pistillate fls. in dense 

 heads borne in the axils, and ripening into globular or 

 oblong cones, composed of 1-ovuled 

 ovaries subtended by bracts: fr. a 

 winged nutlet. About 25 species 

 in Austral., New Caledonia and 

 E. Indies. The species fall into 

 2 groups, those having cylind- 

 rical and verticillate branches, and 

 those having 4-angled and only 

 imperfectly verticillate branches. 

 The species bear small toothed 

 sheaths at the joints. 



Beefwood is planted in the ex- 

 treme South for its very odd 

 habit, and also to hold sands of 

 the seacoast. The wood burns 

 quickly, and is very hard and dur- 

 able. The redness of the wood 

 has given the popular name, beef- 

 wood. The species are remark- 

 able for rapid growth. They grow 

 well in brackish and alkaline soils. 

 Propagated by seeds and by 

 cuttings of partly ripened wood. 



equisetif&lia, Linn. Fig. 837. 

 Tree, becoming 150 ft. high in 

 favorable climates, and a most 

 rapid grower: branches drooping, 

 pale green, simple, terete or nearly 

 so, the internodes very short (less than M m -)> sheath- 

 teeth 7 (6-8) lanceolate and appressed : staminate cone 

 nearly terete; pistillate cone short-ped uncled, ellip- 

 soidal, about H-in. diam. Widely distributed in the 

 farther Old World tropics, and the best-known species in 

 this country (in S. Fla. and Calif, and south). Gn. M. 

 7:21. L.B.C. 7:607. The wood is valuable for many 

 purposes. The casuarinas are known as "oak" in Austral. 



837. Casuarina 

 equisetifolia. (XYz) 



