CAULIFLOWER 



CEANOTHUS 



695 



leave the last row with the stem end upward, over which 

 a cushion of excelsior and a burlap cover are placed. 

 Ventilated barrels are ordinarily used for this purpose, 

 but for long-distance shipment the smaller crates hold- 

 ing a single layer of heads have proved most advan- 

 tageous. 



During late years, the marketing of this crop has been 

 very greatly facilitated and the returns to the growers 

 considerably enhanced by a cooperative method of 

 sale which has taken into consideration a more ex- 

 tended distribution of the crop than formerly. In this 

 the Long Island Cauliflower-Growers' Association and 

 the California Vegetable-Growers' Union have both 

 been very helpful. 



One of the handicaps in the cultivation of cauliflower 

 has been the entire dependence of the American 

 growers on foreign seed, little or no cauliflower seed 

 having been produced in this country and that in the 

 open only in the Puget Sound region. The seed has 

 been expensive and not always to be depended upon. 

 The greatest care should be given to securing a per- 

 fectly reliable stock of seed. 



Broccoli. 



Broccoli, which is a long-season cauliflower, is in all 

 respects like cauliflower except that its vegetative parts 

 are somewhat coarser, the heads somewhat smaller, and 

 it does not form an edible curd early in its life as does 

 cauliflower. 



Broccoli is cultivated only in climates having a mild 

 winter, when it can be planted the summer before and 

 carried through the winter to form heads early the fol- 

 lowing spring. It is a popular plant in all parts of 

 France and particularly in England. It is undoubtedly 

 the parent type of the cauliflower, the cultivated varie- 

 ties of cauliflower being short-season forms. 



For best results, the seed should be sown at the same 

 time as that of autumn cabbage and the plants trans- 

 planted to the field about the same time, so that they 

 will make their vegetative growth during the late sum- 

 mer and autumn. Where winters are mild, the plants 

 can be left in the open, but in more rigorous climates 

 at the approach of cold weather, a small number of 

 plants can be lifted with earth adhering to the roots, 

 stored in a suitable root-cellar, and the following spring 

 transferred to the open to form heads. 



L. C. CORBETT. 



CAULOPHYXLUM (Greek, stem-leaf). Berberi- 

 ddcex. BLUE COHOSH. Two species of perennial herbs 

 (sometimes combined with Leontice), one in E. Amer. 

 and the other in Asia, the former sometimes removed 

 from the woods to cult, grounds. Rhizomatous: sts. 

 erect, very smooth: If. 1, large, triternately compound 

 and sessile: fls. small, yellow-green, panicled; sepals 6, 

 subtended by 3 or 4 bracts; petals 6, much smaller than 

 the sepals and appearing like glands or scales; stamens 

 6; ovary soon bursting, freeing the 2 ovules which 

 develop into depressed-globular berry-like seeds (with- 

 out pericarp). C. thalictrioides, Michx., Fig. 846, is 

 the American species, a smooth or glaucous plant of 

 rich woods from Canada south, 2-2^ ft. high. The 

 plant is always attractive because of its trim growth 

 and interesting habit; in Sept. and later, when the foli- 

 age is dead, the drupe-like seeds stand erect on the dry 

 stalks and afford one of the richest and best of deep 

 blues - L. H. B. 



CAUTLEA (Sir P. Cautley, 1802-1871, British natu- 

 ralist). Zingiberacex. About a half-dozen Himalayan 

 species closely allied to Roscoea, differing in the 

 spherical rather than narrow fr., and the spicate infl. 

 Probably not in cult, in this country. C. liitea, Royle 

 (Roscbea liitea, Royle. R. grdcilis, Smith). Erect or 

 leafy perennial herb, \ l /% ft. or less: Ivs. narrow-lanceo- 

 late, slender-tipped, reddish underneath: fls. 2 in. or 

 less long; corolla yellow; calyx reddish purple, the linear 



segms. prominent, the lateral ones spreading or reflexed 

 and the dorsal one erect and with an incurved erect 

 staminode under it. Treatment of Alpinia and 

 Roscoea. 



CAVAN: Acacia Cavenia, 

 CAYENNE PEPPER: Capsicum. 

 CAYRATIA JAPONICA: Cissus japonica. 



CEANOTHUS (ancient Greek name). Rhamnacex. 

 Ornamental woody plants grown for their profusely 

 produced white, blue or 

 pink flower-clusters. 



Deciduous or evergreen 

 shrubs or trees: Ivs. alter- 

 nate or sometimes opposite, 

 short-petioled, serrate or 

 entire, usually 3 - nerved, 

 with small stipules: fls. per- 

 fect, small, 5-merous, in 

 small umbels forming pani- 

 cles or racemes; sepals often 

 incurved, colored; petals 

 clawed, spreading or re- 

 curved; filaments slender; 

 disk annular; ovary partly 

 adnate to the calyx -tube, 

 3-celled; style 3-cleft: fr. a 

 3-celled drupe, dry at length 

 and separating into 3 one- 

 seeded dehiscent nutlets. 

 Nearly 50 species in N. 

 Amer., chiefly in the Pacific 

 coast region. 



These are free-flowering 

 shrubs, some especially 

 valuable for their late 

 flowering period. Many of 

 them are hardy only in the 

 warmer temperate regions, 

 but C. americanus, C. ovatus, 

 and C. Fendleri are hardy 

 North, while the numerous 

 hybrids of C. americanus 

 are only half hardy, and 

 even if protected they are 

 killed to the ground in the 

 North, but the young shoots 

 will usually flower the same season. The safest way, 

 however, to have good free-flowering plants of these 

 beautiful hybrids will be, in the North, to dig them up 

 in fall, store them away in a frost-proof pit or cellar, and 

 plant them out again in spring. Pruning of the late- 

 flowering species will be of advantage; about one-half 

 of last year's growth may be taken away. They grow 

 in almost any soil, but best in a light and well-drained 

 one, and most of the Californian species prefer a sunny 

 position. Propagated by seeds sown in spring and by 

 cuttings of mature wood in autumn, inserted in a cold- 

 frame or greenhouse; softwood cuttings also grow 

 readily if taken in early spring from forced plants. 

 Sometimes increased by layers, and the varieties and 

 hybrids by grafting on roots of C. americanus under 

 glass in early spring; the cions must be fresh and with 

 leaves, taken from plants kept in the greenhouse 

 during the winter. 



846. Seed -berries of blue 



cohosh, Caulophyllum thalictri- 

 oides. (X 1 A) 



albo-plenus, 4. 

 americanus, 1. 

 arboreus, 7. 

 Arnouldii, 4. 

 atrocxruleus, 4. 

 azureus, 8. 

 bicolor, 8. 

 cxruleus, 8. 

 cuneatus, 14. 

 divaricatus, 12. 



INDEX. 



Fendleri, 10. 

 hirsutus, 9. 

 hybridus, 4. 

 integerrimus, 11. 

 intermedius, 1. 

 Lobbianus, 5. 

 Orcuttii, 9. 

 oreganus, 3. 

 oralis, 2. 



ovatus, 2. 

 pallidus, 4. 

 prostratus, 15. 

 rosetts, 4. 

 sanguineus, 3. 

 spinosus, 13. 

 thyrsiflorus, 5. 

 Veitchianus, 5. 

 velutinus, 6, 7. 



