CELTIS 



CENTAUREA 



711 



cent on the veins beneath, semi-persistent: ovary 

 tomentose: fr. mostly pubescent, slender pedicelled. 

 S. Afr. to Abyssinia. Sim, Forest Fl. Cape Colony, 134. 

 Hardy only S. 



C. Bidndii, Pampanini. Lvs. broader than in C. Bungeana, 

 grayish below: frs. dark blue, small. Cent. China. C. Caucasian, 

 Willd. Allied to C. australis. Lvs. broadly rhombic-ovate, somewhat 

 smaller: fr. smaller, reddish brown. Caucasus, N. Persia. C.David- 

 iana, Carr. Allied to C. Bungeana. Small tree: Ivs. ovate-oblong or 

 elliptic-oblong, often sparsely hairy on the veins below, 2-5 in. 

 long. N. China. Incompletely known. C. georgiana, Small. Allied 

 to C. occidentalis. Shrub or small tree: branchlets pubescent' Ivs. 

 ovate, acute, entire or sharply serrate, 1-2 in. long: fr. Min. across, 

 short-stalked. Md. to Fla., Ala. and Mo. C. orienMis, Linn.= 

 Trema orientalis. C. orienMis, Mi!l.= C. Tournefortii. C. reticu- 

 lata, Torr. (C. mississipiensis var. reticulata, Sarg.). Small tree, to 

 50 ft.: branchlets pubescent. Ivs. ovate, usually cordate, entire or 

 serrate, rough above, pubescent and reticulate below, 1 J^-3 in. long: 

 fr. J^in. thick, orange-red. Colo, to Texas and Ariz. C. Smallii, 

 Beadle. Allied to C. mississippiensis. Lvs. lanceolate or oblong- 

 lanceolate, thin, sharply serrate, 2-4 in. long: fr. l /iva.. thick, slender- 

 stalked. N. C. and Tenn. to Ga. and Ala. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



CEMETERY GARDENING. Treated under Landscape Gar- 

 dening. 



CENCHRUS (an ancient Greek name). Graminex. 

 Mostly annual grasses with simple racemes of burs that 

 become detached and adhere readily to clothing and 

 animals. Spikelets as in Panicum, but 2-6 together in a 

 epiny involucre or bur. C. carolinianus, Walt. (C. trib- 

 uloides of American authors), SAND-BUR, is a common 

 weed in sandy soil. Dept. Agric. Div. Agrost. 20:40. 



A. S. HITCHCOCK. 



CENIA (Greek for empty, in allusion to the hollow 

 receptacle). Compdsitse. Low herbs from S. Afr., with 

 the aspect of mayweed. Head small and rayed, the 

 ray-fls. pistillate, the disk-fls. compressed and 4-toothed, 

 the receptacle gradually enlarged from the top of the 

 peduncle, and hollow. About 8 species, none of which 

 are of much horticultural value. C. turbinata, Pers. 

 (C. pruinosa, DC.), is a common weed in Cape Colony, 

 and it is occasionally seen in American gardens. It is 

 annual, diffusely branched, and a foot or less high, with 

 finely dissected, soft, almost moss-like foliage, and 

 long-peduncled, small, yellow heads. Of easy cult. 

 United with Cotula by Hoffmann in Engler & Prantl. 



L. H. B. 



CENTAUREA (a Centaur, famous for healing). Com- 



gositse. CENTAURY. DUSTY MILLER. BACHELOR'S 

 UTTON. CORNFLOWER. KNAPWEED. Annuals or 

 hardy and half-hardy perennials with alternate leaves, 

 useful for bedding, vases, baskets and pots, and for 

 borders and edgings; species many and various. 



Involucre ovoid or globose, stiff and hard, some- 

 times prickly: receptacle bristly: marginal florets 

 usually sterile and elongated, making the head look as 

 if rayed. Differs from Cnicus in having the achenes 

 obliquely attached by one side of the base or more 

 laterally. Species about 500, much confused, mostly 

 in Eu., Asia and N. Afr., 1 in. N. Amer., 3 or 4 in Chile. 

 Several Old World species have become weeds in this 

 country. J.H. 43:76. The species are of simple cult., 

 coming readily from seeds. Many of the perennial 

 species make excellent border plants, and their blue 

 and purple heads are welcome additions to the horde 

 of yellow-no wering composites. 



INDEX. 



A. DUSTY MILLER. White-tomentose low plants, used 

 for bedding or for the sake of their foliage. 



1. Cineraria, Linn. (C. candidissima, Lam.). Fig. 869. 

 Perennial: sts. erect, 3 ft., branched, the entire plant 

 white-tomentose: Ivs. almost all bipinnate (except the 

 earliest), the lower petioled, all the lobes linear-lanceo- 

 late, obtuse: scales of the ovate involucre appressed, 

 with a membranous black margin, long-ciliate, the api- 

 cal bristle thicker than the others: fls. purple. S. Italy, 

 Sicily, etc. Much used as a bedding plant, not being 

 allowed to bloom. The first Ivs. of seedlings are nearly 

 entire (as shown in Fig. 869), but the subsequent ones 

 become more and more cut. Grown both from seeds 

 and cuttings. Seedlings are very 



apt to damp off unless care is 

 taken in watering. 



2. depressa, Bieb. A flat, 

 almost prostrate perennial: st. 

 floccose - tomentose and much 

 branched: lower Ivs. scarcely 

 denticulate, the upper oblong- 

 linear, entire : bracts of the invo- 

 lucre white- or black-margined: 

 fls. showy, the blue rays about 

 K m - long. Persia, Caucasus. 

 July. 



3. gymno- 

 carpa, Moris 

 & DeNot (C. 

 argentea, Hort. 

 C. plumosa, 

 Hort.). Fig. 

 870. Perennial: 

 entire plant 

 covered with 

 velvety white 

 pubescence : 

 sts. 1^-2 ft. 

 high, erect: Ivs. 

 bipinnatisect; 

 segms. linear, 

 entire, acute: 

 fl. -heads small, 

 in a close pani- 

 cle, mostly 

 hidden by the 

 Ivs. ; fls. rose- 

 violet or pur- 

 ple. Caprea. 

 V. 4:337. 

 Very ornamen- 

 tal on account of its velvety finely cut Ivs. Much 

 used, like No. 1, for low foliage bedding: Ivs. more 

 compound, and usually not so white. 



4. Clementei, Boiss. Perennial, the entire plant 

 densely whi te- woolly : sts. erect, branching, with few 

 Ivs.: root-lvs. petioled, pinnate, the lobes ovate-trian- 

 gular, sharp-pointed; st.-lvs. sessile: fl. -heads terminal 

 on the branches, globose; involucre scales with scarious, 

 ciliate margins, scarcely spiny; fls. yellow. Spain. 



AA. CORNFLOWER, OR BACHELOR'S BUTTON. Tall- 

 growing annual, with very narrow Ivs., grown for 

 the showy fls. 



5. Cyanus, Linn. (Cyanus arvenis, Moench.) BLUE- 

 BOTTLE. BLUET. BACHELOR'S BUTTON (see also Gom- 

 phrena). CORNFLOWER. RAGGED SAILOR. FRENCH 

 PINK. Fig. 871. Annual, slender, branching, 1 7 2 ft. 

 high, woolly-white when young: lys. linear, entire or 

 the lower toothed, sometimes pinnatifid: fls. blue, 

 purple, pink or white, the heads on long, naked sts. : 

 involucral bracts rather narrow, fringed with short, 

 scarious teeth. S. E. Eu. Gt. 38, p. 641; 39, p. 537. 

 V. 5, p. 44; 13 : 361. One of the most popular of garden 

 fls., variable. It is perfectly hardy, blooming until frost 



869. Lower leaf 

 from a young plant 

 of Centaurea Cin- 

 eraria. 



870. Radical leaf of 



Centaurea gymnocarpa. 



(XH) 



