CEPHALARIA 



CEPHALOTAXUS 



715 



and decurrent: fl.-heads sulfur-yellow; involucre with 

 8 aristate teeth. S. Eu. A good coarse plant for sum- 

 mer bloom. Hardy N. 



leucantha, Schrad. Perennial: Ivs. pinnate-parted, 

 the lobes linear or oblong: fls. in subglobose heads, 

 creamy white, in autumn. S. Eu. Variable. 



transylvanica, Schrad. Annual, slender, 2-3 ft. : lower 

 Ivs. lyrate; the segms. serrate and the terminal one 

 large; upper Ivs. pinnate-parted into linear-lanceolate 

 divisions: fls. in globular heads on long peduncles, the 

 ray-corollas bluish and disk-corollas whitish (fls. said 

 to be yellow, in trade lists, to bloom June-Aug. and 

 plant perennial). Greece and eastward. 



tatarica, Schrad. Perennial, 6 ft., rank, with striate 

 sts., suited to the rear border, where strong effects are 

 desired, with showy cream-white, flat heads in July 

 and Aug.: Ivs. pinnate, the Ifts. broad-lanceolate and 

 serrate. Russia, Asia Minor and E. Grows readily, 

 and is increased by seed or dividing the clumps. 



L. H. B. 



CEPHALOCEREUS (referring to the crown of long 

 hair). Syn. Pilocereus. Cactaceas. Mostly large columnar 

 plants, single or branched, usually characterized by an 

 abundance of wool or long white hair developing at the 

 top or on one side near the top: fls. nocturnal, small, 

 thick, fleshy, naked: fr. small, globular berry, naked: 

 seeds black. Some 16 or more species are known. 



The culture of the species is similar to that of the 

 arborescent species of Cereus. The species of Cepha- 

 locereus are well suited only for large collections and 

 are rarely seen elsewhere, except in the case of C. 

 senilis, of which enormous quantities are shipped to 

 Europe by commercial dealers. See Succulents. 



senilis, Pfeiff. (Pilocereus senllis,_ Lem.). OLD MAN 

 CACTUS. Columnar, reaching a height of 35 ft. and a 

 diam. of 1 ft., branching at the very base, the branches 

 becoming parallel with the parent: ribs 20-30, very 

 little elevated; areoles bearing 20-30 white, wavy 

 bristles 2-5 in. long; later appear also, at first 1, then 

 3-5 strong, yellowish spines: fls. very numerous in the 

 cephalium, nearly 4 in. long, red outside, reddish white 

 within: fr. violet, 2 in. long. Cent. Mex. R.H. 1889, p. 

 568; 1890, p. 128. 



Sartorianus, Brit. & Rose (Pilocereus Houlletii, of 

 authors, not of Lem.). Tree-like, attaining 40 ft. in 

 height: branches divaricate: cult, plants usually 3-4 in. 

 diam.: ribs 6^-8, rounded, glaucous: radial spines 7-9, 

 spreading, ^ m - long, honey yellow; central twice as 

 long and stronger: areoles of the sterile st. with more or 

 less hairs, which in the fruiting area are very numerous, 

 making a shaggy tract sometimes 1 ft. long: fls. 3 in. 

 long, imbedded in the wool, turbinate, greenish-red 

 outside, rose-red within: fr. dark red, depressed-glo- 

 bose. Mex. R.H. 1862, pp. 427-30. 



Royenii, Brit. & Rose (Pilocereus Royenii, Riimpl. 

 P. floccosus, Lem.). Columnar, branching, reaching 15 

 ft. height, 2-3 in. diam. : ribs 9-10, obtuse, bluish, pruin- 

 ose: spines 12-16, rigid, divaricate, bright amber-yel- 

 low, the inner ones larger, nearly an inch long: on the 

 sterile branches long hairs are found on areoles, on the 

 fertile bract these are more numerous and aggregated: 

 fls. and fr. as in the last species, but lighter in color. 

 Isl. of St. Croix. 



Hoppenstedtii, Schum. (Pilocereus Hoppenstedtii, 

 Web.). Columnar, simple, slender, reaching a height of 

 30 ft.: ribs numerous, more than 16: radial spines 

 14-18, very short; centrals 5-8, the lower longest one 

 reaching 3 in.; all the spines at first yellowish, then 

 white: cephalium of 1-2 in. long tufts of yellowish hairs, 

 forming a narrow bract on the north side of the plant: 

 fls. 3 in. long, bell-shaped, whitish, with rosy tips. 

 Mex. 



polyldphus, Brit. & Rose (Pilocereus polylophus, 

 Salm-Dyck. Cereus Nickelsii, Hort.). Columnar, 



46 



attaining a height of 50 ft. and a diam. of 1^ ft., 

 rarely branching: ribs 10-^22, sharp-angled, shallow, 

 the old sts. perfectly cylindrical: spines small and 

 bristle-like, less than J^in. long; radials 5-6; central 

 usually 1; spines of the flowering area 2-3 in. long, 

 crowded: fls. large, trumpet-shaped, dark red: fr. red, 

 scaly. Mex. 



scoparius, Brit. & Rose (Pilocereus scoparius, 

 Poselg.). Tree-like, richly branched, 25 ft. high, 1 ft. 

 diam.: radial spines 12-15, very short; centrals 7-8, 

 not much longer; in the flowering branches the spines 

 change to longer stout bristles and the areoles are 

 closer together, forming a bristly cephalium: fls. small, 

 bell-shaped, reddish: fr. size of a hazelnut. Near Vera 

 Cruz, Mex. 



exerens, Rose (Pilocereus exerens, Schum. P. 

 virens, Lem.). Branching at base, 3-4 ft. high, 2-3 in. 

 diam., tapering above: ribs 4-6, obtuse, the sterile 

 shoots with short, sparse, woolly hairs at the top: spines 

 commonly 7 : radials, very short, 1-3 : centrals 4 times as 

 long; woolly hairs much more abundant on the bloom- 

 ing plant: fls. about 3 in. long, trumpet-bell-shaped, 

 without wool or spines. Brazil. Not common, if 

 occurring at all, in cult, in U. S. 



The following species have been reported or may be expected in 

 cult., but none is as yet at all common. C. chrysoc&nthus, Brit. & 

 Rose; C. cometes, Brit. & Rose; C. lanugindsus, Brit. & Rose; C. 

 Russellianus, Rose (Cereus Russellianus, Riimpl.). C. ndbliis, Brit. 



& Rose - J. N. ROSE. 



CEPHALOSTACHYUM (Greek, head and spike). 

 Graminese. A few species of grasses of the bamboo tribe 

 in E. Indies and Madagascar, one of which (C. per- 

 gracile) has been offered in this country. Tall shrubs: 

 spikelets in dense solitary heads at the ends of the 

 branches or in scattered glomerules, the heads bristly 

 with the subtending Ivs.; stamens 6; empty glumes 

 1-2; style long, 2-3-cleft: fr. elongated and beaked. 

 C. pergracile, Munro. Forty ft., sts. 2-3 in. thick: Ivs. 

 14 in. or less long: an elegant species, growing in clumps. 

 Burma. It is offered in S. Calif. In Fla., it loses most 

 of its Ivs. in winter, but the new growth in spring and 

 summer is very attractive; it is said not to do well there 

 on high dry pine land, preferring moderately moist 

 soil; it needs much water in summer, and responds 

 readily to fertilizer. . L H. B. 



CEPHALOTAXUS (Greek, head; Taxus-like plant, 

 with fls. in heads or clusters). Taxacese. Yew-like 

 plants, grown for their handsome evergreen foliage. 



Trees or shrubs, with evergreen linear pointed Ivs. 

 with 2 broad, glaucous lines beneath, arranged in 2 

 rows: fls. dioecious, staminate in 1-8-fld., short-stalked 

 clusters, pistillate consisting of a small cone with sev- 

 eral bracts, each bearing 2 naked ovules: seed inclosed 

 in a fleshy envelope, drupe-like, about 1 in. long, reddish 

 or greenish brown. From allied genera it may be easily 

 distinguished by th'e resin-canal in the center of the 

 pith; and by the glaucous lines beneath from Taxus, 

 which has the Ivs. yellowish green beneath; and from 

 Torreya by the glaucous lines being broader than the 3 

 green lines, while in Torreya the glaucous lines are 

 narrower than the green ones. Six closely allied spe- 

 cies from Himalayas to Japan. 



These are ornamental evergreen shrubs, in appear- 

 ance very like a yew, but of more graceful habit. Not 

 hardy North, or only in very sheltered positions. They 

 thrive best in a somewhat moist but well-drained sandy 

 loam, and in partly shaded situations. Propagated by 

 seeds, stratified and sown in spring; imported seeds 

 usually do not germinate until the second year; in- 

 creased also by cuttings in August, under glass, and by 

 veneer-grafting in summer, on one of the species or on 

 Taxus baccata. For cions and cuttings, terminal shoots 

 should be chosen, which form regular plants with 

 whorled branches like seedlings, while cuttings from lat- 

 eral branches grow into irregular, low, spreading shrubs. 



