730 



CHAM^CYPARIS 



CHAM^ECYPARIS 



CHAM-^EC^PARIS (chamai, dwarf, and kuparissos, 

 cypress; referring to its affinity). Pinacese. Trees or 

 shrubs grown for their handsome evergreen foliage; 

 also valuable timber trees; RETINOSPORAS, in part. 



Evergreen, with opposite scale-like Ivs. in 4 rows, 

 densely clothing the compressed branchlets: fis. monoe- 

 cious, small; pistillate inconspicuous, globose; stamina te 

 yellow or red, oblong, often conspicuous by their 

 abundance: cones small, globular, with 6-11 bracts, 

 each bearing 2, or rarely 5, winged seeds, ripening the 

 first season. Closely allied to Cupressus, which differs 

 in its larger cones maturing the second year, the bracts 

 containing 4 or more seeds, and in its quadrangular 

 branches and minutely denticulate Ivs. -Six species 

 in N. Amer. and E. Asia, all very valuable timber trees 

 in their native countries. Highly ornamental ever- 

 green trees of pyramidal habit, of which only C. 

 thyoides is fully hardy N., while the Japanese species 



891. Chamsecyparis pisifera. 



are hardy in sheltered positions north to New Eng- 

 land, and C. Lawsoniana only from Mass, south; the 

 horticultural varieties are often shrubby. 



They grow best in somewhat moist but well-drained, 

 sandy loam and in a partly shaded position, sheltered 

 against dry winds. C. Lawsoniana and C. obtusa like 

 more dry, the others more moist situations, and C. 

 thyoides grows well even in swamps. Propagated by 

 seeds sown in spring; increased also by cuttings from 

 mature wood in fall, inserted in a sandy soil and kept 

 in a coolframe or greenhouse during the winter; if 

 in early spring gentle bottom heat can be given, it 

 will hasten the development of roots considerably. All 

 the so-called retinosporas and the dwarfer forms, and 

 most of the varieties of C. Lawsoniana, are readily 

 increased in this way, while the other forms of C. noot- 

 katensis, C. obtusa and C. thyoides do not grow well 

 from cuttings; therefore for most varieties veneer- 

 grafting on seedling stock during the winter in green- 



house is preferred, but dwarf forms always should be 

 grown from cuttings, as they often lose their dwarf 

 habit if grafted. The so-called retinosporas of the gar- 

 dens, with linear, spreading leaves, are juvenile forms, 

 which have retained the foliage of the seedling state. 

 There are similar forms in Thuja. For their distin- 

 guishing characters, see Retinospora. For the numer- 

 ous gardens forms, see Beissner, Handb. der Nadel- 

 holzk., 2d ed., pp. 528-574, quoted below as Beissner. 



A. Lvs. green on both sides or paler beneath. 



thyoides, Brit. (C. sphasroidea, Spach. Cupressus 

 thyoides, Linn.). WHITE CEDAR. Tree, to 70 or 80 

 ft., with erect -spreading branches: branchlets irregu- 

 larly arranged, spreading, not pendulous, very thin 

 and slender, flattened: Ivs. closely imbricate, glaucous 

 or light green, with a conspicuous gland on the back, 

 fragrant: cones small, %in. diam., bluish purple, with 

 glaucous bloom. From Maine to Fla.,.west to Miss. 

 S.S. 10:529. M.D.G. 1896:301 (habit). Beissner 529 

 (habit). Var. ericoides, Sudworth (C. ericoldes, Carr. 

 Retinospora ericoides, Hort.). Compact shrub, of erect, 

 dense habit: Ivs. linear-lanceolate, spreading, with 2 

 glaucous lines beneath, coloring in winter usually red- 

 dish brown. Beissner 532; see also Retinospora. Var. 

 andelyensis, Silva-Tarouca (C. sphasroidea andelyensis, 

 Carr. C. leptoclada, Hochst. Retinospora leptoclada, 

 Hort., not Zucc.). Intermediate form between the 

 former and the type; bluish green, and of erect growth, 

 with loosely appressed, lanceolate Ivs.; often some 

 branchlets with Ivs. of the type and some with Ivs. of 

 the var. ericoides. R.H. 1869, p. 32, and 1880, p. 36. 

 M.D.G. 1890:329. R.B. 2:155. Beissner 532; see also 

 Retinospora. Var. glauca, Sudworth (C. sphasroidea 

 glauca, Endl. Var. kewensis, Hort.). Of compact habit, 

 very glaucous, with silvery hue. Var. variegata, Sud- 

 worth (Cupressus thyoides variegata, Loud.). Branchlets 

 partially colored golden yellow. 



nootkatensis, Sudworth (Cupressus nootkatensis, 

 Lambert. C. nutkaensis, Spach. Thuyopsis boredlis, 

 Hort.). YELLOW CEDAR. Tree, to 120 ft., with ascend- 

 ing branches, pendulous at the extremities: branchlets 

 distichously arranged, slightly flattened or nearly 

 quadrangular, pendulous: Ivs. densely imbricate, 

 usually dark green, acute, mostly without glands: 

 cones subglobose, nearly ^in. diam., dark red-brown, 

 with glaucous bloom. From Sitka to Ore. S.S. 10:530. 

 R.H. 1869, p. 48. G. 19:345. F.E. 25:543. Gt. 53, 

 p. 542. G.W. 8, p. 484; 10, pp. 41, 227. Beissner 555. 

 Gn. 5:395. G.C. III. 40:167. Var. glauca, Regel 

 (Thuyopsis boredlis var. glauca, Jaeger). With very 

 glaucous foliage. Var. pendula, Beissn. Distinctly 

 pendulous. Gt. 53, p. 542. G.W. 1, p. 300. G.C. III. 

 40:166. Beissner 539. Var. lutea, Beissn. The young 

 growth colored light yellow. J.H.S. 1902:427, fig. 113. 

 Gn. 50, p. 68. Gn.W. 11:313. There are other forms 

 with variegated Ivs. C. nootkatensis is about as hardy 

 as the Japanese species. 



AA. Lvs. with glaucous or whitish marks beneath: branches 

 with horizontally spreading ramifications. 



Lawsoniana, Parlatore (Cupressus Lawsoniana, Murr. 

 C. Boursieri, Decne.). LAWSON'S CYPRESS. Tree, to 

 200 ft., with horizontally spreading and usually pen- 

 dulous branches: branchlets frond-like arranged, flat- 

 tened: Ivs. closely appressed, obtuse or somewhat 

 acute, usually bright green, with a gland on the back: 

 staminate catkins bright red (yellow in all other 

 species) : cone globose, about M m - across, red-brown 

 and often glaucous. From Ore. to Calif. S.S. 10:531. 

 Gng. 2:327. S.M. 2, p. 49. F.E. 23:309; 33:559. G.W. 

 10, p. 42. Beissner 541. G. 1 : 121; 7: 129. This is one 

 of the most beautiful conifers and very variable, about 

 80 garden forms being cult, in European nurseries and 

 collections. The following are some of the best: Var. 

 albo-spica, Beissn. Tips of branchlets creamy white, of 



