734 



CHAMvEROPS 



CHEILANTHES 



Becc., is interesting for its elongated frs. shaped like a 

 date. Offered by Montarioso Nursery in 1912. 



C. Biroo, Sieb.= Livistona rotundifolia. C. Byrrho, Hort.= 

 Livistona rotundifolia. C. excelsa, Thunb.=Trachycarpusexcelsus. 

 C. farinbsa, Hort.=C. humilis. Linn. C. Fortunei, Hook.= 

 Trachycarpus. C. hitmilis X hystrix, Hort. Said to be a "choice 

 garden hybrid of Florida origin." C. hystrix, Fraser.=Rhapido- 

 phyllum hystrix. C. stauracdntha, Hort.=Acanthorhiza aculeata. 



JAEED G. SMITH. 

 N. TAYLOR.! 



CHAMOMILE: Anthemis. 



CHAPTALIA (J. A. C. Chaptal, 1756^1831, agricul- 

 tural chemist). Compdsitse. Low perennial herbs, with 

 white or purplish fls. on naked scapes, blooming in 

 spring and summer: heads radiate, the ray-fls. pistillate, 

 and the disk-fls. perfect, but some or all of them sterile; 

 involucre campanulate or turbinate, of appressed and 

 imbricated bracts; pappus of soft capillary bristles: 

 achenes oblong or fusiform, narrowed above, 5-nerved. 

 Twenty-five American species. The only species in 

 the American trade is C. tomentdsa, Vent. (Thyrsdn- 

 thema semiflosculare, Kuntze), of N. C. and south. Of 

 this the scape is 1 ft. or less high, and the heads are 



purple-rayed: Ivs. ob- 

 long or oblanceolate, 

 more or less remotely 

 denticulate, rather 

 thick, white-tomentose 

 beneath. Intro, as a 

 border plant. B. M. 

 2257. N. TAYLOB.f 



CHARD (ch pro- 

 nounced as in charge). 

 Swiss CHARD. SEA- 

 KALE BEET. A form 

 of the plant (Beta vul- 

 garis) which has pro- 

 duced the common 

 beet; known as Beta 

 Cido(p.496). See Beet 

 and Beta. 



The beet plant has 

 given rise to two gen- 

 eral types of varieties: 

 those varieties with 

 thickened roots (the 

 beet of America, the 

 beet-root of European 

 literature); and those 

 with large and pulpy 

 or thickened leaves 

 (but whose roots are 

 small and woody). The 

 latter type is known 

 under the general name 

 of leaf-beets. These leaf-beets may be arranged into 

 two sub-groups: (1) Common or normal leaf-beets, or 

 spinach beets, in which the leaf-blade is large and 

 pulpy, and is used as spinach; chard, in which the 

 petiole and midrib are very broad and thick, is a form 

 of this, although the name is sometimes used as 

 synonymous with the general edible leaf-beet group. 

 (Fig. 897); (2) ornamental beets, of which the foliage 

 is variously colored. 



Chard is of the easiest culture. Seed is sown in spring, 

 as for common beets. The broad petioles, or chards, 

 may be gathered from midsummer until frost. These 

 broad white stalks or ribs are used as a pot-herb; and, 

 if desired, the leaf-blades may be cooked with them. 

 The dish is usually more attractive, however, if only 

 the chards are cooked. If cutting of the leaves is 

 carefully performed, a succession may be had till 

 cold weather. Chard is an attractive vegetable when 

 well grown, but is little used in this country. 



L. H. B. 



897. Chard, or sea-kale beet. 



898. Charieis hetero- 

 phylla. (XI) 



CHARIEIS (Greek, elegant, from the pleasing 

 flowers). Composite. Attractive hardy flower-garden 

 annual. 



A small, branchy plant, 6-12 in. high, with blue or 

 red aster-like fls., on long sts. : plant pubescent or hispid : 

 Ivs. oblong-spatulate or oblong-lanceolate, entire or 

 remotely denticulate : heads 

 many-fld., radiate, the ray-fls. 

 pistillate, the disk-fls. perfect: 

 achene obovate and compressed, 

 those of the disk with plumose 

 pappus: involucre scales in 2 

 rows. One species, in the W. 

 Cape region. Known as Kaul- 

 fussia in gardens. The genus 

 Kaulfussia was founded by Nees 

 in 1820; in 1817, however, the 

 plant was described by Cassini 

 as Charieis heterophylla. 



heterophylla, Cass. (C.Neesii, 

 Hort. Kaulfussia amellmdes, 

 Nees). Figs. 898, 899. Rays blue, disk yellow or blue. 

 An excellent subject of easy cult, in any garden soil. 

 Var. atroviolacea, Hort., has dark violet fls. Var. 

 kermesina, Hort., has violet-red fls. Sow seeds where 

 the plants are to grow; or they may be started indoors 

 and the plants transplanted to the open. L, jj, g 



CHARLOCK: Brassica; also Raphanus. 

 CHARLWO6DIA: Cordyline. 

 CHASTE TREE: Vitex. 



CHAVICA, kept distinct in part by recent authors, is accounted 

 for under Piper. 



CHEAT, or CHESS: Bromus. 



CHECKERBERRY: Gaultheria. 



CHEESES : Vernacular for M aha rotundifolia. 



CHEILANTHES (Greek, lip-flower, alluding to the 

 indusium). Polypodiacese. Semi-hardy or hothouse 

 ferns of small size. 



Plants often hairy or woolly, with the spri terminal 

 on the veins and covered with a roundish indusium. 

 Some 60 or 70 species are known, nearly a third of which 

 are natives of the W. and S. W. United States, one species 

 as far east as Conn. They are of easy cult., enjoying 

 a position near the glass, and disliking strong, close 

 heat and syringing or watering overhead. Most of the 



899. Charieis heterophylla. 



species grow naturally in dry rocky situations. They 

 are among the few ferns to be found in dry regions. 

 Commercially valuable only from the fern collector's 

 standpoint. 



calif ornica, 1. 

 Clevelandii, 9. 

 Cooperse, 7. 

 elegans, 12. 

 Ellisiana, 5. 



Fendleri, 11. 

 gracillima, 8. 

 hirta, 5. 

 ianpsa, 6. 

 meifolia, 2. 



microphylla, 3. 

 myriophylla, 12. 

 tomentosa, 10. 

 vestita, 6. 

 viscida, 4. 



