CHICORY 



CHIMAPHILA 



747 



prepared by deep plowing, harrowing and scarifying 

 with a weeder, the seed, which must be fresh and clean, 

 is sown rather thickly but covered thinly, in drills 18 

 inches apart. 



There are but few well-defined varieties of this plant 

 used for field culture, and even the garden sorts are 

 not so stable as could be desired. Of the former group, 

 Magdeburg, Brunswick and Schlesische are the prin- 

 cipal; of the latter, Witloof (so-called), Red Italian, 

 Broad-leaved, Improved Variegated and Curled-leaved 

 are best known. Witloof and Barbe de Capucin can 

 be produced from any variety, the difference being 

 brought about by the method of growing. 



Chicory has no specific enemies in this country, and 

 is troubled by only a few of the general-feeding insects, 

 such as cut-worms and wire-worms. 



From six to ten tons is the general acre yield, although 

 with good management fifteen tons may be produced. 

 The cost of growing and the returns are about as fol- 

 lows: Rent, wear of tools, etc., $5; preparation of 

 land, $4.50; seed, 75 cents; cultivating and tending, 

 $15; harvesting and delivering, $12; total, $37.25. 

 Average price the ton, $7. 



From a purely horticultural standpoint, chicory is 

 of interest as a root, a pot-herb, and a salad plant. 

 The young tender roots are occasionally boiled and 

 served with butter, pepper and salt, like young carrots, 

 but they have never become widely popular in this 

 form. As a pot-herb, the young leaves are equal to 

 those of dandelion. They are cut when 6 to 8 inches 

 long, boiled in two waters to remove the bitter flavor, 

 and served like spinach. As a salad, chicory is famous 

 in three forms: Common Blanched, Barbe de Capucin 

 and Witloof. Barbe de Capucin is comprised of small 

 blanched leaves. Witloof is a more solid head. The 

 pink, red and curled varieties make a very pretty 

 appearance, and, if well grown and served fresh, are 

 delicious, there being only a slightly bitter flavor. 

 The method of growing for salads is the same as for 

 endive. 



For Barbe and Witloof, well-grown roots are dug in 

 October, trimmed of unnecessary roots and of all but 

 an inch of top. For Barbe, the roots are laid hori- 

 zontally in tiers in moist earth, the whole forming a 

 sloping heap, the crowns of the roots protruding an 

 inch or so. Since darkness is essential, a warm vege- 

 table cellar is the usual place selected to grow this 

 vegetable, which requires three or four weeks to pro- 

 duce its fine white leaves. These are cut when about 

 6 inches long, eaten as a salad, boiled like kale or cut 

 up like slaw. If undisturbed, the roots will continue 

 to produce for several weeks. The most rapid way to 

 produce Witloof is to plunge the roots (shortened to 5 

 inches) in spent tanbark, or such material, and cover 

 with 2 feet or more of manure, the space under a green- 

 house bench being used. In about two weeks, heads 

 resembling cos lettuce may be dug up, boiled like brus- 

 sels sprouts, or served as salad. If the roots be left in 

 place, protected from the light, but uncovered, a crop 

 of leaves resembling Barbe may be gathered. Sowing 

 and other cultural management is the same as for other 

 garden roots, as beets and carrots. It is a pity that 

 these vegetables are so little known in this country. 

 Witloof is a popular winter vegetable in the larger 

 cities of the East. Much of it is imported from Europe. 



Chicory has run wild along roadsides and in dry fields 

 in many parts of the country, and is considered to be a 

 bad weed. However, the handsome sky-blue flowers 

 (Fig. 962), which open only in sunshine, are very 

 attractive. M a KAINS> 



CHlLDSIA WERCKLEI: Hidalgoa. 



CHILIANTHUS (a thousand flowers). Loganiacese. 

 Four or 5 S. African trees or shrubs, very closely allied 

 to Buddleia, from which it differs in having stamens 



48 



exserted from the short tube: Ivs. opposite, entire or 

 dentate, nearly always tomentose or scaly: fls. very 

 numerous, in dense terminal cymes or panicles; calyx 

 and corolla deeply 4-parted, the latter usually yellow- 

 ish. Unknown to the American trade. The plants 

 known as Buddleia salicifolia, Jacq., and B. saligna, 

 Willd., are Chilianthus arboreus, Benth. (which is 

 probably identical with C. oleaceus, Burch.). 



CHILOPSIS (Greek, lip-like). Bignoniacese. One 

 deciduous shrub or low tree, often planted in southern 

 California and other parts. 



Allied to Catalpa: differs in having 4 anther-bearing 

 stamens and 1 rudiment, a more trumpet-shaped corolla 

 and with jagged lobes, and Ivs. linear and often not 

 opposite. 



linearis, DC (C. saligna, Don). Slender-branched, 

 10-20 ft.: fls. handsome, bignonia-like, in a short 

 terminal raceme; corolla 1-2 in. long, 5-lobed and 

 crimped, the tube and throat lilac, and 2 yellow stripes 

 inside. Dry districts from S. Texas 

 to Calif., and in Mex. From its 

 narrow-lanceolate or linear Ivs., it is 

 known as desert willow; also called 

 flowering willow and mimbres. 

 There is a white-fld. form. 



L. H. B. 



CHIMAPHILA (Greek, winter- 

 loving; green in winter). Eri- 

 caceae. PIPSISSEWA. Perennial small 

 plants, interesting for the white or 

 pinkish flowers and the evergreen 

 foliage, but little cultivated. 



Half shrubby or 

 herbaceous, with 

 creeping st. : Ivs. 

 evergreen, serrate, 

 in irregular whorls: 

 fls. nodding, form- 

 ing a terminal, few- 

 fld. umbel, on a 

 long naked pedun- 

 cle; petals 5, spread- 

 ing; stamens 10, the 

 anthers opening 

 with 2 pores at the 

 apex, the filaments 

 short, dilated ; style 

 short, with a peltate 

 stigma. : fr. a dehis- 

 cent, deeply fur- 

 rowed, 5-celled 

 caps, with numer- 

 ous minute seeds. 

 Four species in N. 

 Amer., Eu., and N. 

 Asia to Japan; for- 

 merly united with Pyrola. Low evergreen plants, with 

 pretty white or reddish fls. in summer. They grow 

 best in a light, sandy soil, mixed with peat or leaf- 

 mold, and prefer a half-shady position. Prop, by divi- 

 sion of the creeping rootstock. Useful in wild borders. 



A. Lvs. broadest above the middle. 



umbellata, Nutt. (C. corymbdsa, Pursh). Five to 12 

 in.: Ivs. 3-6 in a whorl, short-petioled, cuneate-lanceo- 

 late to oblpng-obovate, sharply serrate, dark green and 

 shining above, 1-2 in. long: fls. 4-7, white or reddish, 

 J^-^in. wide. N. Amer., from Canada to Mex., Eu., 

 Japan. B.M. 778. L.B.C. 5:463. Mn. 7:161 Lvs. 

 said to be employed in rheumatic and kidney affec- 

 tions. 



AA. Lvs. broadest below the middle. 



maculata, Pursh. Fig. 919. Lower and less branched 

 than the foregoing: Ivs. usually in 3's, ovate or oblong- 



