748 



CHIMAPHILA 



CHIONODOXA 



lanceolate, sparsely and sharply serrate, variegated 

 with white along the nerves, 1-2 in. long: fls. 2-5, white, 

 Min. wide. From Canada to Ga. and Miss. B.M. 897. 

 Mn. 9:1. G.C. III. 32:318. 



Menziesii, Spreng. Slender plant, 3-8 in. high: 

 Ivs. alternate or in 3's, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 

 acute at both ends, %-!% in. long, sharply serrate, 

 sometimes variegated: fls. 1-3, white, J^in. across; 

 filaments with a round dilated portion in the middle. 

 Brit. Col. to Calif. ALFRED REHDER. 



CHIMONANTHUS: Meralia. 



CHINA ASTER: Aster. 



CHINA-TREE: Melia. 



CHINA WOOD-OIL: Aleurites Fordii. 



CHINESE LANTERN PLANT: Physalis. 



CHINESE LAUREL: Antidesma. 



CHINESE SACRED LILY: Narcissus. 



CHINKAPIN, CHINQUAPIN: Chestnut and Castanea. 



CHIOCOCCA. Rubidcese. SNOWBERRY (which the 

 name means in Greek). Shrubs, mostly climbing or 

 trailing, of Trop. Amer. (a half-dozen or so species), 

 and 3 in extreme S. Fla. Fls. in axillary panicles, the 

 corolla funnelform and 5-parted; stamens 5, inserted 

 on the base of the corolla, the filaments cohering at 

 base; style filiform, the stigma club-shaped; ovary 2-3- 

 loculed, becoming a small globular 2-seeded drupe. 

 C. racemosa, Linn., of the Fla. Keys and S., is some- 

 times cult, in hothouses for its panicles of yellowish 

 white fls. and the white frs.: Ivs. ovate to lanceolate, 

 thick and shining, entire: drupes J^in. diam.: twining, 

 glabrous. C. anguifuga, Mart. (C. brachidta, Ruiz & 

 Pav.), of S. Amer., the root affording a native snake- 

 bite remedy, has appeared in cult, (under the name var. 

 acutifdlia): woody, with erect branches: Ivs. ovate, 3 

 in. or less long, sharp-acuminate: fls. M m - long with 

 recurved lobes, in axillary panicles shorter than the 

 Ivs. In S. Fla. or on the Keys, 2 other species occur, 

 but they apparently are not in cult. : C. dlba, Hitchcock. 

 Large, erect or reclining: Ivs. elliptic to ovate: fls. 

 white, often becoming yellow. C. pinetorum, Brit. 

 Small, trailing: Ivs. mostly elliptic to oblong: corolla 

 always white. L_ jj. g. 



CHIO GENES (Greek, snow, offspring; referring to 

 the snow-white berries). Ericaceae. SNOWBERRY. 

 Creeping plant, rarely grown in rockeries for the car- 

 peting effect of the evergreen foliage and for the attrac- 

 tive white berries; with small alternate 2-ranked Ivs. and 

 inconspicuous axillary fls.; corolla short-campanulate, 

 4-cleft; stamens 8, included, with short filaments, 

 anthers opening by a slit: berry white, many-seeded. 

 Two species in the colder regions of N. Amer. and 

 Japan. Slender trailing evergreens, in appearance 

 much like the cranberry; rarely cult. Thriving best in 

 moist and peaty soil, in a shaded position, creeping 

 amongst growing moss. Prop, by seeds, by division or 

 by cuttings in Aug. under glass. The American spe- 

 cies, C. hispfdula, Torr. & Gray (C. serpyllifolia, Salisb.), 

 has hirsute branches and ovate or oval, J/^-^jin.-l 

 ciliate Ivs., greenish white fls. and white berries, 

 across, usually hirsute. ALFRED REHDER. 



CHIONANTHUS (Greek for snow and flower; allud- 

 ing to the abundance of snow-white fls.)'. Oledcex. 

 FRINGE TREE. Woody plants grown for their pro- 

 fusely produced white flowers. 



Shrubs or low trees, with deciduous, opposite and 

 entire Ivs. : fls. in loose panicles from lateral buds at the 

 end of last year's branches, white, dioecious or only 

 functionally dioecious; calyx 4-cleft; corolla divided 

 nearly to the base in 4 narrow petals; stamens 2, short; 



ovary superior, 2-celled; style very short with a 2- 

 lobed stigma: fr. a 1 -seeded oval drupe. Two species 

 in E. N. Amer. and China. Ornamental shrubs, with 

 large, dark green foliage, and very showy white fls. 

 in early summer. The American species is almost 

 hardy N., but requires a somewhat sheltered position; 

 the Chinese may be more tender, but has proved hardy 

 at the Arnold Arboretum. They thrive best in a some- 

 what moist and sandy loam, and in a sunny position. 

 Prop, by seeds sown in fall or stratified; increased also 

 by layers and by grafting under glass or budding in 

 the open air on ash seedlings (in Europe, Fraxinus 

 Ornus is preferred) ; sometimes by cuttings from forced 

 plants in early spring. 



virginica, Linn. Fig. 920. Large shrub or slender 

 tree, to 30 ft.: Ivs. oval or oblong, acuminate, pubes- 

 cent beneath when young, mostly glabrous at length, 

 4-8 in. long: panicles 4-6 

 in. long, pendulous; fls. func- 

 tionally dioecious; petals 1 

 in. long: fr. dark blue, ovoid, 

 %in. long. May, June. From 

 Pa. to Fla. and Texas. L.B. 

 C. 13 : 1264. Gt. 16 : 564. 

 Mn. 2 : 154. G. F. 7 : 325. 

 A.G. 22:362. F.E. 29:733. 

 Gng. 16:306. G.M. 31:527. 

 V. 10:227. G.W. 8, p. 293. 

 M.D.G. 1899:412,413:1900: 

 413; 1907:73, 337. Variable 

 in shape and pubescence of 

 the Ivs., and several varieties 

 have been distinguished, but 

 none of them sufficiently dis- 

 tinct for horticultural pur- 

 poses. The staminate plants 

 are showier in flower on 

 account of their larger pani- 

 cles and broader petals, but 

 lack the attractive pendulous blue frs. in autumn. 

 Root-bark tonic, febrifuge, laxative; reputed narcotic, 

 retusa, Lindl. (C. chinensis, Maxim.). Shrub, with 

 spreading branches, or small tree, to 20 ft.: Ivs. obovate 

 or oval to oval-oblong, acute or obtuse, sometimes 

 emarginate, pubescent on the veins beneath, at least 

 when young, and reticulate; petioles densely pubes- 

 cent: fls. dioecious, fragrant, in panicles 2-4 in. long; 

 petals about J^in. long; narrow oblong: drupe ovoid, 

 dark blue, Kin. long, China. P.F.G. 3, p. 85. G.C. 

 11.23:821; 111.47:328, 329. Gt. 35, p. 667. A.G. 

 13:374; 20:107; 22:363. Mn. 2:157. G.F. 7:327. G. 

 29:347; 33:521. Gn. W. 8:453. Young plants have 

 the Ivs. serrulate. ALFRED REHDER. 



CHIONODOXA (Greek, snow and glory). Lilidcese. 

 GLORY -OF -THE -SNow. Very early-blooming hardy 

 bulbs, flowers and leaves appearing together. 



Closely allied to Scilla, but differs, among other 

 characters, in having a short tube to the corolla: fls. 

 blue (running into white and red forms), with recurved- 

 spreading acute segms., dilated filaments, and small or 

 capitate stigma. Four species, Crete to Asia Minor. 



These are among the best of early-flowering plants, 

 blooming in February, March and April, according to 

 the locality, with the early snowdrops and scillas. Since 

 their introduction to cultivation by Maw in 1877, they 

 have been widely cultivated under the popular name 

 of "glory-of-the-snow," in allusion to their early- 

 blooming habit. C. I/utilise is the most widely cultiva- 

 ted species. This varies much in color, the type having 

 flowers whose petals are more or less deeply tipped 

 with blue, shading to white at their bases. C. Lucilise 

 also occurs with pure white flowers, and in reddish and 

 pink forms. C. sardensis has smaller flowers of a deeper 

 tone of blue and without the white markings of the 

 petals. There are two varieties of this, one with white 



920. Chionanthus virginica. 

 ( X Vi) 



