CHRYSANTHEMUM 



CHRYS ANTHEM UM 



mon in the English grain fields. Forms of the plant are 

 cult.; the var. Cloth of Gold, J.H. III. 12:445, is one of 

 the best. Var. pftmilum, Hort., very compact, 8 in. 

 high. This species is much less popular than P. carina- 

 tum and P. coronarium. It is forced to a slight extent 

 for winter bloom. 



4. multicaMe, Desf . Glabrous and glaucous annual, 

 6-12 in. high: sts. numerous, simple or branched, stout, 

 terete: Ivs. fleshy, variable, usually linear-spatulate, 

 1-3 in. long and H~%i n - broad, very coarsely toothed 

 or lobed, sometimes shorter, with few narrow-linear, 

 acute, entire segms. about 1 line broad: rays much 

 shorter and rounder than in C. segetum, golden yellow. 

 Algeria. B.M. 6930. Rarer in cult, than the last. Said 

 to be useless as a cut-fl. 



AA. Plant perennial. 



B. The florist's chrysanthemum, and wild progenitors or 

 near relatives, grown as pot or bench subjects 

 because the seasons are not long enough, in the N., 

 for full maturity in the open: rays of many forms 

 and colors in cult.; heads often double: Ivs. usually 

 lobed or strongly notched. 



5. morifSlium, Ram. (C. sinense, Sabine). Fig. 928. 

 Perennial, one of the sources (with C. indicum) of the 

 large florist's chrysanthemums: wild plant shrubby, 

 erect and rigid, 2-3 ft., branching, few-lvd.: Ivs. thick 

 and stiff, 2 in. long, densely white-tomentose beneath, 

 variable in shape from ovate to lanceolate, cuneate at 

 base, margin entire or coarsely toothed : outer bracts of 

 involucre thick, linear, acute, white-tomentose; fl.- 

 heads small, with yellow disk and white rays somewhat 

 exceeding the disk. China. G.C. III. 31:302 (adapted 

 in Fig. 928). Var. gracile, Hemsl. Lvs. thin or only 

 moderately thick, palmately lobed or pinnately lobed, 

 dentate, the teeth often mucronate: outer involucral 

 bracts herbaceous, linear and acute, varying in pubes- 

 cence; rays white, pink or lilac, equaling or exceeding 

 the disk. China, Mongolia, Japan. 



6. indicum, Linn. Fig. 929. Much like the last, but 

 Ivs. thin and flaccid, pinnately parted, with acute or 



928. Wild form of Chrysanthemum morifolium, 

 as grown in England. 



929. Wild form of Chrysanthemum indicum, 

 as grown in England. 



mucronate teeth: outer involucral bracts broad and 

 scarious except the herbaceous midnerye; rays yellow, 

 shorter than diam. of the disk. China and Japan. 

 B.M. 7874. G.C. III. 8:565; 28:342; 31:303 (adapted 

 in Fig. 929). This species is not native to India, and 

 therefore Linnaeus' name is inappropriate. Abroad, 

 C. indicum is often used in a wide sense, to include C. 

 morifolium. In recent years, both C. morifolium and 



C. indicum have been grown in England from wild 

 stock, and from such studies of them the present 

 descriptions and figures are drawn. From these plants 

 it is supposed, by endless variation and by hybridiza- 

 tion, the highly developed glasshouse or florist's 

 chrysanthemums have come, a group that may be 

 distinguished. as C. hortdrum, Figs. 938-50. 



7. ornatum, Hemsl. (C. margindtum, Hort.). Allied 

 to the above two species, and perhaps a form of C. 

 morifolium: bushy plant, 3-4 ft. : Ivs. palmately lobed, 

 ovate in outline, white-tomentose beneath and on the 

 margin, 1^-2 in. long: fl.-heads loosely corymbose, 2 

 in. or less across, the disk yellow and rays white and 

 broad; bracts of involucre in about 3 series, all similar, 

 white in center, purple-brown on margin : achenes small, 

 oblique, glabrous. B.M. 7965. G.C. III. 35:51. Gn. 71, 

 p. 53; 73, p. 90. A recent introduction; grows well in 

 the open in England, but does not bloom unless taken 

 indoors. 



BB. The garden pyrethrums and others; heads usually 



not highly doubled and modified. 

 c. Lvs. cut to the midrib or nearly so. 



D. Heads borne in corymbs, i.e., flat-topped, dense clusters. 



E. Rays yellow. 



8. achilleaefdlium, DC. (Achillea aitrea, Lam.). Per- 

 ennial, 2 ft.: st. usually unbranched, except along the 

 creeping and rooting base: sts. and Ivs. covered with 

 fine soft grayish white hairs, oblong in outline, about 

 1 in. long, j^in. wide, finely cut: rays 7-8, short, a 

 little longer than the involucre. Siberia, Caucasus. 

 Rare in cult. Less popular than the achilleas, with 

 larger fl.-clusters. 



EE. Rays white. 



9. corymbdsum, Linn. (Pyrethrum corymbbsum, 

 Willd.). Robust perennial, 1-4 ft.: st. branched at the 

 apex: Ivs. sometimes 6 in. long, 3 in. wide, widest at 

 middle and tapering both ways, cut to the very midrib, 

 the segms. alternating along the midrib. Eu., N. Afr., 

 Caucasus. G.C. II. 20:201. Rare in cult. Segms. 

 may be coarsely or finely cut, and Ivs. glabrous or vil- 

 lous beneath. 



