CHRYSANTHEMUM 



CHRYSANTHEMUM 



757 



FF. Group of hardy outdoor herbs: sts. usually un- 

 branched: rays white or red, never yellow. 

 G. Foliage not glaucous: fls. sometimes double. 

 14. coccineum, Willd. (Pyrethrum roseum, Bieb., not 

 Web. & Mohr. P. hybridum, Hort.). Fig. 933. Gla- 

 brous perennial, 1-2 ft. high: st. usually unbranched, 



932. Leaves of Chrysanthemum frutescens (left) and 

 C. anethifolium (right). (XI) 



rarely branched at the top: Ivs. thin, dark green, or in 

 dried specimens dark brown: involucral scales with a 

 brown margin; rays white or red in such shades as 

 pink, carmine, rose, lilac, and crimson, and sometimes 

 tipped yellow, but never wholly yellow. Caucasus, 

 Persia. F.S. 9:917. Gn. 26, pp. 440, 443. Gng. 2:7; 

 5:309. R.H. 1897, p. 521. Not B.M. 1080, 

 which is C coronopifolium. The first picture of a full 

 double form is R. H. 1864:71. This species is the most 

 important and variable of all the hardy herbaceous 

 kinds. There have been perhaps 700 named horti- 

 cultural varieties. There is an anemone-fld. form with 

 a high disk. The species is also cult, in Calif, and 

 France for insect powder. C. atrosanguineum, Hort., is 

 said to be a good horticultural variety with dark crim- 

 son fls. The C. roseum of Weber & Mohr being a ten- 

 able name, Hoffmann proposes Ascherson's name, C. 

 Marschallii, for the P. roseum of Bieberstein; but 

 Willdenow's C. coccineum is here retained. 



GG. Foliage glaucous: fls. never double. 



15. cinerariaef61ium, Vis. Glaucous perennial, slen- 

 der, 12-15 in. high: sts. unbranched, with a few short, 

 scattered hairs below the fl. : Ivs. long-petioled, silky 

 beneath, with distant segms. : involucral scales scarious 

 and whitish at the apex. Dalmatia. B.M. 6781. Said 

 to be chief source of Dalmatian insect powder. Rarely 

 cult, as border plant. Common in botanic gardens. 



cc. Lvs. not cut to the midrib, pinnatifid or coarsely 

 toothed (except perhaps in No. 22}. 



D. Heads borne in dusters, mostly flat-topped 



16. Balsamita, Linn. (Tanacetum Balsdmita, Linn. 

 Pyrethrum Balsdmita, Willd. Balsdmita vulgaris, 

 Willd.). COSTMARY. MINT GERANIUM. Sometimes 

 erroneously called "lavender," from its sweet agree- 

 able odor. Tall and stout perennial: Ivs. sweet-scented, 

 oval or oblong, obtuse, margined with blunt or sharp 

 teeth, lower ones petioled, upper ones almost sessile, 

 the largest Ivs. 5-11 in. long, 1^-2 in. wide: pappus 

 a short crown. W. Asia. Typically with short white 

 rays, but when they are absent the plant is var. tana- 

 cetoides, Boiss. Fig. 934. Rayless. This has escaped 

 in a few places from old gardens: it seems to be the 

 prevailing garden form. 



DD. Heads borne singly on the branches or sts., or at 

 least not in definite clusters; rays large, white. 



17. lacustre, Brot. (C. latifolium, DC.). Fig. 935. 

 Perennial; endlessly confused with C. maximum in gar- 

 dens, and the two species are very variable and diffi- 

 cult to distinguish; the fls. can hardly be told apart. C. 

 lacustre is a taller and more vigorous plant, and some- 

 times it is branched at the top, bearing 3 heads, while 

 C. maximum is always 1-headed, and the Ivs. in that 

 species are much narrower. Height 3-6 ft. : st. sparsely 

 branched: Ivs. partly clasping, ovate-lanceolate, with 

 coarse, hard teeth: rays about 1 in. long; pappus of the 

 ray 2-3-eared. Portugal, along rivers, swamps and 

 lakes. R.H. 1857, p. 456. 



18. maximum, Ramond. Fig. 936. This perennial 

 species has narrower Ivs. than C. lacustre, and they are 

 narrowed at the base: height 1 ft.: st. more angled than 

 the above, simple or branched at the very base, always 

 1-headed and leafless for 3-4 in. below the head: lower 

 Ivs. petioled, wedge-shaped at the base, or long- 

 oblanceolate; the upper Ivs. becoming few, lanceolate 

 but usually not very prominently pointed, the teeth 

 not very large or striking: pappus none: involucral 

 scales narrower and longer, whitish-transparent at the 

 margin, while those of C. lacustre are broader, more 

 rounded at the apex, and with a light brown scarious 

 margin. Pyrenees. J.H. III. 5:251. Gn. 26, p. 437; 

 73, p. 567. G. 5:445. G.M. 46:676. Var. R6bin- 

 sonii, Hort., has finely cut or fringed rays, giving the 

 bloom the appearance of a Japanese chrysanthemum. 



R. H. 1904:515. Var. 

 Davidsii, Hort., has sts. 

 of great length, suitable 

 for cutting. Var. filif orme, 

 Hort., has deeply serrate 

 long and drooping rays. 

 There are many other 

 forms, differing in time of 

 bloom as well as in habit 

 and in form of fl. The 

 Shasta daisy (said to be a 



933. Chrysanthemum coc- 

 cineum. The Pyrethrum 

 roseum of gardens. ( X 1 A) 



934. Chrysanthemum Bal- 

 samita var. tanacetoides. 

 Costmary or mint geranium. 

 (XH) 



