CHRYSANTHEMUM 



CHRYSANTHEMUM 



765 



as in England and France. There are a few varie- 

 ties that have stood the test for several years; such as 

 Ivory, 1889; Geo. W. Childs, 1892; Golden Wedding, 

 1893; Major Bonnaffon, 1894; Yanoma, 1896; W. H. 

 Chadwick, 1898; John K. Shaw and Nagoya, 1899; 

 Monrovia, Col. D. Appleton and White Bonnaffon, 1900. 

 There are many other varieties that have stood the test 

 for four or five years. 



It is not the purpose of this article to recommend 

 varieties of chrysanthemums, but the following list 

 includes the best varieties known in North America at 

 the present time. The list will be valuable as showing 

 a serviceable classification, and also for reference when 

 other varieties have come into existence: 



Selection of varieties based on main types. (1) Incurved: ./Esthetic, 

 Emberta, Major Bonnaffon, Pink Gem, Mary Donellan, Naomah, 

 Smith's Sensation, William Turner. (2) Japanese: Pacific Supreme, 

 Crocus, Ramapo, December Gem, F. S. Vallis, Glen Cove, Golden 

 Robin, Reginald Vallis. (3) Japanese Incurved: Chrysolora, 

 Col. D. Appleton, W. H. Chadwick, Mile. Jeanne Nonin, Artistic 

 Queen, Christy Mathewson, Elberpn, Nakota. (4) Hairy: 

 Arvede Barine, Beauty of Truro, Prison d'Or, Leocadie Gen- 

 tils, Louis Boehrner, L'Enfant des Deux Mondes, R. M. Grey, 

 White Swan. (5) Re'flexed: Smith's Advance, Dick Witterstaetter, 

 Harvard, Yanoma, Mrs. J. Wells, Rose Pockett, Thanksgiving 

 Queen, Madison. (6) Large Anemone: Satisfaction, Surprise, 

 Ernest Cooper, Geo. Hawkins, Gladys Spaulding, John Bunyan. 



(7) Japanese Anemone: Eleanor, Mrs. F. Gordon Dexter, Zoraida. 



(8) Pompons: Alma, Baby, Clorinda, Fairy Queen, Helen New- 

 berry, Minta, Julie Lagravere, Quinola. (9) Pompon Anemone: 

 Diantha, Ada Sweet, Gertrude Wilson, Lida Thomas, Vayenne, 

 Bessie Flight. (10) Large-flowering Singles: Arlee, Catherine 

 Livingstone, Felicity, Itaska, Lady Lu, Red Light. (11) Small- 

 flowering Singles: Ladysmith, Anna, Blazing Star, Little Barbee. 



Selection of varieties based on color. White: Smith's Advance, 

 Chadwick Improved, Christy Mathewson, Mrs. Gilbert Drabble, 

 Naomah, William Turner. Yellow: Chrysolora, Completa, Golden 

 Glow, Golden Eagle, Ramapo, Lenox. Pink: Pacific Supreme, 

 Unaka, Patty, Glen Cove, Morristown, Smith's Sensation. Crim- 

 son: Dick Witterstaetter, Harvard, Intensity, J. W. Molyneux, 

 Pockett's Crimson, Mrs. Harry Turner. Bronze and buff: Glen- 

 view, Mrs. J. A. Miller, Mrs. H. Stevens, Ongawa, Rose Pockett, 

 William Kleinheinz. Crimson, golden reverse: Harry E. Converse, 

 Howard Gould, Mrs. O. H. Kahn, W. Woodmason. Amaranth or 

 purplish- crimson: George J. Bruzard, Mrs. G. C. Kelly, Reginald 

 Vallis. T. Carrington, Leslie Morrison. 



Selection based on special uses. Bush plants: Golden Age, 

 Brutus, Dick Witterstaetter, Dr. Enguehard, Garza. Single 

 stemmed pot-plant : Naomah, Chrysolora, ^Esthetic, President 

 Roosevelt, Ben Wells, Glen Cove, Mrs. George Hunt, Mrs. O. H. 

 Kahn, Pockett's Crimson. Exhibition blooms: Artistic Queen, 

 Christy Mathewson, Chrysanthemiste Montigny, F. S. Vallis, 

 George J. Bruzard, Glen Cove, Glenyiew, Harry E. Converse, Lady 

 Hopetoun, Lenox, Elberon, Morristown, M. Loiseau-Rousseau, 

 Mrs. Gilbert Drabble, Mrs. H. Stevens, Mrs. Harry Turner, 

 Naomah, Pockett's Crimson, Rose Pockett, William Turner, W. 

 Woodmason, Ben Wells, Merza, Reginald Vallis. Commerical 

 blooms. Extra-early-flowering, July to October: Golden Glow, 

 Smith's Advance. Second-early-flowering, last of September into 

 October: Early Snow, Glory of Pacific, Monrovia, October Frost, 

 Iloserie. Early-midseason-flowering, middle of October: Chrysolora, 

 Comoleta, Gloria, Ivory, Pacific Supreme, Unaka, Virginia Poehl- 

 mann. Midseason-flowering, last of October to November 10: Col. 

 D. Appleton, Crocus, Dick Witterstaetter, Pink Gem, Ramapo, 

 Mrs. W. E. Kelley. Late-mid season-flowering, November 10 to 

 Thanksgiving: Dr. Enguehard, Emberta, Golden Eagle, Golden 

 Wedding, Major Bonnaffon, Patty, President Roosevelt, Timothy 

 Eaton, W. H. Chadwick, Mrs. Jerome Jones, White Bonnaffon. 

 Late-flowering, Thanksgiving and later: December Gem, Harvard, 

 Helen Frick, Intensity, John Burton, Mile. Jeanne Nonin, Thanks- 

 giving Queen, Yanoma. 



Section V. Culture of chrysanthemums for exhibition. 



This branch in which the highest standard must be 

 attained if the slightest hope of success at the exhibi- 

 tions is entertained, requires a thorough knowledge of 

 the most suitable kinds for the purpose and the ability 

 to bring them to the highest state of perfection. The 

 methods are not very different from those employed 

 in the production of high-grade commercial blooms. 

 The most successful growers usually propagate earlier, 

 and if grown on benches they are also planted earlier 

 to secure all the vigor possible. The finest blooms are 

 those produced on the private estates, where one man 

 has charge of a few hundred plants, giving them his 

 undivided attention, so that every need is provided at 

 the proper time. During the past few years, the major- 

 ity of such expert growers have adopted a system of 

 growing in pots, each plant restricted to one bloom, 

 which is practically the same method as the one used 



956. Terminal 

 after the disbudding 

 operation. 



throughout England for many years. Here they are 

 kept under glass the entire season, while in England 

 the climate permits them to be grown out-of-doors 

 during the summer months. By this method, the 

 roots are more closely confined, which has a tendency 

 to produce short-jointed plants with stronger stems, 

 and gives the grower perfect control, so that each 

 variety may be treated accord- 

 ing to its needs, especially 

 when liquid fertilizers are nec- 

 essary to promote the maxi- 

 mum in size and finish. The 

 other factors necessary to the 

 successful exhibitor are full 

 consideration of the require- 

 ments of the schedules, so as 

 to select the best varieties for 

 the various classes, and a com- 

 plete knowledge of packing 

 and staging the blooms. Dur- 

 ing the past decade, those 

 originating new varieties have 

 scrutinized more closely in 

 making a decision, and, as the 

 commercial and exhibition 

 varieties are considered from 

 an entirely different standpoint, these two sections are 

 drifting farther and farther apart. Size is the foremost 

 quality from the exhibition point of view. 



At the present time (1912), the varieties generally shown in 

 prize-winning exhibits are: White. Beatrice May, Lady Car- 

 michael, Merza, Mrs. David Syme, Naomah, Wm. Turner. Yellow. 

 F. S. Vallis, Lenox, Mrs. Geo. Hunt, Mrs. J. C. Neill, Yellow 

 Miller. Pink. Lady Hopetoun, M. Loiseau-Rousseau, Mrs. C. H. 

 Totty, O. H. Broonhead, Wm. Duckham, Wells' Late Pink. 

 Bronze. Glenview, Harry E. Converse, Mrs. O. H. Kahn, Mrs. H. 

 Stevens. Red. J. W. Molyneux, Pockett's Crimson, W. Wood- 

 mason. 



A few of the commercial section are suitable for this purpose, 

 especially when the schedule calls for twelve or more blooms of a 

 kind for one vase and at exhibitions at which artificial supports 

 are prohibited. The best are as follows: White. Lynnwood Hall, 

 Timothy Eaton, Chadwick Improved, Mrs. Jerome Jones. Yellow. 

 Col. D. Appleton, Golden Eagle, Golden Wedding, Yellow Eaton, 

 Golden Chadwick, Major Bonnaffon. Pink. Dr. Enguehard, 

 Mayor Weaver, Maud Dean. Red. Dick Witterstaetter, Geo. W. 

 Childs. 



Section VI. Culture of chrysanthemums out-of-doors. 



The kinds most suitable for out-of-door culture are 

 those making abundance of rhizomes or underground 

 stems, which withstand the winter and furnish the 

 new growths for the successive years. The Pompons 

 are more hardy than the large-flowering sorts, and, as 

 hardiness is of vital importance to those interested in 

 this subject, especially north of the Ohio River, it 

 should be fully considered in selecting for this purpose. 

 It is more practicable to choose varieties which perfect 

 their flowers early, during August, September and 

 October when grown in the northern states, as the buds 

 are less likely to "be injured while in a soft growing 

 state by frost. In the South many of the later varieties 

 will live over and be satisfactory, owing to the contin- 

 uance of mild weather. In the past few years, some 

 improvements in this section have been attained, many 

 of which are the results of crosses between the Pom- 

 pons and the large-flowering Japanese, in which the 

 progeny have combined the hardiness and dwarf habit 

 of the former with the larger and more irregular-formed 

 flowers of the latter, producing aster-like flowers rather 

 than the symmetrical form of the pompons. All of the 

 types may be successfully grown out-of-doors if provi- 

 sion is made to protect the bud, blooms and roots from 

 severe frost. A temporary covering of cloth or sash in 

 early autumn will protect the blooms, but the roots 

 will require artificial heat or should be removed to the 

 greenhouse or frame where the temperature can be 

 maintained a few degrees above freezing. In growing 

 exhibition blooms out-of-doors, all the important 

 details, such as watering, airing, disbudding, feeding, 



