766 



CHRYSANTHEMUM 



staking and tying, must be complied with, if the 

 grower expects to be rewarded for his efforts. 



The oldest of the outdoor types are the Pompons, 

 which produce from forty to one hundred buttons an 

 inch or two across, with short and regular rays. Such 

 plants can be left outdoors all winter. 



Since the large - flowering or Japanese types have 

 come in, numberless attempts have been made to grow 

 them outdoors, but with poor results. The greenhouse 

 varieties are not so hardy. In the North they are likely 

 to be killed by the winter. Their flowers usually lack 

 in size, depth and symmetry, largely because there are 

 more of them on a plant than a florist allows for his 

 best blooms, but chiefly because they do not have so 

 much care in general as is given to plants under glass, 

 where space is precious. For the very best results, 

 chrysanthemums must be flowered under glass, and 

 they need the greatest care and forethought practi- 



957. Suggestion for protecting chrysanthemums that are to bloom outdoors. 



cally all the year round. Half-way measures are unsat- 

 isfactory. Thus it happens that the Japanese varieties 

 are usually unsatisfactory out-of-doors, and the Pom- 

 pons are chosen by those who can give very little care 

 to plants and would rather have many small flowers 

 than a few large ones. This also partly explains why 

 no two dealers recommend anything like the same list 

 of Japanese varieties for outdoor culture. Neverthe- 

 less, it is possible to grow excellent flowers 4 and 5 or 

 even 6 inches across outdoors, but it requires staking, 

 disbudding, and some kind of temporary protection, as 

 of a tent or glass, during frosty weather. Fig. 957 

 shows a cheap and simple structure of coldframe sashes 

 resting on a temporary framework. In severe weather 

 a canvas curtain can be dropped in front, and the win- 

 dow of a warm cellar in the rear opened to temper the 

 air. For general outdoor culture, however, when no 

 special care is given to the plants, the Japanese kinds 

 are usually less satisfactory than the Pompons. These 

 Pompons are a much-neglected class since the rise of 

 the large-flowered Japanese kinds, but they are unlike 

 anything else in pur garden flora. Their vivid and 

 sometimes too artificial colors harmonize with nothing 

 else at Thanksgiving time, and they are so strong and 

 commanding that they should have a place by them- 

 selves. It is not uncommon for the flowers to be in 

 good condition even after several light falls of snow, 

 and they may be considered the most resistant to frost 

 of any garden herbs. In fact, their peculiar merit is 

 blooming after the landscape is completely desolated 

 by successive frosts. The flowers are not ruined until 

 their petals are wet and then frozen stiff. They are 

 essentially for mass effects of color, and great size is 

 not to be expected. Masses of brown and masses of 

 yellow, side by side, make rich combinations. The 

 whole tribe of crimsons, amaranths, pinks, and the 



CHRYSOGONUM 



like, should be kept by themselves, because their colors 

 are variable and because they make a violent contrast 

 with yellow, which few persons can find agreeable. 



WILHELM MILLER. 

 ELMER SMITH.! 



CHRYSOBACTRON (golden wand, from the Greek). 

 Liliacese. Two New Zealand rhizomatous herbs, usually 

 classed with "bulbs" by gardeners, bearing many small 

 yellow fls. in a long raceme on the top of an elongated 

 scape: plant often dioecious or polygamous: perianth 

 6-parted, the segms. nearly equal; stamens 6: caps. 

 3-ceLled and 3-valved. The genus is now commonly 

 united with the S. African Bulbinella, the combined 

 species becoming 13 or 14. C. HoSkeri, Colenso 

 (Bulbinella Hobkeri, Benth & Hook., now the accepted 

 name. Anthericum Hobkeri, Colenso)is in cult, in this 

 country. It is a hardy plant 2-3 ft. high, with sword- 

 like foliage: fls. Kin. diam., bright yellow, perfect, on 

 slender pedicels, the segms. linear-oblong, 

 and obtuse and spreading. B.M. 4602. Cult, 

 in the ordinary border, and treated like the 

 asphodel, they do well. But they are im- 

 proved in rich, deep and rather moist soil; 

 strong clumps, 4-6 years old, are then at 

 their best and are very excellent plants. 

 After that they should be divided. Prop, by 

 division or seed. Blooms in June and July. 

 J. B. KELLER and L. H. B. 



CHRYSOBALANUS (golden acorn, from 

 the Greek, referring to the fruit). Rosacese. 

 Bushes or trees, planted far south for orna- 

 ment; fruit often edible. 



Leaves thick and coriaceous, entire, gla- 

 brous: fls. white, rather small, in axillary or 

 terminal short cymes; calyx 5-parted; petals 

 5, clawed; stamens 15 to many, some of them 

 perhaps sterile: fr. a dryish-pulpy drupe, with 

 stone pointed at base and ridged. Two spe- 

 cies in tropics of Amer. and Afr., reaching 



Fla., and another one in S. U. S. 



Icaco, Linn. COCOA-PLUM. ICACO. On coasts and 

 along streams in S. Fla., to S. Amer., and also in Afr., 

 and is sometimes planted in the extreme S. (and in 

 the tropics) as an ornamental shrub and for its sweet- 

 ish but insipid and dry plum -shaped frs. which are 

 sometimes used for preserves. It is a mere bush on 

 the northern limits of its distribution, and on eleva- 

 tions, but in extreme S. Fla. it reaches a height of 25- 

 30 ft. Lvs. glossy, thick, obovate (sometimes obcor- 

 date): fls. small and white, in axillary erect racemes 

 or cymes; calyx 5-cleft, pubescent; petals 5; stamens 

 about 20: fr. ' 1-seeded, 1-1 iH? in. long, varying from 

 nearly white to almost black, globular or nearly so. 

 Wood close-grained and heavy, hard, brown or reddish. 

 It is best prop, by seeds, but may also be had from 

 cuttings of half-ripened wood. C. pellocdrpus, Meyer, 

 the small-fruited cocoa-plum, is a smaller plant, with 

 smaller Ivs., petals spatulate, drupe oboyoid or 

 oblong, about half the size of .that of C. Icaco; it grows 

 in extreme S. Fla. and farther south; probably not 

 planted. C. oblongifblius, Michx., occurs from Ga. to 

 Fla. and Miss. It is a low shrub, spreading widely by 

 means of underground sts.: If .-blades longer than 

 broad, sharp- tipped : fr. ovoid or obovoid, about 1-1 J^ 

 in. long: not in cult. L. H. B. 



CHRYS6COMA: Linosyris, 

 CHRYS6DIUM : Elaphoglossum. 



CHRYSOGONUM (Greek-made name, golden knee 

 or joint). Compdsitae. A few composites, of which 

 C. virginanum, Linn., is a perennial yellow-fld. plant of 

 S. Pa. and south; sometimes cult, as a border plant. 

 It blooms in spring or early summer on sts. which 

 become 1 ft. high, the heads being solitary and pedun- 



