CHRYSOGONUM 



CHUFA 



767 



cled in the axils or some of them terminal: Ivs. oppo- 

 site and basal, ovate and mostly obtuse, crenate. Prop, 

 by creeping rootstocks and runners. Of little merit 

 horticulturally. 



CHRYSOPHYLLUM (Greek, golden leaf, in reference 

 to the color of the under surface of the leaves). Sapo- 

 tacese. Handsome trees, grown far south for fruit and 

 for ornament. 



Juice milky: Ivs. alternate, thick and stiff, usually 

 shining and copper-colored or golden beneath with 



silky pubescence, with many parallel cross- veins: fls. 

 small, sessile or stalked, clustered at the nodes or in 

 the axils; calyx mostly 5-parted; corolla tubular-cam- 

 panulate or somewhat rotate, mostly 5-lobed, without 

 appendages; stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, 

 and staminodia 0; ovary 5-10-celled: fr. fleshy and 

 usually edible, 1- to several-seeded. About 60 spe- 

 cies in tropics, the larger part American. 



The various species of Chrysophyllum have beautiful 

 broad green leaves, with under surfaces of a silky tex- 

 ture, varying in color from a silvery white through 

 golden to a russet-brown, and are well worth a place 

 in the conservatory as ornamental trees. By giving 

 them sufficient room, they will bear fruit in the course 

 of a few years, under glass, which in the case of C. 

 Cainito, the star-apple of tropical America, is edible, 

 and well liked even by people of a temperate clime. All 

 species are strictly tropical, and cannot be grown where 

 frosts occur unless properly protected. Propagation is 

 ordinarily effected by seed, which readily germinate if 

 planted when fresh, and it is stated that all species may 

 be grown from cuttings of well-ripened shoots placed 

 in strong, moist heat. The soil most suited for their 

 growth is of a sandy character, and if not of a good 

 quality should be well manured, using a considerable 

 proportion of potash in the fertilizer for fruiting speci- 

 mens. They seem to do well on a great variety of soils, 

 however, that are sufficiently well drained, wet land 

 not agreeing with them. (E. N. Reasoner.) 



Cainito, Linn. STAR-APPLE. CAIMITO. Fig. 958. 

 Thick-headed evergreen, to 50 ft. : Ivs. oval or oblong, 

 silky-golden beneath : corolla-tube twice as long as the 

 calyx; stigma 8-10-crenate or -lobed; fls. purplish 

 white. W. Indies, Panama, Cenl. Amer. I.H. 32:567. 

 A.G. 11:405. The fr. is the size of an apple, symmet- 

 rically globular and smooth, hard ; a cross-section shows 

 the star-shaped core, whence the common name; it 

 varies from white to purple in color of skin and also of 

 flesh. The pulp is delicious (used uncooked) if the fr. 

 is allowed to remain on the tree until ripe. It has large, 

 pumpkin-like dark seeds. It is very impatient of frost. 



oliviforme, Lam. (C. monopyrenum, Swartz). 

 SATIN-LEAF. To 35 ft.: Ivs. like those of C. Cainito: 

 fls. white; stigma 5-crenate: fr. ovoid-oblong or oval, 

 1-seeded by abortion of ovules, blackish, 1 % in. long, 



said to be insipid. S. Fla. and S. B.M. 3303. Spa- 

 ringly transferred to grounds as an ornamental tree. 



imperiale, Benth. (Theophrdsta imperialis, Lind.). 

 Plant strict and simple, to 20 ft. or more, unarmed: 

 Ivs. obovate-oblong to oblong-oblanceolate, 3 ft. long, 

 on large plants very sharply serrate: fls. yellowish 

 green, small, in clusters along the trunk, the cluster 

 sessile but the fls. pedicellate; corolla rotate, 5-lobed, 

 thick: fr. 5-angled, nearly globular, size of a small 

 apple, with a hard thick flesh ; seeds 1 in. long and %in. 

 wide, compressed. Brazil. B.M. 6823. I.H. 21 : 184. 

 Gt. 1864:453. This species was grown 30 years before 

 its genus was determined, but upon flowering in Euro- 

 pean gardens it was found to be a Chrysophyllum (by 

 some referred to Martiusella, which see) . L. H. B. 



CHRYSOP6GON: Sorghastrum. 



CHRYSOPSIS (golden appearance, from the heads). 

 Compdsitx. Mostly low and hairy perennials, some- 

 times planted in borders: heads of medium size and 

 many-fld., usually with numerous yellow rays; involu- 

 cre bell-shaped or hemispherical, of imbricated nar- 

 row bracts: achenes compressed, bearing a pappus of 

 numerous hair-like bristles. About 20 species of Chry- 

 sopsis are known. Mex. and N. C. villosa, Nutt. (C. 

 Boldnderi, Gray), is one of the species in the trade. It 

 is widely distributed from 111., west, north, and south: 

 1-2 ft., grayish pubescent: Ivs. oblong to lanceolate, 

 entire or few-toothed: heads usually at the ends of 

 leafy branches, aster-like in shape. Extremely varia- 

 ble, and has several named forms. Mn. 7:101. Var. 

 Rutteri, Rothr., is larger and later. Of value as a 

 border plant. Cult, the same as aster. Perennials, but 

 bloom the first year from seed, if sown early. 



C. mariAna, Nutt. Differs from C. villosa in having corymbose- 

 paniculate fl. -clusters. E. N. Amer. Aug. -Sept. Offered by dealers 

 in native plants. It has showy yellow fls. and prefers dry sandy 



P laces - N. TAYLOR.f 



CHRYSOSPLENIUM (name from golden and 

 spleen, referring to some old medicinal tradition). 

 Saxifragacese. GOLDEN SAXIFRAGE. Low semi-aquatics, 

 sometimes used 

 in bog-planting. 

 C. americanum, 

 Schw., is a na- 

 tive plant creep- 

 ing in mud. Sts. 

 forking, bearing 

 roundish or cor- 

 date small 

 mostly opposite 

 Ivs., with very 

 small, nearly ses- 

 sile, greenish, in- 

 conspicuous fls. 

 Scarcely known 

 in cult, and, ex- 

 cept for wet 

 places where a 

 cover or carpet 

 is wanted, of no 

 value horticul- 

 turally. 



CHRYSURUS 

 CYNOSUROlDES: 



Lamarckia. 



CHUFA. The 



edible subter- 

 ranean tubers of 

 Cyperus escu- 

 lentus, Linn., 

 (which see) 

 much prized in 

 the South. Fig. 959. Chufa Cyperus esculentus. ( X M) 



