CICCA 



CINCHONA 



769 



CfCCA: Phyllanthus. 



CICER, (old Latin name for the vetch). Legu- 

 minosfe. Pea-like annual or perennial herbs, with 

 5-parted calyx, the lobes being nearly equal or 

 the 2 upper ones somewhat shorter and con- 

 nivent, oblong turgid 2-valved pod, mostly 1-fld. 

 peduncles, odd-pinnate Ivs. and toothed Ifts.: 

 standard ovate or nearly orbicular, wings obo- 

 vate and free, keel rather broad and incurved: 

 fls. white, blue or violet: terminal 1ft. often 

 represented by a tendril or spine. A dozen or 

 more species, with a Mediterranean- Asian range. 

 C. arietinum, Linn., the CHICK-PEA or GAR- 

 BANZO, is sometimes cult, in vegetable-gardens 

 for the edible ripe seeds. It is an annual and is 

 cult, the same as bush beans. It withstands dry 

 weather well. It grows 2 ft. high, making a 

 bushy, hairy plant; seeds are planted as soon 

 as warm weather comes, usually in drills, the 

 plants standing 8-12 in. apart. Lvs. with small, 

 roundish Ifts. : fls. white or reddish, small, axil- 

 lary. Seed roundish, but flattened on the sides, 

 with a projection on one side, shaped like a 

 miniature ram's head (hence the name arieti- 

 num, in vars. of red, black and white. Much 

 cult, in S. Eu. and Asia; and widely known in 

 Calif, and in Mex., and other Spanish-American 

 regions. The peas are eaten boiled, or 

 roasted like peanuts, often used for soup 

 or as a substitute for coffee; and some 

 kinds are used for horse-feed. It is a 

 promising crop for some purposes; yield 

 sometimes 500 to 1,000 Ibs. to the acre. 



L. H. B. 



CICHORIUM (from an old Arabic 

 name). Composite. Seven or eight herbs, 

 one of which is chicory and one endive. 

 Perennial, biennial or annual, branch- 

 ing and diffuse when in bloom, mostly 

 with deep hard roots, milky juice and 

 alternate Ivs., and sessile axillary and 

 terminal fl. -heads: fls. several to many in 

 the head, all ligulate and perfect, blue, 

 purple or white; involucre double; pap- 

 pus of bristle-like scales. Mostly in the 

 Mediterranean region and to Abyssinia. 

 Intybus, Linn. CHICORY. SUCCORY. 

 Fig. 962. Stout deep-rooted tall peren- 

 nial (3-6 ft.) : Ivs. broadly oblong, ob- 

 lanceolate or lanceolate, hairy, rapidly 

 becoming very small toward top of 

 plant so that the branches appear 

 nearly naked and wand-like, more or less 

 clasping and the lower ones runcinate: 

 fls. bright azure -blue, 1H in. or more 

 across, closing about noon; pappus about 

 8 times shorter than fr. July-Oct. 

 Now a widespread weed of hard road- 

 sides and fields, but producing one of 

 the clearest of light blues and worthy a 

 place in the fl.-garden. Recent experi- 

 ments promise attractive color forms. 

 For cult, for the root and for the salad 

 Ivs, see Chicory. 



Endivia, Linn. ENDIVE. Annual or 

 biennial: Ivs. many at the base, oblong, 

 lobed and cut, smooth: st. 2-4 ft., 

 branching, grooved: fls. pale blue; pappus 

 about 4 times shorter than fr. India; 

 but by some thought to be a derivative 

 of C. Intybus, or of C. divaricatum of the 

 Medit. region. For cult, as a salad plant, 

 see Endive. L. H. B. 



. CIMICIFUGA, Linn, (cimex, a bug;fugere, to 

 drive away). Ranunculacese . BUGBANE. Tall 

 hardy herbaceous perennials, ornamental, but 

 bad-smelling, suited for the back of plantings or 

 for partially shaded places in the wild garden. 

 The leaves and tall plants are admired in the 

 hardy border. 



Leaves large, decompound: fls. white,, in 

 racemes; sepals 2-5, petaloid, deciduous; petals 

 1-8, small, clawed, 2-lqbed or none: follicles 

 1-8, many-seeded, sessile or stalked; stigma 

 broad or minute. Allied to Actsea. About 10 

 species, natives of the north temperate zone, 

 practically all of which have been used in gardens. 

 Cimicifugas thrive in half shady or open 

 places in any good garden soil, but are much 

 taller and more showy if the soil is very black 

 and rich. Propagated by seeds and division of 

 roots in fall or early spring. Seeds should be 

 sown in cool moist soil soon after ripening. 



americana, Michx. (Actsea podocdrpa, 

 DC.). -Slender, 2-4 ft. high: Ivs. pale 

 beneath: fls. in elongated raceme; petals 

 2-horned; pedicels nearly as long as the 

 fl.: follicles 3 or 5, stalked; seeds in 1 

 row, chaffy; stamens and pistils usually 

 in same fl. Aug.-Sept. Moist woods 

 N. Y. and S. 



fdetida, Linn. Lvs. bipinnate, termi- 

 nal 1ft. 3-lobed: petals of the white fls. 

 often tipped with anthers; no stami- 

 nodia: follicles 3-5; seeds very chaffy. 

 Summer. Siberia. Following forms are 

 more commonly cult. 



racemdsa, Nutt. (C. serpentaria, 

 Pursh). Fig. 963. St. 3-8 ft. high: Ivs. 

 2-3 times 3-4-parted; Ifts. mostly ovate, 

 firm texture: racemes few, rigidly erect, 

 often becoming 2 ft. long: follicles rather 

 shorter than the pedicel, nearly ^in. 

 long, short style abruptly recurved. July, 

 Aug. Ga. to Canada and westward. 

 Intro. 1891. Gt. 13:443. Gn. 46, p. 

 269. G.C. II. 10:557; III. 48:218 

 Very pretty in fr., with its 2 rows of 

 oval follicles always extending upward 

 from the lateral branches. The com- 

 monest in gardens. Rhizome and roots 

 valued in medicine. 



Var. dissecta, Gray (C. spicata, Hort.). 

 Lvs. more compound than the type: 

 small white fls. closely packed on lateral 

 and terminal branches. Lasting until 

 Sept. Conn, to S. Pa. J.H. III. 33:381. 



Var. simplex, Regel (C. simplex, 

 Wormsk.). Tall and handsome: fls. 

 short-pedicelled, forming a fine, dense 

 raceme, and at first pubescent: follicle? 

 short-stalked. Kamtschatka. Gn. 67, 

 p. 8. Gn.W. 21: 115; 23:899. 



C. cordifttlia, Pursh. Lvs. very broadly ovate 

 or orbicular. U. S. B.M. 2069. C. dahiirica, 

 Hutt. Higher and more branched than former. 

 Cent. Asia. C. eldta, Nutt. (C. fcetida, Pursh. 

 Actsea Cimicifuga, Linn.). Used in medicine. 

 Ore., Wash. C. japonica, Spreng. 3 ft. high: 

 Ivs. very large. F.S. 22:2363 (as Pithyrosperma 

 acerinum). C. palmdta, Michx.=Trautvetteria 

 carolinensis, Vail. j_ Q_ DAVIS. 



CINCHONA (from the Countess Chin- 

 chon, wife of a Spanish Viceroy of Peru, 



CIENK6WSKIA: Kaempferia. 



962. Flowers of chicory. Cicho- 

 rium Intybus. ( X H)- A familiar 

 weed along roadsides in the east- 

 ern part of the country. 



use of Peruvian bark). Rubiacese. Plants 

 widely known as yielding a remedy, in 

 the bark, for malaria. 



