CINNA 



CIRRILEA 



773 



rachilla prolonged; lemma short-awned below the 

 apex. There are two species, C. arundinacea, Linn., 

 with contracted panicle, the spikelets 2H lines long, 

 (Dept. Agric., Div. Agrost. 7 : 140; 20 : 79) and C. latifolia, 

 Griseb. (C. pendula, Trin.), with open panicle, the 

 spikelets 2 lines long. Both species are native in cooler 

 parts of N. Amer. A. S. HITCHCOCK. 



CINNAMOMUM (the ancient Greek name). Laura- 

 cese. Evergreen trees and shrubs of Asia and Australia, 

 with aromatic leaves and wood, of which a few are cul- 

 tivated in the extreme southern United States. 



Leaves usually thick, mostly opposite, strongly 

 3-nerved or pinnate-nerved: buds not scaly (exception 

 in C. Camphora): fls. usually perfect, with 9 (or less) 

 perfect stamens in 3 unlike rows and a row of imper- 

 fect ones; perianth short-tubed, segms. 6 and nearly 

 equal: fr. a small 1-seeded berry, in the cup-like 

 perianth. Upward of 50 species, among which are 

 plants yielding cinnamon (C. zeylanicum) , camphor 

 (C. Camphora), cassia-bark (C. Cassia), and other 

 aromatic and medicinal products. Various species may 

 be expected in collections of economic plants,_ but 

 most of them are not strictly horticultural subjects. 

 It is not known whether some of the species in cult, in 

 this country are passing under the proper names; pos- 

 sibly C. Tamala, Fr. Nees, widely distributed in the Far 

 East, may be confused in our cultures. 



The genus Cinnamomum embraces tropical and 

 semi-tropical shrubs and trees, which are mostly of 

 economic value, and in one or more cases are valuable 

 shade trees for lawn and street planting. The leaves 

 are evergreen, usually of a rich shining green, and in C. 

 Camphora have a silvery blue color on the under sur- 

 faces. C. Camphora, the camphor tree, is hardy in the 

 lower Gulf states, and is now being extensively planted, 

 both for shade and extraction of gum. C. Cassia is not 

 quite so hardy, but withstands a temperature of 20 

 F. without injury, and has been planted in Florida for 

 manufacture of its various products, oil, gum, buds 

 and cinnamon bark. C. zeylanicum, is likely to be 

 extensively grown in Mexico and the West Indies. 

 The various species are usually propagated by seeds, 

 which are sown as soon as ripe in a shaded bed, the 

 seedlings being transplanted when very small into pots 

 and kept thus growing until permanent planting out. 

 The species, without exception, are very difficult to 

 transplant from the open ground, and hence pot- 

 grown plants are almost a necessity. Cuttings of half- 

 ripened wood of some species may be rooted in the 

 spring in moderate heat, following the usual method of 

 preparation, and planting in coarse sand. The soil best 

 suited to cinnamomums in general, and C. Camphora 

 in particular, is sandy loam, although a heavy loam, 

 when well prepared, answers fairly well. The sandy 

 soil of Florida, when moderately manured, suits all 

 species so far tried admirably. (E. N. Reasoner.) 



Camphdra, Nees & Eberm. (Camphora officindrum, 

 Nees. Laurus Camphdra, Linn.). CAMPHOR TREE. 

 Stout tree with enlarged base, to 40 ft.: Ivs. alternate, 

 ovate-elliptic, acuminate, not large or very thick, pink- 

 ish on the young growths, with a pair or more of strong 

 side veins: buds scaly: fls. small, yellow, in axillary 

 panicles; perianth membranaceous : fr. a drupe the size 

 of a large pea. China, Japan. B.M. 2658. A handsome 

 dense-topped tree when young, becoming bare below 

 with age; withstands some frost. The young growth is 

 very attractive. It is hardy in central peninsular Fla., 

 where it thrives well if attention is given to fertilizing 

 and cultivating; it does not thrive in wet soils. Cam- 

 .phor is a common roadside planting in S. Calif. Com- 

 merical camphor is extracted from the wood. 



zeylanicum, Nees. CINNAMON TREE. Small tree 

 (20-30 ft.): Ivs. very stiff, 4-7 in. long, ovate to lance- 

 ovate, glossy, 3-5-nerved, obtuse or somewhat acute, 

 reticulate on under side: fls. small (J^in. long), yellow- 



white, in loose somewhat silky clusters, which often 

 exceed the Ivs.: fr. %in. long, dry, pointed. India, 

 Malaya, and widely dispersed in tropical countries as 

 a cult, plant. B.M. 2028. L.B.C. 1:91. Variable; and 

 many forms have been described. 



Cassia, Blume. CASSIA-BARK TREE. Handsome 

 tree: Ivs. stiff, 3-6 in. long, oblong to nearly lanceolate, 

 long-acuminate, glossy, 3-ribbed; petiole slender: fls. 

 very small, in terminal or axillary silky-tomentose 

 panicles 3-6 in. long: fr. size of a pea. China. Young 

 branches somewhat 4-angled. Hardy and successful in 

 central peninsular Fla. (Nehrling), thriving best in 

 moist and rich land, and making specially fine specimens 

 near residences where now and then it receives applica- 

 tions of fertilizer and water. 



pedunculatum, Presl. Glabrous tree: Ivs. thick, 

 oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved, glossy above; 

 petiole to %in. long; blade 2-5 in. long and somewhat 

 glaucous or areolate beneath: fls. very small (Min. or 

 less long), in axillary corymbs that about equal the 

 Ivs.; perianth glabrous outside and whitish-puberulent 

 inside, the lobes oval-obtuse: berry globose-ovoid, 

 J4in. long. Japan. This species is said to have been 

 intro. at Los Angeles some 35 years ago, where a hand- 

 some tree still exists, seedlings of which are to be found 

 in other parts of S. Calif. In central peninular Fla., this 

 species and C. Lourierii are hardy and attractive, thriv- 

 ing particularly well in rich and rather moist land. 



Loureirii, Nees. CASSIA-FLOWER TREE. Middle- 

 sized tree, glabrous: Ivs. opposite or alternate, rigid, 

 elliptic or oblong, attenuate-acuminate; petiole to 

 Kin. long, the blades 3-5 in. long: fls. very small (there 

 is a variegated-lvd. form). China, Japan. Perhaps a 

 form of the last, with nerves on upper side of If. less 

 prominent or sunken, and other minor differences. 



L. H. B. 



CINNAMON FERN: Osmunda. 

 CINNAMON VINE: Dioscorea. 

 CINQUEFOIL: PotentiUa. 



CIPURA (origin of name unexplained). Iridacese. 

 Four Trop. American bulbous plants, rarely grown 

 under glass. Allied to Nemastylis: fls. with 6 parts or 

 petals, the inner 3 being much smaller, white or light 

 blue, borne in terminal heads, short-tubed. The 

 only species likely to be in cult, is C. paludosa, Aubl., 

 with white fls. and radical linear-lanceolate Ivs.; bulb 

 conical-globose. B.M. 646 (as Marica). Prop, by seeds 

 and offsets; to be kept on the dry side through winter. 



(Circe, the enchantress). Onagracess. 

 ENCHANTER'S NIGHTSHADE. Six or seven herbs of low 

 or moist woods in North America and other temperate 

 and cold regions of the northern hemisphere, two of 

 which have been offered for growing in shady places and 

 about garden bogs. 



Perennials, small and soft: Ivs. opposite and stalked: 

 fls. perfect, small, and white, in terminal and lateral 

 racemes; calyx-tube hairy, prolonged beyond the ovary, 

 2-lobed; petals 2, notched: fr. a small, bristly bur. 

 They are interesting little plants, but not showy. Of 

 easy cult, in shady, damp spots. 



Lutetiana, Linn. Erect and branching, 1-3 ft., the 

 st. swollen at the nodes: Ivs. ovate-acuminate, more or 

 less rounded at the base, somewhat toothed: pedicels 

 slender, reflexed in fr.: fr. 2-celled, bristly. Woods, E. 



pacifica, Aschers & Mag. From 6-12 in., from a little 

 tuber; smaller than the above, Ivs. less acuminate, fls. 

 smaller, fr. 1-celled and less bristly. Wyo., west. 



L. H. B. 



CIRRHflSA (from Cirrhus, a tendril). Orchidaceae. 

 About a half-dozen Brazilian orchids, of no special im- 

 portance, one of which, C. viridipurpurea, Lindl., is 

 sparingly offered abroad, and two or three others of 



