782 



CITRUS 



nurserymen as the tree makes an excellent stock for 

 very poor sandy or calcareous soils. See Lemon. 



3. aurantif olia, Swingle (Limbnia aurantifolia, Christ- 

 mann. C. Limetta . Auct. not Risso). LIME. A small 

 tree, with rather irregular branches: spines very sharp, 

 short, stiff: Ivs. small, 2-3 in. long, elliptic-oval, crenate, 

 rather pale green; petioles distinctly but narrowly 

 winged: fls. small, white in the bud, occurring in few- 

 fld. axillary clusters; petals white on both surfaces; 

 stamens 20-25; ovary rather sharply set off from the 

 deciduous style: fr. small, oval or round-oval, 1 1 A-2 1 A 

 in. diam., often with a small apical papilla, with 10 

 segms., greenish yellow when ripe; peel prominently 

 glandular-dotted, very thin; pulp abundant, greenish, 

 very acid; seeds small, oval, smooth, white inside. 

 The lime is perhaps the most sensitive to cold of any 

 known species of Citrus. Even a few days of moder- 

 ately warm weather in winter suffice to force it into a 

 tender and succulent growth that is killed by the 

 slightest frost. It is found in all tropical countries, 

 often in a semi-wild condition. It is cult, in the warm- 

 est parts of Fla., especially on the Keys. Large quan- 

 tities of the fr., picked when still green and often not 

 full-sized, are packed in barrels and shipped to the 

 cities of the N. U. S., where they are extensively used 

 for making limeade. Large quantities of bottled lime 



J'uice are exported from Montserrat and Dominica 

 sis. in the W. Indies, and used on shipboard for pre- 

 venting scurvy. Limes are too thin-skinned to keep 

 well and are not processed as are lemons. It is usually 

 prop, from seed rarely from cuttings. The principal 

 varieties grown in the U. S. are: Mexican (West Indian). 

 Frs. small, smooth, often with a slight apical papilla; 

 seeds few: tree small, very spiny, usually branching 

 from the base. This variety, almost always grown 

 from seed, is the only one planted on any considerable 

 commercial scale. Tahiti (Persian?) . Frs. large, smooth, 

 with a broad apical papilla; seedless, about the size and 

 shape of an ordinary lemon: poor keepers. See Lime. 

 Hybrids: Sweet (C. limetta, Risso ?). Frs. about the 

 size of a lemon, with a sweet and insipid pulp. Com- 

 monly grown in the W. Indies and Cent. Amer. Lime- 

 quats are new hardy hybrids between the common 

 Mexican lime and a kumquat; these hybrids vary 

 much in size, shape and flavor, but some are about the 

 size of a lime and have abundant very acid pulp. See 

 description under Limequat. 



4. grandis, Osbeck (C. Aurdntium var. grdndis, Linn. 

 C. Aurdntium var. decumdna, Linn. C. decumdna, 

 Linn.). GRAPEFRUIT (or POMELO). SHADDOCK. 

 PUMMELO. Fig. 975. A large round-topped tree, 

 with regular branches: spines, if present, slender 

 and flexible, rather blunt: Ivs. large, 



dark glossy green above, oval or 

 elliptic-oval, with a broadly rounded 

 base; petiole broadly winged, more or 

 less cordate: fls. axillary, borne singly 

 or in clusters, large, white in the bud; 

 petals white on both sides; stamens 

 20-25, with large linear anthers; ovary 



lobose, sharply delimited from the 

 eciduous style: fr. very large, 4-6 

 in. diam., globose, oblate spheroid or 

 broadly pear-shaped, smooth, with 11- 

 14 segms., pale lemon-yellow when 

 ripe, peel %-Kin. thick, white and 

 pithy inside; seeds usually very numer- 

 ous, large, flattened and wrinkled, 

 white inside. The grapefruit (or po- 

 melo) is now one of the most appre- 

 ciated citrous frs. grown in the U.S. The 

 culture of this delicious fr. was limited 

 to the Fla. pioneers until some 25 years 975. citrus 

 ago, when the first commercial planta- grandis. 



tions were made. Since then, there has ( xf ) 



CITRUS 



been a steady increase in the area devoted to this fr. in 

 Fla., and plantings have been made in Calif., Ariz., and 

 the West Indies. The pummelo of India, called shaddock 

 in Fla., is not grown on a commercial scale, but occurs 

 in many tropical countries. The grapefruit is usually 

 served as a breakfast fr. cut in half and seeded. It is a 

 vigorous grower, even on light sandy loam soils and is 

 coming increasingly into use as a stock upon which to 

 graft other citrous frs. The young trees are tender, but 

 the mature ones are well protected by a dense canopy of 

 Ivs. and may stand more cold than an orange tree. The 

 grapefruit is much like the orange in its ability to 

 resist cold and is much less easily forced into a new 

 growth by a few warm days in winter than the lime or 

 lemon. The varieties of grapefruit grown in the U. S. 

 have almost all originated in Fla., where the early 

 settlers prop, this tree from seed, thereby originating 

 many slightly different varieties, the more important 

 of which are listed here: Duncan. Fr. large, keeps 

 well on the tree, seeds few: tree rather hardy. Hall 

 (Silver Cluster). Frs. medium size, produced in large 

 clusters; seeds numerous. Triumph. Fr. small or 

 medium size, early: tree rather tender. Does not suc- 

 ceed well when budded on sour orange stock. Mc- 

 Carty. Fr. large, late, borne singly; seeds numerous. 

 A variety recently found in the Indian River region of 

 Fla. Besides these standard varieties of grapefruit of 

 the Fla. seedling type a large number of other similar 

 varieties are cult, locally in the state, such as the 

 Bowen, Excelsior, Josselyn, Leonardy, Manville, May, 

 McKinley, Standard (or Indian River), Walters, and 

 many others. The following varieties differ more or 

 less widely from the old Fla. seedling type. Marsh. 

 Frs. large, depressed globose, often seedless; pulp 

 subacid, less bitter than in the other varieties. This 

 variety, though it originated as a seedling in Fla., is 

 best adapted to cult, in Calif., where many of the 

 ordinary Fla. varieties do not succeed well. Pernam- 

 buco. Frs. large, skin very smooth, light-colored, late; 

 seeds abundant. Intro, from Pernambuco, Brazil, to 

 the U. S. by the U. S. Dept. of Agric. The shaddocks 

 or pummelos are seldom cult, in the U. S. The Tresca 

 variety from the Bahama Isls. has large pyriform frs., 

 with pink flesh of good flavor and abundant seeds: the 

 tree is tender. A pummelo from near Canton, China, 

 is imported into San Francisco on a small scale by the 

 Chinese resident there. The frs. are pyriform, very 

 thick-skinned, not pink within; seeds numerous. 

 Some seedlings of this variety are to be found at various 

 points in Calif. They are very leafy and of vigorous 

 growth, and make excellent stocks upon which to graft 

 other citrous frs. Many other sorts of pummelos are 

 known from Asia and the Malayan Archipelago and 

 some have been intro. for trial by the 

 Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Intro- 

 duction of the U. S. Dept. of Agric. The 

 true grapefruit seems to be scarcely 

 known outside of U. S. and the W. In- 

 dies. See Grapefruit and Pomelo. 



5. Aurantium, Linn. (C. vulgdris, 

 Risso. C. Bigaradia, Risso. C. Aurdn- 

 tium var. Bigaradia, Hook. f.). SOUR or 

 SEVILLE ORANGE. Fig. 976. A medium- 

 sized tree, with a rounded top and 

 regular branches: spines long but flex- 

 ible and blunt: Ivs. light green when 

 young, medium-sized, 3-4 in. long, 

 tapering to the somewhat wedge- 

 shaped base, and more or less acumi- 

 nate at the tip; petiole broadly winged : 

 fls. medium-sized, axillary, single or 

 clustered, white in the bud ; petals white 

 on both sides, very fragrant; stamens 

 976. Citrus 20-24; ovary globular, sharply delimited 

 Aurantium. from the deciduous style : f r. 2 %-3 J4 m - 

 (xf) diam., globose, slightly flattened at the 



