784 



CITRUS 



CITRUS 



very tough; seedless : early midseason. The most famous 

 variety of oranges intro. from Bahia, Brazil, by Win. 

 Saunders of the U. S. Dept. of Agric. in 1870. Its cult, has 

 steadily extended in Calif, until it is the principal variety 

 grown there. It does not succeed well in Fla. Thomp- 

 son (Thompson's Improved Navel). A smooth-skinned 

 hard-fleshed variety found by A. D. Shamel to arise as 

 a mutation from the preceding, to which it is inferior 

 in quality though better in appearance. Australian. 

 Frs. large, coarse: tree vigorous, but a shy bearer. Also 

 found by Shamel as a variation of the Washington 

 Navel (Bahia). Surprise. Fr. medium-sized, rounded 

 or even slightly flattened, juicy, early, seedless. A 

 variety originated by E. S. Hubbard, of Fla. Double 

 Imperial. Fr. small or medium-sized, navel hidden; 

 pulp firm; seeds few or none. A Brazilian variety, said 

 to fruit well in Fla. when budded on trifoliate orange 

 stock. There are many other varieties of navel oranges 

 occasionally grown on a commercial scale. In Calif., 

 among others, Golden Nugget and Navelencia; in 

 Fla., Egyptian, Melitensis, and Sustain are known. 

 There are doubtless many more navel oranges which 

 should be tested. See Orange. Hybrids: Citranges are 

 hardy hybrids between the common sweet orange and 

 the trifoliate orange, Poncirus trifoliata. The principal 

 varieties are the Rusk, Morton, Col- 

 man, Savage, Cunningham and Saun- 

 ders. See description under Citrange. 



7. n6bilis, Lour. KING ORANGE. 

 Small trees, with slender twigs and 

 pointed Ivs., with very narrowly 

 winged or merely margined petioles: 

 fls. small, white; stamens 18-24: fr. 

 with a loose peel and a hollow pith; 

 seeds usually green inside. This spe- 

 cies comprises several well-marked 

 groups; the original C. nobilis of 

 Loureiro was undoubtedly something 

 very like the King orange, a medium- 

 sized tree with long upright branches, 

 with dark bark, having large depressed 

 globose fr. with a rough thick not 

 very loose skin; segms. usually 12-13; 

 seeds rather numerous, large like those 

 of a sweet orange, white inside. See W. 

 A. Taylor, Yearb. Dept. Agric. 1907, 

 pi. 34. This variety was found by 



Loureiro growing in Cochin China in 

 thfi ^^ ^ of th(j ^ century and 



was intro. into Amer. by Mrs. S. R. 

 Magee, of Riverside, Calif., in 1880, from Saigon, 

 Cochin China, which introduction became known as the 

 King orange. It has frs. of large size, very juicy, and 

 of delicious vinous flavor. Its rough skin seems to be 

 no obstacle to its ready sale at good prices. 



Var. delicidsa, Swingle (C. delicibsa, Tenore). 

 MANDARIN ORANGE. A small tree, with slender 

 branches, willow-like Ivs., with merely margined peti- 

 oles: fls. small: frs. depressed globose, bright orange-yel- 

 low or reddish orange, with a very loose peel; seeds 

 small, beaked, bright green within. This variety com- 

 prises the many varieties of Mandarin oranges, includ- 

 ing the so-called tangerine varieties. These are deli- 

 cious dessert frs., attractive in appearance and easy to 

 handle because of the loose skin and the easily separable 

 segms. Aside from the greater ease of preparing them 

 for the table, Mandarin oranges are used exactly as 

 are common oranges. The principal varieties grown 

 in the U. S. are the following: Mandarin (China, China 

 Mandarin, Willow-leaved). Fr. medium-sized, 2-3 

 in. diam., depressed-globose, early, orange-yellow; very 

 juicy; sweet; seeds abundant. Oneco. Fr. medium to 

 large, orange-yellow, midseason. Intro, from India in 

 1888. Tangerine (Dancy's Tangerine). Fr. red-orange, 

 medium size, depressed-globose, juicy; seeds rather 



978. 



Citrus ichangensis. 

 (Xf) 



abundant: midseason: tree of good size: Ivs. much 

 broader than those of the Mandarin variety. Other 

 Mandarin oranges are occasionally grown, especially 

 in Fla., such as the Beauty, Cleopatra, Kino Kumi, and 

 Mikado. Hybrids: Tangelos, are a striking new group 

 of citrous frs. Sampson, the first tangelo to be grown 

 commercially, was obtained by the writer in 1897 by 

 crossing the tangerine with Bo wen grapefruit; it is 

 unlike either parent in quality, being more like a choice 

 sprightly flavored sweet orange. Many other tangelos 

 are now being tested. See Tangelo. 



Var. unshiu, Swingle (C. nobilis subsp. genulna var. 

 unshiu, Makino). SATSUMA or UNSHIU ORANGE. A 

 small spineless tree, with a spreading dwarf habit: Ivs. 

 broad, abruptly narrowed toward the apex, with 

 strongly marked veins on both faces: fls. small, very 

 abundant: fr. depressed-globose, 2-3 % m - diam., deep 

 orange; pulp orange, very juicy, of a peculiar but 

 agreeable flavor; pith hollow; segms. 9-13; seeds often 

 lacking, when present only few in number, broadly 

 top-shaped, not beaked as in the Mandarin oranges, 

 greenish within. This very marked orange seems to 

 constitute a botanical variety distinct from the King 

 or the Mandarin oranges. It is commonly grown in 

 Japan, whence it was intro. into Fla. by Geo. R. Hall 

 in 1876, according to H. H. Hume, "Citrus Fruits and 

 Their Culture." p. 112. 1909. The Satsuma orange is 

 one of the hardiest of all edible citrous frs. Budded on 

 the trifoliate orange, it can be grown in many parts of 

 the Gulf Coast region, where all other citrous frs. 

 except citranges are killed by cold. The Satsuma can 

 be grown best on the trifoliate orange stock. It grows 

 on sweet stock but does not produce as much nor as 

 good fruit and is not so hardy. It makes only a stunted 

 growth on sour orange stock and soon dies. It cannot 

 be grown satisfactorily on light sandy land or on black 

 waxy lands with a marly subsoil where the trifoliate 

 orange does not grow well. It could be grafted on Rusk 

 citrange for the black waxy lime soils of Texas. 



8. mitis, Blanco. CALAMONDIN ORANGE. A small 

 tree, with upright branches: Ivs. broadly oval, pale 

 green below like those of_ kjimquat ; petiole narrowly 

 winged: fls. small, angular in the bud, borne singly at 

 the tips of the twigs: fr. small, depressed globose, deep 

 orange-yellow when ripe, loose-skinned; segms. 7-10, 

 easily separable; pulp very acid; seeds few, small. 

 This tree, a native of the Philippine Isls., is commonly 

 cult, in Hawaii, where it is wrongly called "China 

 orange." It was intro. into Fla. by the U. S. Dept. 

 of Agric. from Panama, and was for a time distributed 

 by nurserymen under the erroneous name of To-Kum- 

 quat. It is very hardy, probably as hardy as the Sat- 

 suma, or even more so. It can be budded on sour orange 

 or on trifoliate orange stock. A promising fr. for home 

 use, for culinary purposes and for making ade. 



9. ichangensis, Swingle. Fig. 978. A small tree, 

 with long slender spines: Ivs. narrow, with oblong 

 broadly winged petioles nearly or quite as large as the 

 blade: fls. white; stamens 20, cohering in bundles: fr. 

 lemon-shaped, 3-4 in. long, with a very broad low apical 

 papilla surrounded by a shallow circular furrow; segms. 

 8-11; pulp acid, of good flavor; seeds very large, thick, 

 cuneate-ovate, M-%in. l n g an d M~5Hi m ' thick, white 

 within. This interesting new species, not closely 

 allied to any other of the known members of the genus 

 Citrus, is native in highlands of S. W. China. It is 

 the northermost evergreen tree of the citrous group and 

 grows at high altitude, 3,000^,000 ft. It is able to 

 withstand considerable cold in winter, so it is very 

 likely to prove of value in breeding new types of hardy 

 substitutes for the lemon. E. H. Wilson, who col- 

 lected excellent material of this plant for the Arnold 

 Arboretum, is endeavoring to secure it for trial in TJ. S. 



C. bergamia, Risso. BERGAMOT. A small tree: Ivs. oblong-oval, 

 with long, winged petioles: fls. small, white, very fragrant: frs. 



