CITRUS 



CLARKIA 



785 



pyriform, 34 in. diam., thin-skinned, pale yellow when ripe; 

 pulp acid; seeds oblong, many. Extensively cult, in Calabria for 

 the essential oil which is expressed from the peel and used in making 

 Kan de Cologne and other perfumes. C. histrix, see Papeda. C. 

 jap6nica,aee Kumquat. C.taitensis, Risso. OTAHEITE ORANGE. A 

 dwarf plant, having lemon-like fls. and lemon-shaped fr. orange in 

 color with a mawkish taste. Commonly grown by florists as an orna- 

 mental pot-plant. Rarely used as a stock for'dwarfing common citrous 

 frs. This plant is not a native of Tahiti as the name would indicate, 

 but is probably of hybrid origin. C. <ri/oJiota=Poncirus trifoliata. 



GIVE: Chive. 



WALTER T. SWINGLE. 



CLADANTHUS (Greek, klados, branch, and anthos, 

 flower; alluding to the branching, which distinguishes 

 this genus from Anthemis). Compdsitx. An annual 

 yellow-rayed herb, sometimes planted in the open 

 garden. Plant branched from the base in a forking 

 manner; a fl. terminates each branch, whereupon 2 

 new branches start from directly beneath the fl. ; each 

 of these is temporarily stopped by a fl., and so on: 

 involucre hemispherical; receptacle conical or oblong, 

 with scales about fls; ray-fls. pistillate, disk-fls. per- 

 fect. One species; allied to Achillea and Anthemis. 



arabicus, Cass. (C prolifertis, DC. Anthemis ardbica, 

 Linn.). Glabrous, 2-3J^ ft. high: Ivs. alternate, pin- 

 nately parted; lobes linear, trifid: fl.-heads solitary, 

 bracted. S. Spain and Morocco. A free-flowering 

 heavy-scented plant of easy culture. L H. B.t 



CLADOTHAMNUS (klados, branch, and thamnos, 

 bush, from the Greek). Ericaceae. Shrubs, rarely cult, 

 for their handsome pink fls. Erect, with many virgate 

 branches: Ivs. deciduous, alternate, entire: fls. pink, 

 terminal, 1-3, nodding; corolla divided to the base or 

 nearly so into 5 oblong petals; stamens 10: caps. 5-6- 

 celled. One or 2 species in Pacific N. Amer., from 

 Alaska to Wash. Hardy, with handsome rather large 

 pink fls. in summer; rarely cult. They will probably 

 grow best in peaty and sandy soil, in a half-shady 

 position; prop, by seeds or by cuttings of soft wood 

 under glass, and by layers. 



C. pyrolxflbrus. Bong. Shrub, 4-10 ft.: Ivs. nearly sessile, obo 

 vate-lanceolate, mucronulate, glabrous, pale green, \Yi-^,Yi in. 

 long: fls. solitary, with 5 separate petals, 1 in. across. Alaska to 

 Ore. G.F. 10:215. B.M. 8353. C. campanuldtus, Greene. 

 According to Greene, this species differs from the preceding chiefly 

 in the petals being united at the base and the anthers opening 

 with a pore at the apex, and occurs in Wash., while C. pyrolseflorus 

 is restricted to Alaska, but the specimens from Ore. and Wash, do 

 not differ from C. pryolseflorus; possibly C. campanulatus was 



ALFRED REHDER. 



CLADRASTIS (Greek, brittle branch). Virgilia of 

 gardens. Leguminbsx. YELLOW- WOOD Trees grown 

 chiefly for their large panicles of white flowers and for 

 their handsome foliage. 



Deciduous: winter-buds naked, several super- 

 posed and concealed during the summer in the enlarged 

 base of the petiole: Ivs. alternate, odd-pinnate, with 

 few rather large entire short-stalked If ts. : fls. in long, 

 usually panicled racemes, white, papilionaceous; 

 calyx campanulate, 5-toothed; stamens 10, nearly 

 free: pod narrow-oblong, compressed, 3-6-seeded, with 

 thin membranous valves. Four species in N. Amer. 

 and E. Asia. Hardy ornamental trees of medium size, 

 with showy fls. and handsome foliage, turning bright 

 yellow in fall. They thrive in almost any soil. Prop, 

 by seeds, sown in spring, or by root cuttings, dug up in 

 fall and kept in sand or moss, moderately moist and 

 cool, until spring. 



l&tea, Koch (C. tinctoria, Raf. Virgilia lutea, 

 Michx.). Tree, with yellow wood and smooth bark, 

 sometimes 50 ft.: Ifts. 7-9, oval or ovate, glabrous, 

 bright green, 3-4 in. long: panicles loose, drooping, 

 10-20 in. long; fls. white, fragrant, over 1 in. long. 

 June. Ky., Tenn., and N. C. S.S. 3:119-20. B.M. 

 7767. Mich. Hist. Arb. III. 266. Gng. 2:401; 5:98. 

 F.E. 8:427. G.F. 1:92. Gn. 24, pp. 96-7; 34, p. 329. 

 G.C. III. 42:186-7. M.D.G. 1899:444-5. G.W. 12, p. 



397. V. 4:307. A.G. 15:270. One of the most beau- 

 tiful flowering native trees, with wide, graceful head 

 and a short trunk, well adapted as single tree on the 

 lawn. Hardy north to New England and Ont. The 

 wood yields a clear yellow dye. There is a var. aiireo- 

 variegdta with Ivs. variegated with yellow. 



sinensis, Hemsl. Tree, to 80 ft.: Ifts. 9-13, oblong 

 to oblong-lanceolate, usually rounded at the base, 

 yellowish green, pubescent beneath along the midrib, 

 2-4 in. long; rachis and petiole pubescent: fls. in 

 loose, upright, much- 

 branched pani- 

 cles, 5-12 in. long 

 and 4-8 in. across, 

 white or pinkish, 

 about ^in. long. 

 June, July. W. and 

 China. 



C. amurensis, 

 Koch = Maackia 

 amurensis. C. 

 platycdrpa, Makino 

 (S o p h o r a platy- 

 carpa, Maxim.). 

 Tree: Ifts. 9-15, 

 ovate to elliptic- 

 lanceolate, 2-3 Yi in. : 

 panicles broadly pyrami- 

 dal, upright; fls . Jiin. 

 long, white;standard with 

 yellow spot at the base: 

 pod narrowly winged. 

 Japan. S.I.F. 2:32. Very 

 rare in cult. C. Tashirdi, 

 Y a t a b e = Maackia Ta- 

 shiroi. C. Wilsonii, 

 Takeda. Tree, to 50 ft.: 

 Ifts. 7-9, elliptic-ovate to 

 ovate - oblong, usually 

 broadly cuneate at the 

 base: panicles upright, 

 5-8 in. long; fls. Viva. 

 long; ovary pubescent. 

 Cent. China. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



CLARKIA (Capt. 

 Win. Clark, com- 

 panion of Lewis, ex- 

 plorer of the Rocky 

 Mt. region and be- 

 yond, 1806). Ona- 

 grcicese. Flower - gar- 

 den annuals. 



Herbs, with alter- 

 nate mostly entire 

 Ivs., and showy fls. 

 in the upper axils or in terminal racemes: fls. regular, the 

 calyx tubular, the petals 4, narrow at the base and entire 

 or lobed, wide-spreading; stamens 8, the alternate ones 

 short or rudimentary; stigmas 4, large and spreading: 

 pod oblong or linear, 4-sided. Half dozen or more 

 species in W. N. Amer. See also Eucharidium. 



Clarkias are hardy annuals of easy cultivation. 

 They thrive in a warm, light soil, either fully exposed to 

 the sun or in partial shade. They are useful for low 

 masses or for edgings; also for vases and baskets. 

 They have been much improved by domestication. 



A. Stamens (8) all perfect: Ivs. broad. 



elegans, Douglas (C. unguiculata, Lindl. C. nerii- 

 fblia, Hort.). Fig. 979. From 1-6 ft. high, glabrous or 

 nearly so, the sts. reddish and glaucous, simple or 

 sparingly branched: Ivs. broad-ovate to linear, remote- 

 dentate: fls. purple or rose-colored, running into white 

 vars.; double forms in cult.; claw of the petal about as 

 long as its rhomboidal entire limb: caps, sessile. B.M. 

 3592. B.R. 1575. R.H. 1845:385. Mn. 1:22. One 

 of the commonest annual fls. 



rhomboidea, Douglas. Not so tall and more slender: 

 Ivs. thin, lance-oblong or ovate-oblong, entire: claw 



979. Clarkia elegans. ( X K) 



