CLAYTONIA 



CLEMATIS 



787 



virginica, Linn. Plant 4-8 in. long, often forcing an 

 irregular way through the leaf-mold of damp, rich 

 woods: Ivs. linear-lanceolate or linear, 2-6 in. long, 

 including the gradually tapering base: fls. larger and 

 more numerous than in C. caroliniana, whitish, tinged 

 with pinkish. Colo, to Atlantic and south to Gulf. 

 B.M. 941. L.B.C. 7:643. 



caroliniana, Michx. Lower and fewer-fld.: Ivs. 1-2 

 in. long, oblong, oblong-lanceolate, somewhat spat- 

 ulate, or even ovate-lanceolate, with a blade 1-2 in. 

 long, abruptly contracted into a marginal petiole: fls. 

 smaller than in the preceding and more deeply colored. 

 Minn, to Atlantic and south to mts. of N. C. Should 

 be grown only in cool places above 1,000 ft. 



lanceolata, Pursh. About 4 in. high: Ivs. oblong or 

 lanceolate, 1 A~^- 1 A in. long, the base broad or narrow; 

 petiole as long as the blade: raceme short-peduncled; 

 petals emarginate or almost obcordate. N. W. N. 

 Amer. Considered by some to be a mere form of the 

 preceding. WILHELM MILLER. 



N. TAYLOR.! 



CLEISOSTOMA (Greek, closed mouth, referring to 

 the structure of the spur). Orchiddcese. Epiphytic 

 orchids, adapted to the warmhouse. 



Stems leafy: Ivs. coriaceous, flat or nearly terete: 

 sepals and petals adnate to the column, spreading; 

 labellum with a large saccate spur; column short, 

 thick; ppllinia 2. From E. Asia and Austral. A genus 

 comprising in the neighborhood of 40 species, which sug- 

 gest Saccolabium. The plants are little known in 

 Amer. They require the treatment usually given 

 Aerides. The leading species are C. crassifdlium, 

 Lindl., from India, with small green rosy-lipped fls. in 

 nodding panicles, and thick recurved Ivs. 10 in. long. 

 J.F. 4:397; and C. rlngens, Reichb. f., Philippines, 

 with yellowish white purple-lipped fls. with orange spot 

 on side lobes, spur large, in few-fld. racemes: Ivs. 3^4 

 in. long. C. Dawsonidnum, Reichb. f., is a Trichoglottis; 

 C. multiflorum, Hort., is probably Aerides multiflorum. 

 C. secundum, Rolfe, a recent introduction from Burma, 

 has light rose-pink fls. that are turned sidewise, the 

 front lobe of the lip rose-purple, borne on a scape 3-4 

 in. long: Ivs. lance-oblong, about 4-5 in. long and Kin- 

 broad. 



CLEISTANTHUS COLLlNUS: Lebidieropsis. 



CLEISTOCACTUS (closed Cactus, referring doubt- 

 less to the peculiar flowers) . Cactdcese. Slender colum- 

 nar cacti, with few branches and many-ribbed: fls. 

 short and narrowly curved, orange-red; ovary covered 

 with small appressed bracts bearing hairs in their 

 axils; filaments somewhat exserted and grouped 

 together near the upper lip: fr. spineless; pulp white; 

 seeds slightly punctate. About 14 species have been 

 described in this genus. 



Baumannii, Lem. (Cereus Baumannii, Lem. C. 

 colubrinus, Otto). Sts. dark green, slender, flexuose, 

 columnar, reaching a height of 6 ft. and a diam. of 

 l-l}/2 in., the few branches ascending, slender, parallel 

 with the main st.: ribs 12-16, rounded: areoles close 

 together, brown: spines fine, slender, very sharp, 15-20, 

 fascicled, white to yellow or dark brown, about J^in. 

 long; sometimes a single one from the center reaches 

 a length of %in. : fls. numerous, tubular, zygomorphous, 

 2^-3 in. long by about Hin. diam. throughout, red 

 or sometimes with orange-red petals and red tube. 

 Uruguay, Paraguay and Argentina. j. N. ROSE. 



CLEMATIS (Greek name of a climbing plant). Ra- 

 nunculdcese. Familiar garden plants, prized for their 

 handsome and often very showy flowers followed in 

 many species by attractive feathery-tailed fruits. 



Climbing vines, or erect or ascending perennial 

 herbs, more or less woody: Ivs. opposite, mostly slender- 



petioled, usually pinnately compound, lobed, or in 

 some species entire and rarely sessile: sepals usually 4 

 or 5, sometimes more, valvate in the bud, rarely imbri- 

 cate, petaloid; petals none (or small in Atragene sec- 

 tion, usually considered as petaloid staminodes) ; sta- 

 mens many; pistils many: achenes in a head, 1 -seeded; 

 style persistent, long, plumose, silky or naked. Fig. 

 983. About 150 species of very wide geographical 

 distribution, most abundant in temperate regions. 

 About 20 species found native in N. Amer. and about 

 80 in E. Asia. Les Clematites, Alphonse Lavall6e, 

 Paris, 1884; referred to below by "Lav." The Clema- 

 tis as a Garden Flower, Thomas Moore and George 

 Jackman, London, 1872; referred to below by "M. & 

 J." Clematises, Dr. Jules le Bele, in Bull, de la Societe 

 d'Hort. de la Sarthe; republished in The Garden (vol. 

 53), June-Oct., 1898. O. Kuntze, Monogr. der 

 Gattung Clematis in Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 26 

 (1885). A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1:4-9, 1895. Finet & 

 Gagnepain, Contrib. Fl. As. Orient 1:1-42 (1905). 



The culture of clematises. (K. C. Davis.) 



A rich soil of a light, loamy character is the best for 

 clematises, and a little mixture of Lime will make it 

 better. The soil must be well drained, and must be 

 kept rich by at least annual applications of horse- or 

 cow-manure. On dry, hot soils cow-manure is best, 

 while on heavy soils a thorough dressing of rich leaf- 

 mold would best serve the purpose. Mulching with 

 half-rotted manure on the approach of winter tends 

 to increase the strength of the plants and the size of 

 the flowers. In dry seasons, spraying is always helpful 

 during the growing period. 



Clematises belonging to the Montana, Patens, Flor- 

 ida, and Lanuginosa types should be pruned in Feb- 

 ruary or March, by cutting away all weak, straggling 

 and overcrowded branches. The first three mentioned 

 flower from the ripened wood; it is essential, there- 

 fore, that in order to secure blossoms, enough of the 

 strong one-year-old wood should be retained. Viticella, 

 Jackmanii and Lanuginosa should be vigorously cut 

 back, say in November; they blossom from the new 

 shoots. Those of the Patens type should be pruned very 

 little, soon after the flowers have disappeared, by sim- 

 ply trimming off useless branches and seed-bearing 

 peduncles. 



Clematises of the vigorous climbing varieties are 

 used in many places to cover walls, root-fences, mounds, 

 arbors, balconies, trellises, small buildings, and, in 

 fact, many other places the ingenious gardener will 

 think of. For pot culture in the greenhouse, and for 

 conservatory walls, the less vigorous species are best 

 suited. All the many varieties and hybrids of the 

 Patens and Lanuginosa types, including Henryi and 

 the forms of Jackmanii, are well adapted to this use, as 

 well as for outdoor purposes. The dwarf er and more 

 bushy species are used in greenhouses to some extent, 

 but are found principally in borders or on large rock- 

 eries. Of the latter J. B. Keller says: "Their flowers are 

 not so large as we see them in most of the climbers, yet 

 they are indispensable in the flower-garden, being 

 prolific bloomers and free growers in ordinarily rich, 

 deep garden soil. There is room for improvement in 

 this class, however, and specialists, who hitherto have 

 done so much for the cumbers, ought to direct their 

 efforts now to the long-neglected bush clematises. A 

 noble beginning has been made, resulting in the large- 

 flowering C. Durandii, but we expect more of them in 

 the future." See special notes on culture and hybrid- 

 forming qualities after the descriptions of some of 

 the species and varieties. 



The most common method of propagation is by 

 grafting. Roots of C. Flammula or C. Viticella are 

 used; the cions are taken from plants that have been 

 grown under glass, and are used before the wood is 

 entirely ripe. Cions taken from plants grown in the 



