CLIANTHUS 



CLITORIA 



803 



slightly notched: fls. 8 or more in a raceme, crimson, 

 fading with age, at least 3 in. long. New Zeal. B.M. 

 3584. Cult, in eastern greenhouses, and a favorite 

 Californian outdoor shrub. Blooms all winter in 

 Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. A white-fld. form 

 has been grown in Calif., but is not so popular as the 

 type. It is commonly cult, in New. Zeal. Var. mag- 

 nificus, Hort. Clusters of bright scarlet fls. 



WILHELM MILLER. 

 N. TAYLOR, f 



CLIDEMIA (old Greek name). Melastomaceae, 

 About 100 Trop. American species of horticulturally 

 rather unimportant plants in a family famous for its 

 foliage plants. Lvs. broad, entire, 5-7-nerved, oppo- 

 site, petioled: fls. in panicles or axillary clusters, white, 

 pink, or purple; petals 5 or 6; stamens 10 or 12: 

 branching shrubs, mostly hairy. C. vittata, Lind. & 

 Andr6, has large, oval, pointed Ivs. with 5 strong 

 nerves, and a narrow band of white down each side 

 of the midrib. I.H. 22:219. R.H. 1876, p. 233. 



CLIFF BRAKE: Pellsea. 



CLIFTONIA (after Dr. Francis Clifton, an English 

 physician, d. 1736). Cyrillacese. BUCKWHEAT TREE. 

 Glabrous evergreen shrub or small tree, rarely cult, 

 for its early appearing racemes of white or pinkish 

 fragrant fls.: Ivs. alternate, short-petioled, without 

 stipules, entire: fls. in terminal racemes; sepals and 

 petals 5-8; stamens 10, shorter than the petals, the 

 filaments flattened below; ovary superior, 3-4-celled, 

 with a 3-4-lobed nearly sessile stigma: fr. indehiscent, 

 ovoid, with 3-4 wings and as many seeds. The only 

 species is C. monophylla, Sarg. (C. ligustrina, 

 Spreng. C. nilida, Gaertn. Mylocdryum ligustrinum, 

 Sims). Occasionally 50 ft. tall: Ivs. oblong-lanceolate, 

 obtuse, cuneate at the base, dark green above, 1)^-2 in. 

 long: racemes 1-23/2 in. long; fls. white or pinkish, fra- 

 grant, about J^in. across: fr. J^in. long. Feb., March; 

 fr. in Aug., Sept. Ga. to Fla. and La.; swamps. S.S. 

 2:52. B.M. 1625. Little known in cult, and now not 

 in the trade, but well worth cult, for its early, delicate 

 and fragrant fls.; also the buckwheat-like frs. are 

 attractive. Hardy as far north as Philadelphia. Thrives 

 best in humid sandy and peaty soil. Prop, by seeds 

 and probably like Cyrilla by cuttings of half-ripened 

 wood under glass with slight bottom heat. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



CLIMBERS are distinguished from twiners by having 

 some means of attachment, as tendrils or other special 

 devices, while twiners rise by twisting their stems round 

 their support. In a wider sense, the word is often used 

 synonymously with "vines," including all plants that 

 use other plants or other objects for support, by what- 

 ever mechanism or method. By "trailers," nurserymen 

 commonly mean low-growing vines, and by "climbers," 

 tall-growing vines. See Vines. 



CLIMBING FERN: Lygodium. Climbing Fumitory: Adlumia 

 fungosa. Climbing Hempweed: Mikania scandens. Climbing 

 Lily: Gloriosa superba. 



CLINOSTIGMA (Greek, inclined stigma). Pal- 

 mdceas, tribe Arecese. Low spineless palms with the 

 habit and somewhat the appearance of small kentias; 

 feather-leaved. 



Trunks not over 8 ft., usually conspicuously ringed: 

 Ivs. usually 3-4 ft. long, rarely more, and pinnate; Ifts. 

 scythe-shaped, or lanceolate, 2-parted or obliquely 

 truncate at the apex, not revolute at the base; rachis 

 scaly, convex beneath, grooved above: fls. monoecious 

 in the same spadix, sessile along its branches, the 

 male usually 2 together, the female solitary; spadix 

 long and usually much branched; in the male there are 

 3 imbricate outer segms. and 3 valvate inner segms. to 

 the perianth, with 6 stamens surrounding an abortive 

 ovary: fr. obliquely globular. Species 3, one from 



Austral., one from Samoa, and another from Fiji. Only 

 the following is known in cult., and it is a rare palm. 

 Its graceful Ivs. and convenient dwarf habit should 

 commend it to the trade. For cult, see Kentia. 



Mooreanum, F. Muell. (Kentia Mooredna, F. Muell.). 

 Dwarf palm, 3-4 ft. high: Ivs. 3-4 ft. long; segms. 

 numerous, about 1 ft. long, longitudinally plicate when 

 young: spadix at first closely sessile, very much 

 branched when older. New S. Wales, confined to Lord 

 Howe's Isl. This graceful and recent palm resembles 

 Howea Forsteriana somewhat in habit of growth, but 

 its arching Ivs. spread wider, and its sts. are dark pur- 

 plish, and its pinnae tough and leathery. The palm is 

 free and clean in growth. jq-. TAYLOR 



CLINTONIA (after DeWitt Clinton, the famous 

 Governor of New York and promoter of the Erie Canal). 

 Liliacese. A small group of low-growing, herbaceous 

 plants of North America and Asia, with a few tufted, 

 broad shining leaves, and usually umbels of flowers. 



Perianth -segms. equal or nearly so; stamens 6, 

 inserted at the base of the perianth-segms. : ovary 2-3- 

 celled with 2 to several ovules in each cavity: fls. on 

 scapes: root-stocks slender: fr. a globose or oval berry. 

 For C. pulchella and other species of the abandoned, 

 genus Clintonia of Hort., see Downingia a very different 

 genus belonging to Campanulacese. 



Clintonias grow in cool, moist woods, and fanciers 

 can secure them from some dealers in native plants. It 

 is difficult to tell the species apart by the leaves. 



A. Scape bearing an umbel of fls. 

 B. Fls. greenish yellow. 



borealis, Raf . Height 1-2 ft. : fls. 3-6, nodding, green, 

 margined yellow. Labrador to Winnipeg and south to 

 N. C. B.M. 1403 (as Smilacina borealis) . This is 

 one of the choicer plants of cool, moist woods, known 

 to plant lovers chiefly by its handsome umbels of blue 

 berries found in autumn, which are borne above the 

 large, dark green, shining Ivs. The commonest species, 

 but not easily grown below elevations of 1,000 ft. 



BB. Fls. white, with green spots. 



umbellulata, Torr. Fls. 10-20 or more, smaller than 

 in C. borealis, erect or nearly so, white, with green or 

 purplish spots. Alleghany Mts. from N. Y. to Ga. B.M. 

 1155 (as Smilacina borealis). This species has the 

 smallest fls. of the group, and is the only one that has 

 but a single pair of ovules in each cell of the ovary. 



BBB. Fls. deep rose. 



Andrewsiana, Torr. One to 1H ft- high, bearing 4 

 sessile, oblong, acute Ivs., and 20 or more nearly erect 

 fls. which are in dense umbels. Calif., to S. Ore., in 

 deep, cool woods, in clayey soil rich in mold. B.M. 

 7092. The showiest of the group. Cult, to some 

 extent. 



AA. Scape bearing 1 white fl. 



unifldra, Kunth. The only species in which the 

 scape is shorter than the Ivs.: fls. nearly erect; rarely 

 there are 2 fls.: Ivs. narrow, obovate-lanceolate, hairy. 

 Calif, to Alaska. WILHELM MILLER. 



N. TAYLOR.f 



CLITORIA (derivation recondite). Leguminbsse. 

 BUTTERFLY-PEA. Glasshouse vines with pea-like flow- 

 ers; and also hardy perennials. 



A widespread and variable genus of 30 species 

 allied to Centrosema, and characterized by the calyx- 

 tube being cylindrical and longer than the lobes: 

 standard narrowed at the base, not appendaged on the 

 back; stamens in one group, the anthers all alike; 

 style often bearded. The most important garden plant 

 is C. Ternatea, a warmhouse annual twiner, reaching 

 15 ft., and requiring no special cult. It has very showy 

 blue fls. 



