CLOVE PINK 



CLYTOSTOMA 



805 



CLOVE PINK: The carnation, Dianthus Caryophyllus. 



CLOVER. Species of Trifolium (Leguminosse), par- 

 ticularly those that are useful in agriculture. The 

 word is also applied to species of related genera, as 

 Medicago. The sweet clover is Melilotus. Bush and 

 Japan clover are Lespedezas. Prairie clover is a 

 Petalostemon. 



About 300 species of Trifolium have been described. 

 These are widely dispersed in temperate climates. The 

 flowers are papilionaceous but small, and are dis- 

 posed in dense heads or spikes. The leaves are digitately 

 or palmately 3-foliolate. The common European red 

 clover is T. pratense, Linn., now thoroughly naturalized 

 in North America, but supposed not to be native here. 

 It is valuable both for stock feed (as pasturage and hay), 

 and also as a green manure. As a manure crop, to be 

 plowed under, it is particularly useful because of its 

 deep root-system and its power (in common with other 

 leguminous plants) of fixing the nitrogen of the air by 

 means of its roots. Fig. 1001 illustrates the root sys- 

 tem. Fig. 1002 shows the root of a fifteen-months- 

 old plant that grew in hard clay soil. It is 22 inches 

 long, and some of the root was left in the ground. The 

 mammoth red clover (T. medium, Linn.) is perhaps an 

 offshoot of T. pratense. It is usually a larger plant, with 

 zigzag stem, entire and spotted leaflets, and longer- 

 stalked head. White clover, or shamrock, is T. repens, 

 Linn., introduced from Europe, 

 and supposed to be native to 

 North America as well. Alsike 

 clover, T. hybridum, Linn., is of 



1002. The penetrating root 

 of the red clover. 



1003. Crimson clover. Trifolium 



incarnatum. ( X }) 



Old World nativity. The crimson or scarlet clover (T. 

 incarnatum, Linn.), Fig. 1003, an annual from south- 

 ern Europe, is now much grown as a catch- or cover- 

 crop in orchards. See Cover-crops. It is also highly 

 ornamental, and is worthy the attention of the florist. 

 For agricultural 

 discussion of the 

 clovers, see Vol. 

 II, Cyclo. Amer. 

 Agric. L. H. B. 



CLOVES are 



the dried flower- 

 buds (Fig. 1004) 

 of a handsome 

 tree of the myrtle 

 family Jambosa 

 Caryophyllus or 

 Eugenia caryo- 

 phyllata, better 

 known as Caryo- 

 phyllus aroma- 

 ticus, a native of 

 the Spice Islands, 

 but now culti- 

 vated in the West 

 Indies and else- 

 where. See Eu- 

 genia. Caryophyl- 

 lus, the ancient 

 name of the clove, 

 means "nut-leaf." 

 The carnation, or 

 "clove pink, "was 

 named Dianthus 

 Caryophyllus be- 

 cause of its clove- 

 like odor, and it 

 has become the 

 type of the great order Caryophyllacese, which, how- 

 ever, is far removed botanically from the Myrtaceae. 

 The word "gilliflower" is a corruption of Caryophyllus, 

 and, until Shakespeare's time and after, was applied to 

 the carnation, but now-a-days it usually refers to cer- 

 tain cruciferous plants of the genera Cheiranthus and 

 Matthiola. 



The clove bark of pharmacy is secured from Dicy- 

 pellium caryophyllatum, of Brazil, one of the Lauraceae. 



The word clove is used among gardeners for a small 

 secondary bulb employed for propagating, specially for 

 the little bulb that forms in a scale-axil of a larger bulb. 



CLUB-MOSS: Lycopodium. 



CLUYTIA (after Cluyt, Dutch botanist of 16th cen- 

 tury). Euphorbidceae. Evergreen greenhouse shrubs 

 from S. Afr., rarely cult., chiefly in botanical gardens. 

 Habit often ericoid: Ivs. alternate, small, entire: fls. 

 clustered in the axils, staminate with petals; calyx 

 imbricate; stamens about 5; ovules 3. Prop, by cut- 

 tings. C. pulchella, Linn., is a small shrub: Ivs. 

 ovate and somewhat acute, petioled, glabrous, entire: 

 fls. axillary, small, white. B.M. 1945. 



J. B. S. NORTON. 



CLYTOSTOMA (Greek klytos, splendid or beauteous, 

 and stoma mouth; alluding to the beautiful flowers). 

 Bignonidcese. Ornamental vines, grown for their 

 beautiful flowers. 



Evergreen shrubs, climbing by leaf -tendrils : Ivs. 

 opposite, with 1 pair of short-stalked entire Ifts., the 

 rachis elongated into a slender simple tendril, some- 

 times wanting: fls. in 2's, axillary, or terminal or in 

 panicles; calyx campanulate with 5 small or subulate 

 teeth; corolla funnelform- campanulate with imbri- 

 cate rounded lobes; stamens 4, with spreading anther- 

 cells; disk short; ovary conical, warty, 2-celled, with 



1004. Clove. 



1. Spray of leaves and flowers; 2. The 

 expanded flower; 3. An unopened bud, or 

 clove. 



