808 



COCCOLOBA 



COCHLEARIA 



floridana, Meissn. (C. laurifolia, Jacq.). PIGEON 

 PLUM, free, 25-30 ft.: Ivs. 1^-3 in. long, 1-2 in. 

 wide, ovate or elliptical, glabrous, narrowed at both 

 ends, obtuse, margin slightly recurved: berries small, 



^in. long, pear-shaped, edible, but not marketable. 



i. Fla., the Bahamas, and northern coast of S. Amer. 



1009. Coccoloba uvif era. ( X K) 



pubescens, Linn. (C. grandifolia, Jacq.). A high, 

 sparingly branched tree: Ivs. cordate-orbicular, 3-6 in. 

 long, rusty-pubescent beneath, chiefly on the promi- 

 nent veins: fls. racemose: fr. berry-like, about %in. 

 diam. Trop. Amer. April. B.M. 3166. 



C. caracas&na, Meissn., or a closely related species, has recentjy 

 been intro. to the trade by Franceschi, of Santa Barbara, Calif. 

 It is described as having "larger frs. than other known species, like 

 a good-sized plum." Venezuela. WlLHELM MlLLER. 



N. TAYLOR, f 



COCCOTHRINAX (a berry and Thrinax, in reference 

 to the berry-like fruit). Palmacese. Small or medium- 

 sized palms, with fan-leaves. 



Trees (or rarely stemless) with slender sts., clothed 

 above with the persistent petiole-sheaths, : Ivs. terminal, 

 pale beneath, thin and brittle, divided into narrow, 

 acute, 2-parted obliquely folded lobes; petioles com- 

 pressed, slightly rounded and ridged on the 2 surfaces, 

 thin and smooth on the margins: spadix interfoliar, 

 paniculate, shorter than the petioles: fls. perfect, 

 minute, solitary; perianth cup-like, obscurely 6-lobed, 

 deciduous; stamens 9, exserted; ovary superior, ovoid, 

 1-celled: fr. berry-like, subglobose, 1-seeded, in ripen- 

 ing becoming thick and juicy, shining black or purple- 

 black; albumen channeled. A genus of a few species, 

 made from Thrinax; Fla. and S. 



Garberi, Sarg. (Thrinax Gdrberi, Chapm. T. argentea 

 var. Gdrberi, Chapm.). SILVER-PALM. Stemless: Ivs. 

 only 10-12 in. across, fan-shaped, silvery beneath. 

 An attractfve dwarf palm, early showing its characteris- 

 tic form, native on shore of Biscayne Bay, Fla.; per- 

 haps a depauperate form of C. jucunda, Sarg. (Thrinax 

 argentea, Chapm., not Roem. & Sch.), which has Ivs. 

 20-32 in. across; it bears the fls. on rigid spreading 

 short pedicels, the perianth is white, anthers light yel- 

 low, and ovary orange: fr. %in. or less diam., becom- 

 ing succulent and bright violet and later almost black 



and shining, ripening 6 months after the flowering: 

 petiole slender, flexible, rounded on upper side and 

 obscurely ribbed on lower side, extending as a thin 

 undulate rachis that ends in a short obtuse point. 



L. H. B. 



COCCULUS (diminutive of kokkos, berry; the fruit 

 being berry-like). Syn., Cebatha, Epibaterium. Menis- 

 permacese. Shrubs grown for their handsome foliage 

 and the ornamental red or black fruits. 



Twining or erect: Ivs. alternate, petioled, entire or 

 lobed, with entire margin, deciduous or persistent, 

 palminerved: fls. inconspicuous, dkecious, in axillary 

 panicles or racemes, sometimes terminal; sepals, petals 

 and stamens 6: carpels 3-6, distinct, developing into 

 berry-like, 1-seeded drupes; seed reniform. About 12 

 species in N. Amer., E. and S. Asia, Afr. and Hawaii, 

 chiefly in tropical and subtropical regions. Only a few 

 species are cult., thriving in almost any somewhat 

 moist soil; the evergreen kinds are sometimes grown 

 in pots, in a sandy compost of peat and loam. Prop, 

 by seeds or by cuttings of half-ripened wood in summer, 

 under glass, with bottom heat. 



"Cocculus indicus" is the trade name of the berries 

 used by the Chinese in catching fish. The berries con- 

 tain an acrid poison, which intoxicates or stuns the 

 fish until they can be caught. The berries are imported 

 from the East Indies to adulterate porter, and "Coc- 

 culus indicus" is a trade name with druggists, not a 

 botanical one, just as "Cassia lignea" is a trade name 

 of a kind of cinnamon bark, derived, not from a cassia, 

 but from a species of Cinnamomum. The name "Coc- 

 culus indicus" was given by Bauhin, but binomial 

 nomenclature began later, with Linnaeus, in 1753. The 

 plant which produces the berries is Anamirta Cocculus. 



carolinus, DC. (Cebatha Carolina, Brit. Epibaterium 

 carollnum, Brit.). CAROLINA MOONSEED. A rapid- 

 growing, twining shrub, attaining 12 ft., with pubes- 

 cent branches: Ivs. long-petioled, usually ovate, some- 

 times cordate, obtuse, entire or 3-, rarely 5-lobed, 

 pubescent, glabrous above at length: petals emargi- 

 nate: fr. red, J^in.diam. Along streams from Va. and 

 111. to Fla. and Texas. Decorative in fall, with its 

 bright red fr. Not hardy north of N. Y. 



trflobus, DC. (C. orbiculdlus, Schneid. Cebatha 

 orbiculdta, Kuntze. C. Thunbergii, DC.). Slender 

 climber with pubescent branches: Ivs. broadly ovate to 

 oblong-ovate, truncate or subcordate at the base, 

 obtuse, often emarginate, usually entire, pubescent 

 on both sides: petals bifid at the apex: fr. bluish black, 

 about J^in. {hick, in short-stalked axillary clusters. 

 Japan. B.M. 8489. I.T. 6:231. Quite hardy at the 

 Arnold Arboretum; keeps its Ivs. green until very late 

 in autumn. 



C. diver sifdlius, Miq., not DC.=Sinomenium acutum. C. hete- 

 rophtfllus, Hemsl. & Wilson=Sinomenium acutum. C. japdnicus, 

 DC.=Stephania hernandifolia. C. laurifblius, DC. Erect shrub, 

 to 15 ft., glabrous: Ivs. evergreen, oblong, acute at both ends. 

 Himalayas. Decorative, with its bright 

 green, shining foliage. Only hardy in 

 subtropical regions. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



COCHLEARIA (Greek, coch- 

 lear, a spoon; referring to the 

 leaves). Cruciferse. More or less 

 fleshy seaside small herbs, in- 

 cluding scurvy-grass and related 

 things; scarcely cultivated. 



Annual or perennial: Ivs. 

 simple: fls. small, white, yel- 

 lowish or purplish, in racemes: fr. an inflated silicic, 

 with very convex valves, the seeds several in each cell 

 and usually 2-rowed. About 15 species in Eu. and N. 

 Amer. Formerly the horse-radish was referred here, but 

 it is now placed by some in Radicula, by others in 

 Roripa, and by still others in Nasturtium. 



1010. Cochlearia danica. 



