COCHLEARIA 



COCONUT 



809 



officinalis, Linn. SCURVY-GRASS. Hardy biennial, 

 2-12 in. high, but cult, as an annual: root-lvs. petioled, 

 cordate; st.-lvs. oblong, more or less toothed and some- 

 times with a short-winged petiole: fls. early spring; 

 calyx-lobes erect. Arctic regions. Prop, by seed, 

 which is small, oval, slightly angular, rough-skinned, 

 reddish brown. The germinating power lasts 4 years. 

 The green parts of the plant are strongly acrid, and 

 have a tarry flavor. The seed is sown in a cool, 

 shady position, where the plants are to stand. The 

 Ivs. are rarely eaten as salad, but the plant is mostly 

 grown for its anti-scorbutic properties. Not to be con- 

 founded with water-cress. 



danica, Linn. Fig. 1010. Annual, scarcely 6-8 in. 

 high: Ivs. rounded, kidney-shaped, scarcely 1 in. long 

 in large specimens, usually much smaller. North tem- 

 perate and arctic regions. L.B.C. 15:1482. It is cov- 

 ered in early summer with a profusion of small white fls. 

 A valuable plant for ornament northward. 



N. TAYLOR.f 



COCHLIODA (Greek for spiral, in reference to the 

 structure of the lip). Orchidaceae. A small group of 

 orchids found at high elevations in South America, 

 little grown, requiring treatment given Odontoglossum. 



Pseudobulbous : fls. bright rose-color or scarlet, in 

 long racemes; sepals equal or the side ones more or less 

 joined; petals all much alike; lip clawed, the blade 

 spreading and the side lobes rounded and perhaps 

 reflexed, the middle lobe narrow. Some of the species 

 are retained by various authors in Odontoglossum and 

 Mesopinidium. 



Noetzliana, Rolfe. Pseudobulbs ovate-oblong, com- 

 pressed, about 2 in. long, monodiphyllous : Ivs. linear: 

 peduncles arcuate; fls. numerous, in graceful racemes, 

 orange-scarlet, about 1 in. across; sepals oblong; petals 

 rather ovate; labellum 3-lobed, disk yellow, otherwise 

 similar in color to the petals. Andes. B.M. 7474. Gt. 

 43:1403. G.C. III. 16:71. O.K. 12:309. 



rdsea, Hort. Plants similar to C. Noetzliana: fls. 

 rose-color. Peru. B.M. 6084. I.H. 18:66. 



vulcanica, Benth. & Hook. Peduncles more or less 

 erect: fls. larger than in the preceding, bright rose-color; 

 labellum 3-lobed, provided with 4 ridges. Peru. B.M. 

 6001. 



C. brasiliensis, Rolfe. Pseudobulbs tufted, oblong: Ivs. oblong- 

 lanceolate: scapes erect or arching, with 6-13 greenish fls. Brazil. 

 C. Fldryi, Rolfe. Natural hybrid between C. Noetzliana and C. 

 rosea. Fls. cinnabar-red with yellow crest; sepals lanceolate; pet- 

 als elliptic oblong. Q AKES 



COCHLIOGLOSSA. Orchidacese. A "garden hybrid 

 between Cochlioda Noetzliana and Odontoglossum scep- 

 trum or O. prsenitens, known as Cochlioglossa moorte- 

 beekiensis. Fls. star-shaped, the petals and sepals yel- 

 low with pale brown spots; lip has the characters of that 

 of Odontoglossum sceptrum, but a little longer and less 

 attractive. Shows no marks of Cochlioda Noetzliana. 



COCHLIOSTEMA (Greek, spiral stamens'). Com- 

 melinacex. Curious and gorgeous plants cultivated 

 under glass. 



Cochliostemas are epiphytes, with the habit of Bill- 

 bergia and great axillary panicles of large fls. of peculiar 

 structure and beauty. They are stemless herbs from 

 Ecuador, with large, oblong-lanceolate Ivs., sheathing 

 at the base, and fls. which individually last only a short 

 time, although a succession is produced for several 

 weeks; sepals 3, oblong, obtuse, concave; petals 3, 

 nearly equal, wider than the sepals, margined with long 

 hairs; staminodes 3, villous, 2 erect, linear, the third 

 short, plumose; staminal column hooded, with in- 

 curved margins, inclosing 3 spirally twisted anthers; 

 style slender, curved. Gardeners recognize 2 species, 

 although they are considered by some botanists as 

 forms of one. Recorded as the most beautiful cult. 

 plants of the family. 



These are handsome stove-flowering perennial 

 plants, closely related to the commelinas, and are of 

 comparatively easy culture, thriving well in ordinary 

 stove temperature in a mixture of two parts loam and 

 one part fibrous peat, with a little Well-decayed cow- or 

 sheep-manure added when potting mature plants. 

 They like a copious supply of water at the roots dur- 

 ing the summer months, and at no season must they 

 be allowed to become dry. Propagation is effected by 

 division of the plants in early spring, or by seeds, to 

 obtain which the flowers must be artificially fertilized. 

 They seed freely when fertilized at the proper time. 

 Only a few of the stronger or larger flowers should be 

 allowed to bear seed. Sometimes a simple shaking of 

 the flower-stalk will accomplish the necessary work of 

 fertilizing, but it is safer to employ the regular method 

 to insure thorough impregnation. The seeds ripen 

 within six weeks' time, and they can be sown soon, 

 thereafter, in shallow pans of light, peaty soil, and 

 placed in a warm, close atmosphere until germinated. 

 As soon as the seedlings are large enough, they should 

 be potted singly into thumb-pots, and shifted on as 

 often as they require it, when they will flower in six 

 to twelve months. The chief reason why cochliostemas 

 are grown in America so little is, probably, that it is 

 necessary to keep a much more humid atmosphere in 

 stove-houses than in England, and this is very much 

 against all stove-flowering plants, causing the season 

 of blossoming to be very short. (Edward J. Canning.) 



A. Lvs. red beneath: panicle hairy; fls. very fragrant. 



odoratissimum, Lem. Lvs. lighter green above than 

 in C. Jacobianum, and deep purplish red beneath, nar- 

 rower, and with a similar margin: fls. very numerous; 

 sepals more leaf-like, hairy, green, with a reddish tip.. 

 I.H. 6:217. R.H. 1869, p. 170. 



AA. Lvs. green beneath: panicle not hairy; fls. less 



fragrant. 



Jacobianum, C. Koch and Lind. Height 1-3 ft.: Ivs.. 

 in a rosette, spreading or recurved, dilated and sheath- 

 ing at the base, margined brown or purplish, 3-4 ft. long, 

 6 in. broad at the base, 4 in. broad at the middle: ped- 

 uncles stout, white, tinged purple, 1 ft. long: bracts 

 large, opposite and whorled, 3-4 in. long, acuminate, 

 concave: panicle-branches 4-6 in. long; fls. 2-2^ in. 

 across; sepals purplish; petals violet-blue. Autumn. B.M. 

 5705. R.H. 1868: 71. G.C. 1868 :323,desc. F.S. 18: 1837-9. 



WILHELM MILLER. 



COCHLOSPERMUM: Maximilianea. 



COCKLE. In North America, a name for Lychnis 

 Githago, or corn-cockle, a familiar handsome-flowered 

 weed of wheat-fields. The name is also applied to the 

 darnel, Lolium temulentum. 



COCKLE-BUR: Xanthium, a weed. 



COCKSCOMB: Celdsia. 



COCKSFOOT GRASS: Barnyard Grass, Panicum Crus-Gatti. 



COCOA: Products of Theobroma Cacao. 



COCOA PLUM: Chrysobalanus Icaco. 



COCO-GRASS: Cyperus rotundus. 



COCONUT. Plate XXVII. Figs. 1011, 1012, 1014, 

 1015. The coconut, Cocos nucifera, is the most important 

 of cultivated palms. Its nearest relatives, whether or not 

 regarded as in the same genus, are natives of tropical 

 America. For this and for other reasons which have been 

 presented by Cook, it must be believed that the coco- 

 nut is a native of America, and that it was carried west- 

 ward across the Pacific in prehistoric times. While the 

 nut will float and retain its power of germination for a 

 considerable time, its propagation from island to island 

 in known cases has practically always been the delibe- 

 rate work of men, and it is probable that men were 



