822 



CCELOGYNE 



and petals pale orange-red, sepals lanceolate, petals 

 linear-lanceolate; lip with lateral lobes oblong, rounded, 

 streaked with red on inside, the middle lobe reniform 

 or transverse-elliptic, sessile; keels 3, crenulate, lateral 

 ones converging in the middle lobe and sometimes 

 bearing 2 branches. Perak, Borneo, Sumatra. 



12. Massangeana, Reichb. f . Fig. 1022. Pseudobulbs 

 pyriform, 3-5 in. long: Ivs. elliptical, large, tapering 

 toward the base, up to 20 in. long: racemes many-fld., 

 pendulous, pubescent; fls. 2-3 in. across; sepals and 

 petals pale yellow, the sepals oblong-lanceolate, the 

 petals linear-oblong; lip with lateral lobes brownish 

 within, lined or streaked with yellow, mid-lobe with a 

 verrucose brown and yellow disk from which extend 3 

 denticulate keels. Assam. B.M. 6979. C.O. 4. 



13. pandurata, Lindl. Pseudobulbs 3-4 in. long, 

 oval-oblong, compressed: Ivs. 15-20 in. long, cuneate- 

 oblong: racemes many-fld., pendulous; fls. up to 4 in. 

 across; sepals and petals green, linear-oblong, acute; 

 lip fiddle-shaped, with black veins and stains on yellow- 

 ish green ground, the mid-lobe crisped, black-warty; 

 disk 2-keeled. Borneo. B.M. 5084. F.S. 20:2139. 

 J.H. III. 30:377. A.F. 6:633. C.O. 6. Gt. 49:1480. 



14. Mayeriana, Reichb. f. Pseudobulbs ovate- 

 oblong, about 2 in. long, compressed, 2-lvd.: Ivs. 8-10 

 in. long, cuneate-obovate : raceme 8-10-fld., erect or 

 nodding; fls. about 2}^ in. across, green, veined black- 

 brown; sepals oblong, acuminate, the petals shorter 

 and narrower, the margins reflexed; lip nearly as long 

 as sepals, the lateral lobes concealing only the base 

 of the column, the middle lobe sessile, oblong-elliptic, 

 crisped; keels 3, papillose. Singapore. 



15. asperata, Lindl. (C. Lowii, Paxt. ). Large species 

 (18-24 in. high): pseudobulbs ovate-oblong, 5-6 in. 

 long or more: Ivs. up to 2^ ft. long, lanceolate, acute: 

 raceme 7-10-fld., pendulous; fls. 3 in. across, cream- 

 colored; sepals and petals lanceolate, lip with the 

 lateral lobes white, streaked red-brown inside, the 

 middle lobe nearly orbicular, the crisped margin pale 

 yellow streaked red-brown ; disk with 2 or 3 orange-red 

 warty ridges. Borneo. P.M. 16:227. G.C. III. 46:34. 



16. Pfirishii, Hook. f. Like No. 13, but racemes not 

 drooping, pseudobulb 4-angled, 4-6 in. long: Ivs. up to a 

 foot long, lanceolate, acuminate: racemes 4-7-fld., erect; 

 fls. about 2 in. across, pale yellow-green; sepals lance- 

 olate, acuminate; petals linear-lanceolate; lip fiddle- 

 shaped, black-spotted, the middle lobe apiculate, undu- 

 late; disk with 5 raised lines. Moulmein. B.M. 5323. 



C. dlbo-liitea, Rolfe. Fls. showy, very fragrant, pure white, 

 with lobes yellow. Mts. of N. India. C. Brymeriana, Hort. A 

 garden hybrid between C. Dayana and C. asperata. C. burfor- 

 diensis, Hort. (C. pandurata xC. asperata). Fls. pale green, the 

 spiny crest black, the ridges green and yellow. G.C. III. 49:331. 

 C. chrysotrdpis, Schltr. Scape much shorter than the Ivs., few-fid. 

 Sumatra. C. Cdlmanii, Hort. A garden hybrid between C. 

 speciosa major and C. cristata alba. C. Cumingii, Lindl. Fls. 

 white, the disk citron-yellow; sepals and petals lanceolate. Singa- 

 pore. B.R. 27:29. B.M. 4645. C. frdgrans, Hort. A trade name. 

 C. fuligindsa, Lindl. Fls. appearing in succession, 2 in. across, 

 light brownish white, the lip fringed. N. India. B.M. 4440. J.F. 

 1:7. C. Garderidna, Lindl. =Neogyne. C. Lawrenceana, Rolfe. 

 Fl. single; sepals and petals yellow, 2-2 % in. long, the sepals lanceo- 

 late-oblong, the petals linear; lateral lobes of lip brown, the middle 

 lobe white, the disk marbled with brown. Annam. B.M. 8164. 

 G.C. III. 47:335. C. Mooredna, Sander. Racemes 4-8-fld.; fls. 

 white; disk golden yellow, covered with clavate processes. Annam. 

 B.M. 8297. C. ochracea, Lindl. Fls. about 2 in. across, fragrant, 

 white, the lip blotched and streaked orange-yellow N India 

 B.R. 32:69. B.M. 4661. J.F. 4:342. C. perakensis, Rolfe. Ra- 

 cemes many-fld.; sepals light buff, lanceolate-oblong, about Hin. 

 long; petals light green, linear, a little shorter than sepals; lip light 

 yellow, with a deep yellow blotch on disk. Perak. B.M. 8203. 

 C. priecox, Lindl., var dlba. A nearly white form. C. Sdnderx, 

 Kranzl. Fls. white; sepals oblong-lanceolate; petals narrower, 

 linear; lip yellow, marked with golden, the keels red-brown 

 Burma. G.C. III. 13:361. C. Veitchii, Rolfe. Racemes many- 

 fld., pendulous; fls. nearly globose, white, the sepals and petals 

 much incurved; lip longer than sepals, the lateral lobes obtuse, the 

 middle lobe ovate, revolute; disk obscurely 3-keeled. New Guinea. 

 B.M. 7764. C. venusta, Rolfe. Racemes many-fld., pendulous; 

 fls. pale yellow, the lip white, marked with yellow. S. W. China 

 B.M. 8262. C. virescens, Rolfe. Resembling C. Parishii. Fls. pale 

 green with dark dots on the lip. Annam. Q EORGE y N ASH 



COFFEA 



COFFEA (from the Arabian name for the drink, 

 itself conjecturally derived from Caffa, a district in 

 southern Abyssinia). Rubiacese. Woody plants, pro- 

 ducing the coffee of commerce; as a horticultural sub- 

 ject, sometimes cultivated for the ornamental appear- 

 ance; and also in collections of economic plants. 



Shrubs or small trees, natives of Trop. Asia and Afr.: 

 Ivs. mostly opposite, rarely in whorls of 3, elliptical, 

 acute, usually coriaceous and glossy: fls. clustered in 

 the axils, cream or cream-white and fragrant; calyx- 

 limb 5-, rarely 4-, parted, the corolla salver-shaped, 

 the corolla-tube cylindrical, the throat sometimes 

 villous; stamens inserted in or below the throat of the 

 corolla: fr. a berry; seeds 2, horny, which are the well- 

 known coffee of commerce. From 25-40 species, in 

 Trop. Afr. and Asia, the species not yet clearly defined, 

 nor well understood horticulturally. 



Coffee-production is based mostly on C. arabica and 

 C. liberica, both widely cultivated throughout the 

 tropics, and in greenhouses northward. The coffee 

 industry, one of the most important industries in the 

 tropics, reaches the enormous figure of $200,000,000 or 

 sometimes a little more than this. See the treatment 

 in Vol. II Cyclo. Amer. Agri. 



The coffee plant and its product. (T. B. McClelland.) 



The main source of coffee is Coffea arabica, an ever- 

 green shrub, growing 10 to 15 feet high. The younger 

 plants have one main trunk or stem, but from this 

 others frequently develop later, which are similar in 

 form and habit to the first. The lateral branches are 

 opposite, horizontal and in pairs, very rarely in whorls 

 of three. The pairs of branches are in whorls on the 

 main stem. The leaves, which are opposite and borne 

 in pairs, are 4 to 7 centimeters (about \Yi to 3 inches) 

 broad by 10 to 20 centimeters (4 to 8 inches) long, the 

 length being usually slightly more than two and a 

 half times the breadth. They are elliptical, acuminate 

 at tip and attenuate at base. There are eight to eleven 

 pairs of main lateral veins. In the axils where the 

 veins join the midrib are small pores, open below and 

 slightly swollen above. The tip of the leaf is frequently 

 curled and is rather abruptly contracted. The margin 

 is entire and wavy. The leaves, which are perennial, 

 are a dark glossy green, and though thin are firm in 

 texture. 



There are usually two or three large blossomings and 

 several small ones extending over a period of several 

 months. The pure white and delicately fragrant star- 

 like flowers are borne on very short pedicels in one to 

 four axillary clusters of one to four flowers each. 

 These flower-clusters are subtended by two to four 

 common calyculi. The tube of the corolla is 8 to 10 

 millimeters (about ^ to % inch) long. Its segments 

 are about 7 millimeters (nearly % inch) broad by 15 to 

 18 millimeters (% to % inch) long. The style is 17 to 

 22 millimeters (% to nearly 1 inch) long. The stigma 

 is two-branched, each branch being 5 millimeters 

 (about }/*> inch) long. The linear anthers, corresponding 

 in number to the petals, are 9 millimeters long and are 

 supported on filaments 5 to 7 millimeters long. The 

 size varies somewhat with favorable or unfavorable 

 conditions. The short annular calyx with its den- 

 ticulate limb is so small as almost to escape notice. 



Under Coffea arabica are included a number of varie- 

 ties quite distinct in growth and product from the 

 other varieties of the same species, such as Maragogipe, 

 Mocha, Pointed Bourbon (sometimes classified as C. 

 lamina) and others. 



Maragogipe coffee, as its name indicates, is of Brazil- 

 ian origin, having been discovered in 1870 near the 

 town from which its name is derived. On account of 

 the large size of the bean it has commanded a fancy 

 price on the market, but this variety is considered to 

 be a small yielder. The flowers, fruits, and leaves are 

 all larger than the ordinary Arabian coffee and the 



