826 



COLCHICUM 



COLD-STORAGE 



cc. Tessellation less distinct. 



9. Sibthorpii, Baker. Easily distinguished from Nos. 

 5, 7, and 8 by the much broader segms. of the peri- 

 anth, and by the Ivs., which are nearly erect, obtuse, 

 and not at all wavy: Ivs. 5-6, dull green, finally 1 ft. or 

 more long, l%-2% m - wide, narrowed gradually to the 

 base: spathe striped with green, and tinged with lilac 

 at the tip: fls. 1-5 from each spathe; perianth-tube often 

 6 in. long. Mts. of Greece. B.M. 7181. F.S.R. 1:108. 

 A large, cup-shaped fl., showing no open spaces 

 between the broad, overlapping segms. Very hand- 

 gome. 



BB. Perianth not tessellated. 



c. Size of fls. large, 3 in. or more across. 



D. Lvs. broad, 3-4 in. wide. 



E. Number of fls. 1-4. 



10. specidsum, Stey. Corm 2 in. thick, the largest of 

 the genus: st. 1 ft. high: Ivs. 4-5, 12-15 in. long, 3-4 

 in. wide, narowed from the middle to the base, shining 

 green: fls. 1-4 from each spathe, violet, with a white 

 eye, but varying almost to pure pink, often 6 in. across. 

 Caucasus. B.M. 6078. F.S. 23:2385. F.M. 1876:235. 

 Gn. 11 :80. Commonly considered the finest species of 

 the genus; blooms Sept. and Oct. Var. maximum, Hort. 

 Plant 1 1 A in. high. 



EE. Number of fls. 12-20. 



11. byzantinum, Ker-Gawl. Closely allied to the 

 above, but with wider Ivs., smaller and paler fls., and 

 broad, short anthers: st. 6 in. high: Ivs. 5-6, oblong, 

 dark green, striate, 9-12 in. long, 3-4 in. wide: fls. 

 smaller than in No. 10, usually 3-4 in. across, lilac-pur- 

 ple, and often 12-20 from each spathe. Transylvania 

 and Constantinople. B.M. 1122. Corn large, de- 

 pressed. C. cilicicum, Hort., has rosy fls., somewhat 

 tessellated. G.C. III. 23:35. 



DD. Lvs. narrow, 1-2 in. wide. 



12. Bornmuelleri, Freyn. Lvs. elliptic-lanceolate, 

 3-4 in. long, 1-2 in. broad: fls. 8 in. long and 5 in. across, 

 the limb pale rose or lilac-rose at first, subsequently 

 deeper purple, the corolla-tube white. Asia Minor. 

 Early spring. One of the rarest and finest of the 

 group, suitable for the rock-garden. 



13. autumnale, Linn. Fig. 1026; 442, p. 433. St. 

 3-4 in. high: Ivs. 3-4, rarely 5-6, 9-12 in. long, l>-2 

 in. wide: fls. 1-4, rarely 5-6, from each spathe, purple, 

 with a white variety, about 4 in. across; perianth 

 veined. Eu. and N. Afr. B.M. 2673 (as C. crociflorum). 

 Possibly the commonest in the American trade. It 

 has beautiful double forms in purple and pure white. 

 F.S. 19:1936. 



14. Decaisnei, Boiss. Corm ovate, membranaceous: 

 lower Ivs. broadly lanceolate, the upper ones narrower 

 and acutish, entire, 1-1 ^ in. broad: fls. pale-rose, or 

 flesh-colored, the tube elongate-elliptic, the stamens a 

 little shorter than the perianth; anthers yellow, linear; 

 style only slightly exceeding the stamens. N. Afr. 

 and the eastern Medit. region. Nov.- Jan. Planted 

 in masses with C. crociflorum for rock-gardens, it is 

 very effective. 



cc. Size of fls. small, about 2 in. across. 



D. Number of fls. from each spathe more than 1 or 2. 



E. Perianth-segms. acute. 



15. Troddii, Kotschy. Corm medium-sized: Ivs. 3-4, 

 6-12 in. long, 9^12 lines wide, dark green above: fls. 

 4-5 or even 12, lilac-purple, about 2 in. across; perianth 

 segms. lanceolate-acute. Cyprus. B.M. 6901 shows a 

 pure white variety. 



16. fasciculare, Boiss. Corm oblong: Ivs. 5-7, 

 broadly lanceolate, channeled, the apex acutish, fre- 

 quently ciliate, about 1 in. wide: fls. many, in clusters, 



the corolla 2^ in. long, white, 6-10-nerved; stamens 

 equaling the corolla, but slightly exceeded by the style 

 branches. Feb. Syria. 



EE. Perianth-segms. obtuse. 



17. umbrosum, Stev. Corm small: Ivs. 4-5, 6-9 in. 

 long, 9-12 lines wide: fls. 1-5 from each spathe, lilac, 

 about 2 in. across; perianth - segms. oblanceolate, 

 obtuse, with 8-12 veins. Caucasus. 



DD. Number of fls. from each spathe 1 or 2. 



18. alpinum, DC. (C. montdnum, All. not Linn.). Lvs. 

 2, rarely 3, nearly erect or spreading, 4-8 in. long, 3-6 

 lines wide, obtuse, channeled, shining green, narrowed 

 from the middle to the base: fls. 1 or 2 from each 

 spathe, about 2 in. across, lilac; segms. oblanceolate, 

 obtuse, 3-4 lines wide, with 10-15 veins. Mts. of 

 France and Switzerland. 



C. giganteum, Hort. A plant with magnificent pink fls. Is not 

 certainly referable to any species. The name appears in several 

 catalogues, but is unknown in botanical literature. See F.S.R. 

 1 : 108. C. hydropMlum, Hort. An early spring - flowering spe- 

 cies; bulb size of a walnut: Ivs. and fls. appearing together, the 

 fls. bright clear rose and taller than the Ivs., the latter growing 

 after the fls. are gone and attaining a length of 6 in.; fls. in clus- 

 ters of 3-15; stamens half as long as the segms. Taurus Mts. G.C. 

 III. 29 : 102. -C. sieheanum, Hort. A late autumn-flowering species 

 with rich reddish purple fls. Asia Minor. C. veratrifolium, Hort. 

 Similar to some of the forms of C. speciosum, but earlier in flowering. 



WILHELM MILLER. 

 N. TAYLOR. f 



COLDFRAME. An unheated covered frame (see 

 Frame) used (1) for the starting of plants in spring in 

 advance of settled weather but not so early as in a 

 hotbed; (2) for receiving plants from a hotbed or green- 

 house, holding them as an intermediate station until 

 they may go in the field; (3) carrying hardy plants over 

 winter, as spinach, lettuce; (4) providing a general 

 store-place for hardy or semi-hardy stuff from green- 

 house and garden; (5) affording a propagating-bed in 

 spring and summer for seeds or cuttings. Usually the 

 coldframe is topped with glass, as is the hotbed, but 

 prepared paper or cloth is sometimes used. Coldframes 

 are usually of temporary construction. L H. B. 



COLD-STORAGE, REFRIGERATION, RETARD- 

 ING. Dealers in bulbs, cut-flowers, nursery stock, 

 fruits and vegetables employ cold-storage to retard the 

 growth of bulbs and plants, or to preserve cut-flowers 

 and produce, by using specially constructed sheds, 

 refrigerators, ice-boxes, or the public cold-storage 

 warehouses. The nursery stock thus stored can be 

 packed and shipped from the cold to warmer parts of 

 the country in good season for planting, when it would 

 be impossible to dig and ship such stock without the 

 storage system. Sheds for the storage of nursery stock 

 have earthen floors, are ventilated and lighted from 

 the ridge-and-furrow roof and heated to exclude frost, 

 the maximum temperature being 35 to 40. Large 

 trees are stood upright, the smaller stock usually laid 

 lengthwise in compartments. The roots are covered 

 with sphagnum, or a mixture of sphagnum and excelsior 

 or cedar shingletow; the shingletow or excelsior alone 

 will not make good covering for this purpose. See 

 Nursery. 



The roots and bulbs commonly placed in cold-storage 

 are those used by florists for forcing, such as lily bulbs, 

 lily-of-the-valley pips, and the like. By placing these 

 in cold-storage, growers can secure a continuous suc- 

 cession of bloom throughout the year. Lily bulbs are 

 stored in the original cases packed in soil, the cases 

 being cleated to provide circulation of air, and held at 

 34. The multiflorum and formosum varieties of Lilivm 

 lortgiflorum can be held in storage three to four months, 

 and the giganteum type of this lily ten to eleven months, 

 L. auratum four months, L. speciosum and .varieties 

 eight months. The sizes (circumference) of storage lily 

 bulbs and number of bulbs to the case are as follows: 



