840 



CONVOLVULUS 



COPROSMA 



ish hairs: Ivs. linear-oblong or subspatulate, obtuse or 

 rounded at the apex, usually pubescent but sometimes 

 glabrous, the margin ciliate towards the base: peduncle 

 3-fld., exceeding the Ivs.; sepals ovate, lanceolate, vil- 

 lose, acute; limb of the corolla azure-blue, throat 

 yellow, margined with white. S. Eu. B.M. 27. One 

 of the best annuals for the home border. Each plant 

 covers a ground space of 2 ft., and blooms continuously 

 throughout the summer. Fls. re- 

 main open all day during pleasant 

 weather. There are many variously 

 striped and spotted forms of this 

 popular annual, none of which sur- 

 passes the type in beauty. A va- 

 riety with pure white fls. is attrac- 

 tive. Other well-marked horticul- 

 tural forms are :Var. vittatus, prettily 

 striped with blue and white. F.S. 

 3:298. R.H. 1848:121. Var.com- 

 pactus, dwarf, and valuable for 

 pot culture. Gt. 47, p. 635. A 5- 

 petaled form is also recorded. F.S. 

 8, p. 116, desc. 



11. aureus superbus, Hort. A 

 tender perennial, but may be treated 

 as an annual, since it flowers the 

 first season from seed: st. trailing 

 or twining, 4-5 ft. long: fls. golden. 

 Valuable as a greenhouse climber and for hanging- 

 baskets. Not sufficiently described for identification. 



C. aUhxoides, Linn. (C. italicus, Roem. & Schult.). St. prostrate, 

 twining or climbing, if it finds support : upper Ivs. pedatifid. ; lower 

 ovate-cordate, crenate, silvery: fls. pink. May-Aug. Medit. region. 

 B.M. 359. F.S. 10:1021 (as var. argyreus). R.H. 1864: 111. C. 

 ambigens, House, native from Mont, to New Mex. and S. Calif., is a 

 close relative to C. arvensis. C. arvensis, Linn. Slender perennial 

 trailer, 1-3 ft. long, glabrous or nearly so: Ivs. ovate-sagittate or 

 hastate, variable: fls. white or pink. Eu. and E. Asia. Naturalized 

 in old fields through the Atlantic states and Calif. A troublesome 

 weed in cult, grounds. C. canariensis, Linn. Greenhouse ever- 

 green: Ivs. oblong-cordate, acute, villose: fls. violet-purple; pedun- 

 cle 1-6-fld. Canary Isls. B.M. 1228. C. dahuricus, Herb. (Calys- 

 tegia dahuricus, Fisch.). Hardy deciduous twiner, 3-6 ft.: Ivs. 

 oblong-cordate, shortly acute: fls. pink or rose-violet. June, July. 

 N. Eu. B.M. 2609. F.S. 10:1075. C. erubescens, Sims (C. 

 acaulis, Choisy). Tender biennial: Ivs. oblong, hastate, the basal 

 lobes toothed: fls. small, 5-lobed, rose-pink. Austral. B.M. 1067. 

 C. macrostegius, Greene. The plants in the trade under this name 

 may be referred to C. occidentalis. C. major, Hort., not Gilib.= 

 Ipomcea purpurea. C. ocell&tus, Hook. Stove evergreen: limb of 

 corolla white, 5-angled; throat reddish purple: Ivs. sessile, linear, 

 acute, 1-veined, villose. S. Afr. B.M. 4065. C. scoparius. Linn. 

 C. Soldanella, Linn. Sts. prostrate: Ivs. reniform: fls. pink or rose- 

 colored. Sandy shores, Wash, to Calif. ; also in Eu. and Asia. 



S. W. FLETCHER. 



COOKIA: Claucena. H . D. HoUSE.f 



COONTIE: Zamia integrifolia. 



COOPERIA (after Joseph Cooper, English gardener). 

 Amarylliddcese. Tender bulbous plants with the habit 

 of Zephyranthes but night-blooming. 



Flowers fragrant, solitary, 2 in. or more across, waxy- 

 white, tinged red outside, and more or less green within; 

 the perianth subtended by a bract-like spathe, some- 

 what as in Iris; anthers erect in distinction to versatile 

 in Zephyranthes: Ivs. appearing with the fls. in summer, 

 long, narrow, flat and twisted. Only 2 or 3 species from 

 Texas to New Mex. and Mex., usually growing in dry 

 places. The bulbs should be taken up in autumn and 

 stored during the winter in dry soil. Cult, easy and like 

 Zephyranthes. 



A. Neck of bulb short: perianth-tube 3% in. long or more. 

 Drummondii, Herb. EVENING STAR. Bulb round- 

 ish, 1 in. thick, with a short neck: Ivs. narrowly linear, 

 erect, 1 ft. long: peduncle slender, fragile, hollow, >-! 

 ft. long; spathe 1*4-2 in. long, 2-valved at the tip; 

 perianth tube 3-5 in. long; limb %-l in. long, white, 

 tinged with red outside; segms. oblong, cuspidate. 

 Prairies, of wide range. Var. chlorosolen, Baker, has 

 a perianth-tube stouter and tinged with green: limb 



1049. Convolvulus tricolor. ( X } 5) 



longer and less wheel-shaped: Ivs. a little broader. 

 B.M. 3482. 



AA. Neck of bulb long: perianth-tube less than 2% in. long. 

 pedunculata, Herb. GIANT PRAIRIE LILY. More 

 robust than C. Drummondii: bulb with a longer neck, 

 2-3 in. long: Ivs. about 6, 1 ft. long, J^in. broad: 

 peduncle about 1 ft. long; spathe 1-2-valved at the 

 tip: perianth-tube shorter, !}/ in. 

 long; limb nearly as long as the 

 tube, tinged red outside. B.M. 3727. 

 R.H. 1853:401. The best species. 

 Fls. larger, of purer color, and re- 

 maining open a day or two longer. 



N. TAYLOR.f 



COPAIFERA (from copaiba, 

 Brazilian name of the balsam de- 

 rived from some of these trees). 

 Syn. Copaiba. Leguminbsse. Sixteen 

 or more spineless trees of Trop. 

 Amer., and Afr., with abruptly pin- 

 nate Ivs., small mostly white, not 

 papilionaceous fls. in panicles, inter- 

 esting because several of them 

 produce an oleo-resin known as 

 copaiba. They are not in cult., 

 except now and then in collections 

 of economic plants. 



COPERNICIA (from Copernicus). Palmacex, tribe 

 Coryphese. Tall fan-palms with their trunks frequently 

 thickened above the base. 



Leaves flabellate, the petiole often with small spines; 

 the small young Ivs. usually undivided, the older much 

 cut palmately: spadix very much branched, the fls. 

 single upon it or in small clusters; calyx tubular, more 

 or less deeply 3-toothed: fr. globose or ovoid, 1-seeded. 

 Species about 8, all confined to Trop. Amer. C. 

 cerifera is a valuable economic plant, the wood being 

 among the hardest known, and the Ivs. being the 

 source of a valuable wax. For cult., see Corypha. G.C. 

 II. 24:362. Beccari, Le Palme Americane, tribe Cory- 

 phese, 1907. 



cerifera, Mart. CARNATJBA PALM. St. 30-35 ft., with 

 a small swelling near the base: Ivs. 3-4 ft. wide, nearly 

 round; rachis none; petiole convex below, concave 

 above, the margins with rather thick spines: spadix 

 erect or spreading, 5-6 ft. long and thrice branched; 

 fls. in clusters on the spathe. Trop. S. Amer. Not 

 well known in the trade; see Livistona. 



C. australis, Becc., a recently described species, said to be 

 more hardy than C. cerifera, has been cult, at Riverside, Calif. 

 Taller, 60-80 ft. ; infl. densely woolly tomentose. 



N. TAYLOR. 



COPRA: material from the coconut, which see (p. 811). 



COPROSMA (Greek name referring to the fetid 

 odor of the plants). Rubidcese. Shrubs or small trees, 

 often trailing, of New Zealand, Australia and Poly- 

 nesia, sometimes planted for the pretty fruit or varie- 

 gated leaves. 



Leaves opposite, mostly small, stalked or almost 

 sessile: fls. small, solitary or fascicled, white or greenish, 

 dio3cious; corolla-limb 4-5-lobed, the lobes revolute; 

 stamens 4-5: fr. an ovoid or globose usually 2-celled 

 drupe. About 60 species mostly in New Zeal., extend- 

 ing to Borneo, Hawaii and Juan Fernandez. 



Coprosmas are greenhouse plants in the North, but 

 they are rarely cultivated. Propagated by hardened 

 cuttings. The soil which is found among kalmia roots, 

 mixed with good loam and sand, if necessary, will suit 

 these plants. Cuttings should be rooted in moderate 

 heat in spring, before growth begins. If placed under a 

 handlight or propagating-frame, care must be taken 

 to prevent damping, to which the cuttings are liable. 

 (G. W. Oliver.) 



