COTINUS 



COTONEASTER 



865 



ovate, abruptly narrowed at the base, rounded at the 

 apex, glabrous, lJ^-3^ in. long: panicles to 8 in. long, 

 densely plumose, usually purplish: frs. few, about Y% 

 in. long. June, July: fr. Aug., Sept. S. Eu. to Cent. 

 China and Himalayas. Gn. 34, p. 162; 54, p. 505; 71, 

 p. 552. Gng. 5:118. M.D.G. 1902:217. G.C. III. 

 29:92. H.W. 3, p. 32. Var. atropurpurea, Dipp. 

 Panicles with dark purple hairs. Var. pendula, Dipp. 



1080. Cotoneaster horizontals. 



Branches pendulous. Var. pubescens, Engler. Lvs., at 

 least beneath, and often also the young branches, 

 pubescent. 



americanus, Nutt. (C. cotindides, Brit. Rhus coti- 

 ruAdes, Nutt.). Upright shrub or small tree, to 35 ft.: 

 lys. gradually narrowed at the base, obovate to ellip- 

 tic-obovate, rounded at the apex, silky beneath when 

 young, at maturity glabrous or nearly so, 4-6 in. long: 

 panicles 5-6 in. long, with short and rather inconspicu- 

 ous pale purple or brownish hairs. June, July. Ala. to 

 W. Texas and E. Tenn. S.S. 3:98, 99. The autumnal 

 tints orange and scarlet, as in the preceding species, 

 but more brilliant. ALFRED REHDER. 



COTONEASTER (cotoneum, quince, and aster, simi- 

 lar: the leaves of some species resemble those of the 

 quince). Rosdcese, subfamily Pbmex. Shrubs, rarely 

 small trees, chiefly grown for their ornamental red or 

 black fruits and some species also for their foliage which 

 turns brilliant colors in autumn. 



Leaves alternate, deciduous or persistent, short- 

 petioled, entire, stipulate: fls. solitary or in cymes, ter- 

 minal, on short lateral branchlets, white or pinkish; 

 petals 5; stamens about 20: fr. a black or red pomaceous 

 drupe, with 2-5 stones. About 40 species, in the tem- 

 perate regions of Eu. and Asia, also in N. Afr., but 

 none in Japan. 



Cotoneasters are ornamental shrubs, many of them 

 with decorative fruits remaining usually through the 

 whole winter, while only a few, like the hardy C. 

 hupehensis and C. multiflora and the tender C. frigida, 

 and also C. racemiflora and C. salicifolia, are conspicuous 

 with abundant white flowers. Of the species with deco- 

 rative red fruits, C. tomentosa, C. racemiflora and C. 

 integerrima are quite hardy, and C. Simonsii, C. 

 acuminata, C. rotundifolia, C. microphylla and others 

 are hardy at least as far north as New York, while C. 

 frigida and its allies are the most tender. The foliage 

 of some of the species assumes brilliant colors in 

 autumn; dark crimson in C. Simonsii, C. horizontalis, 

 C. divaricata and C. Dielsiana; scarlet and orange in 

 C. foveolata, bright yellow in C. Zabdii. The half-ever- 

 green C. horizontalis and C. adpressa, and the evergreen 

 C. Dammeri and C. microphylla, with its allied species, 

 are well adapted for rockeries on account of their low, 

 spreading or prostrate habit. Cotoneasters thrive in 

 any good, well-drained garden soil, but dislike very 

 moist and shady positions. Propagation is effected by 

 seeds, sown in fall or stratified; the evergreen species 

 grow readily from cuttings of half-ripened wood in 

 August under glass ; increased also by layers, put down 

 in fall, or by grafting on C. vulgaris, hawthorn, moun- 

 tain ash or quince. 



A. Petals upright, small, usually pinkish; cymes usually 

 few-fid, or nodding, if many-fid. (Orthopetalum.) 



B. Fr. red. 



c. Under side of Ivs. glabrous or only pubescent. 

 D. Habit prostrate. 



1. adpressa, Bois (C. horizontalis var. adpressa, 

 Schneid.). Prostrate shrub, with creeping and often 

 rooting sts. irregularly branched: Ivs. oval, acutish, 

 wavy at the margin, nearly glabrous, %-}foa.. long: 

 fls. 1-2, pinkish: fr. subglobose, usually with 2 stones. 

 June: fr. Aug., Sept. W. China. V.F. 116. Hardy at 

 the Arnold Arboretum. 



2. horizontalis, Decne. Fig. 1080. Low shrub: 

 branches almost horizontal and densely distichously 

 branched : lys. round-oval, acute at both ends, glabrous 

 above, sparingly setosely hairy beneath, ^i-%m. long: 

 fls. erect, 1-2, pink: fr. ovoid, bright red, usually with 

 3 stones, smaller than in the preceding species. June; 

 fr. Sept., Oct. China. R.H. 1885, p. 136; 1889:348, 

 fig. 1. G.C. III. 32:91. Gn. 66, p. 407. Var. perpusilla, 



3chneid. Lvs. less than 2/in. long: fr. J^in. across. 

 Like the preceding species, one of the most effective 

 fruiting shrubs for rockeries. 



DD. Habit upright. 

 E. Lvs. small, not exceeding 1 in., nearly glabrous beneath. 



3. Simonsii, Baker (C. acuminata var. Simonsii, 

 Decne.). Shrub, with spreading branches, to 4 ft.: 

 Ivs. roundish oval, acute, glabrous above, J^-l in. 

 long, semi-persistent: cymes 2-5-fld.; fls. white, slightly 

 pinkish; calyx appressed-pubescent: fr. bright red, 

 usually with 3-4 stones. June, July. Himalayas. 

 Refug. Bot. 1:55. B.M. 8010 (excl. fls.; as C. rotundi- 

 folia). One of the best red-fruiting species, often 

 under the name C. Simondsii or C. Symonsi. 



4. divaricata, Rehd. & Wilson. Upright shrub, to 

 6 ft.: Ivs. deciduous, oval or broadly oval, acute or 

 obtusish, broadly cuneate at the base, lustrous above, 

 ^-%in. long": fls. usually 3, pink; calyx appressed- 

 pubescent: fr. ovoid, nearly sessile, bright red, J^in. 

 long, usually with 2 stones. June; fr. Sept. Cent, and 

 W. China. Very handsome when studded with its 

 bright red frs. ; hardy at the Arnold Arboretum. 



EE. Lvs. larger, 1^4-3 in. long, deciduous. 



5. acuminata, Lindl. Erect shrub, to 6 ft.: Ivs. 

 oblong to ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, appressed- 

 hairyonboth sides, dull above to light green beneath: 

 cymes 2-5-fld., nodding; fls. white or slightly pinkish; 

 calyx pubescent: fr. deep scarlet, turbinate, with 2-3 

 stones. June; fr. Sept., Oct. Himalayas. L.B.C. 

 10:919 (as Mespilus). R.H. 1889:348, fig. 5 (as C. 

 nepalensis) . 



6. bullata, Bois. Spreading shrub, to 6 ft. : Ivs. ovate, 

 acuminate, rounded or broadly cuneate at the base, 

 rugose and finally nearly glabrous above, reticulate, 

 pale grayish green and pubescent beneath: fls. pinkish, 

 few; calyx glabrous: fr. red, subglobose, with 4-5 



