CRANBERRY 



CRASSULA 



877 



PRODUCTION OF CRANBERRIES IN THE UNITED STATES 

 IN 1899 AND 1909 (13th CENSUS) 



Literature. 



The standard books on the cultivation of cranberries 

 are Webb's "Cape Cod Cranberries," and "Cranberry- 

 Culture," by Joseph J. White; these are old books and 

 in many respects out-of-date. The best literature on 

 the subject is to be found in the various publications 

 of the United States Department of Agriculture, the 

 bulletins of the agricultural experiment stations of 

 New Jersey, Wisconsin and Massachusetts, the pro- 

 ceedings of the American Cranberry Growers' Associa- 

 tion which have been published biennially since 1880, 

 the reports of the Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' 

 Association, and the reports of the Wisconsin State 

 Cranberry Growers' Association. 



ELIZABETH C. WHITE. 



CRANBERRY TREE: High-bush cranberry, Viburnum Opulus. 



CRANESBILL. Loosely applied to the whole genus 

 Geranium. In America it usually means G. maculatum. 



CRANIOLARIA (from a fancied resemblance of the 

 pod to a skull or cranium). Martynidceas. Coarse but 

 interesting flower-garden annual. 



Wide-spreading low viscid-hairy rank forking herb: 

 Ivs. large, opposite, long-petioled, broadly cordate, 

 reniform or palmately lobed: fls. white, racemed; calyx 

 3-5-lobed, more or less inflated; corolla very long-tubed, 

 the tube slender and cylindrical, campanulate at the 

 throat, more or less 2-lipped, the 5 lobes rounded 

 and somewhat undulate, the anterior largest; perfect 

 stamens 4, didynamous, affixed at or near the throat; 

 ovary 1-celled: fr. a 2-valved caps, with a long incurved 

 beak, many-seeded. Two species, Venezuela to Para- 

 guay. Usually confused with Martynia, from which 

 it is distinguished readily by having 4 rather than 2 

 fertile stamens and by the very long and slender corolla- 



tube which widens at the throat; the closely related 

 Proboscidea has a much broader tube widening nearly 

 from the base. 



Snnua, Linn. (Martynia Craniolaria, Glox.). Two 

 feet high: Ivs. palmately lobed, the margins dentate: 

 calyx 2-bracted, cut down one side, about one-third 

 the length of the slender straightish corolla-tube; 

 lobes of corolla rounded and not much undulate; style 

 2-lobed, equaling or slightly exceeding the 2 pairs of 

 stamens. N. S. Amer. The thick fleshy root is pre- 

 served in sugar as a comfit; plant known as "Creole 

 scorzonera" in S. Amer. There appears to be con- 

 fusion in the seed sold as Martynia Craniolaria; some of 

 it may be M. Louisiana or other species. L H B 



CRASSULA (Latin thickish; referring to the thick 

 leaves and stems). Crassulacese. Fleshy and leafy green- 

 house shrubs or herbs, grown for the grotesque appear- 

 ance of some of the kinds and also for the bloom. 



Variable in habit and foli- 

 age, mostly erect; rarely 

 annual: Ivs. opposite, usu- 

 ally sessile and often con- 

 nate, fleshy, very entire and 

 the margins sometimes 

 cartilaginous, glabrous or 

 pubescent or scaly: fls. usu- 

 ally small, white, rose or 

 rarely yellow, commonly in 

 cymes but sometimes capi- 

 tate, usually 5-merous; calyx 

 5-parted, the lobes erect or 

 spreading; petals 5, free or 

 joined at the base, erect 

 or spreading; stamens 5, 

 shorter than the petals; 

 carpels 5, many-ovuled. 

 Species 150 or more, mostly 

 in S. Afr., but a few in 

 Abyssinia and Asia. Many 

 species have been intro. to 

 cult., but only a few are 

 actually grown outside of 

 fanciers' collections. The 

 rocheas sometimes pass as 

 crassulas. See Rochea. 



The genus Crassula gives 

 the name to the order Cras- 

 sulacese, which contains 

 many cultivated succulent 

 plants, and also others of 

 widely different habit. The 

 order is closely related to the 

 Saxifragaceae, but differs in 

 having the carpels of the 

 ovary entirely free and equal in number to the petals, 

 but the forms pass easily into the Saxifragacese through 

 Francoa and Tetilla, and back again through Triactina. 

 The genera, as usually treated, are ill defined, and 

 certain species of Sedum cross over the lines of Crassula, 

 Cotyledon and Sempervivum, while between Crassula 

 and Tillsea no very clear distinction can be made. 



Crassulas are greenhouse plants requiring a dry 

 atmosphere during the resting-period. While making 

 growth, they may be treated like other greenhouse 

 plants in the way of watering, placing them in the 

 lightest and airiest part of the house. The pots must 

 be drained so that any surplus moisture will easily 

 pass through. The soil should consist of sand, loam, 

 broken brick, and a very small quantity of leaf-soil or 

 thoroughly rotted cow-manure. Propagation is usually 

 from cuttings. Some of the species, such as C. falcata, 

 do not give much material for this purpose, and they 

 should, therefore, be headed over and the tops put in 

 dry sand in the spring, allowing water only when they 

 show signs of shriveling. The cut-over plants should 



1095. Crassula quadriflda. 

 (XH) 



