878 



CRASSULA 



be encouraged to make side shoots, which may be 

 rooted after they are large enough. (G. W. Oliver.) 



A. Floral parts in 4's. 



quadrifida, Baker. Fig. 1095. Perennial: Ivs. oblong- 

 spatulate, the upper ones rounder, decussate: fls. with 

 their parts in 4's, panicled, white, tinged red. Cape. 



AA. Floral parts in 5's, which is considered to be normal 

 in the genus. 



B. Lvs. petioled. 



cordata, Soland. Plant slender and shrubby, 1-3 ft., 

 erect or diffused and sometimes rooting at the joints: 

 Ivs. dotted, stalked, cordate-reniform, obtuse, entire, 

 glabrous: cymes panicle-like; fls. reddish, sometimes 

 pure white; petals free, lanceolate, spreading. Cape. 

 Winter. Closely allied to C. spathulata. 



spathulata, Thunb. Somewhat shrubby, more slender 

 and trailing than C. cordata, decumbent, branching: 

 Ivs. stalked, roundish, crenate, glabrous, shining above: 

 corymbs panicle-like; fls. rosy or flesh-colored: petals 

 acute. Cape. L.B.C. 4:359 as C. cordata). Likely to 

 be cult, as C. cordata. 



BB. Lvs. not petioled (or only tapering to base). 

 c. Foliage glaucous. 



falcata, Wendl. (Rdchea falcata, DC.). Height 3-8 

 ft.: Ivs. grown together at the base, thick, glaucous, 

 oblong, falcate: fls. small, numerous (50 or more), in 

 a crimson, rarely white, dense, terminal corymb; 

 corolla-tube J^in. long, as long as the limb or shorter. 

 Cape. B.M. 2035. 



cc. Foliage not glaucous. 



lactea, Soland. Plant shrubby, branching, tortuous 

 below, 1-2 ft.: Ivs. narrow-obovate, acutish or acumi- 

 nate, narrowed and grown together at the base, gla- 

 brous, spotted along the margin: cymes panicle-like, 

 many-fld.; fls. white, small. Cape. Winter. B.M. 

 1771. L.B.C. 8:735. A free-flowering window plant 

 of easy cult. There is a form with variegated Ivs. 

 Differs from C. arborescens in the narrower acute Ivs. 

 that are more tapering at base, and in the color of 

 the fls. 



arborescens, Willd. Fleshy erect shrub, reaching 

 8-10 ft. : Ivs. roundish-obovate and obtuse, tapering to 

 base, fleshy, flat and glaucous, dotted above, the edges 

 smooth: fls. rather large, rose-colored, in trichotomous 

 panicled cymes. Cape. B.M. 384 (as C. Cotyledon). 



C. atrosanguinea, Barbey. Erect, 12-20 in., rigid: st. reddish, 

 branched at top: Ivs. aloe-like, straight or recurved, glabrous, nar- 

 rowed from base to apex, often 8 in. long, rosulate and on the st. : 

 fls. dark red, in a dense terminal many-fld. cluster. Transvaal. 

 C. cocdnea. Linn.=Rochea coccinea. C. congtsta, N. E. Br. Only 

 3K in. high: Ivs. thick and fleshy, ovate-lanceolate: fls. numerous, 

 densely crowded in a sessile terminal head, the petals scarcely J^in. 

 long, white. S. Afr. C. conjtincta, N. E. Br. Lvs. concave: fls. 

 pure white in a compact narrow cluster. S. Afr. C. dectpiens, N. E. 

 Br. Dwarf tufted perennial: Ivs. densely covered with blunt 

 papillae or nipple-like projections, fleshy, oblong: fls. very small, 

 white, in terminal 3-branched cymes. S. Afr.(?). C. jasmlnea, 

 Ker-Gawl==Rochea jasminea. C. sedifdlia, N. E. Br. Only 1-2 in. 

 high when in bloom: Ivs. in small tufts at the base and 3 or 4 pairs 

 on the fl.-sts., bright green, ciliate, with red-brown spots along the 

 margin: fls. white, 3-9 together in terminal cymes. S. Afr. 

 C. varidbilis, N. E. Br. Plant 3-6 in. high, branched at base: Ivs. 

 in 4 rows, densely imbricated, ovate, small (J$n. or less long), 

 ciliate on margin: fls. white, or red outside, 5-7 in small cymes 

 disposed in a narrow terminal panicle. S. Afr. L H B t 



CRAT^E-MfiSPILUS: Cratxgus grandiflora. 



CRAT^GO-MESPILUS. This name has been 

 bestowed on a graft hybrid between Cratsegus mon- 

 ogyna and Mespilus germanica, discovered in 1894 in 

 the garden of M. Dardar at Bronvaux near Metz, 

 Germany. Like Laburnum Adamii, which is probably 

 the best known of the graft hybrids, it produces at the 

 same time branches intermediate in their characters 

 between the parents and branches resembling more or 

 less closely the parent plants. Two distinct forms pro- 



CRAT^EGUS 



duced on different branches of the parent tree have 

 been prop, and distributed under the names C. Dardari 

 and C. Asnieresii. The first form (C. Dardari, Simon- 

 Louis), has the Ivs. and the frs. very similar to those of 

 the medlar, but the branches are spiny, the fls. appear 

 in corymbs, are distinctly pedicelled and have 15-20 

 stamens and the frs. have only 1-3 stones, measure 

 M~/4 m - across, and are crowned by persistent upright 

 connivent calyx-lobes. M.D.G. 1912:101. The second 

 form, C. Asnieresii, Schneid. (C. Jules d'Asnieres, 

 Simon-Louis) resembles more Cratsegus monogyna, but 

 is pubescent; the Ivs. on the flowering branchlets are 

 usually oval to obovate and often entire, while those of 

 the shoots are ovate or rhombic-ovate and usually with 

 1 to 3 rounded or rarely acute lobes on either side; the 

 fls. are borne in pubescent, 6-12-fld. corymbs, have 20 

 stamens and 1-2 styles; the fr. is subglobose and .less 

 than Hin. across. G.C. III. 50:183, 185. Gn. 75, p. 

 310. M.D.G. 1912:100. While C. Dardari is botani- 

 cally more interesting, C. Asnieresii is more ornamental 

 and forms a handsome small tree with gracefully arch- 

 ing branches studded with numerous fl.-clusters. It is 

 prop, by budding or grafting like the horticultural 

 varieties of Crata3gus. ALFRED REHDEK. 



\ 



CRAT-3JGUS (ancient Greek name, derived from 

 kratos, strength, on account of the hardiness of the 

 wood). Rosacese, subfam. Pomex. CRATEGUS. HAW- 

 THORN. Woody plants grown for their handsome foliage, 

 attractive flowers and decorative fruit which, in a few 

 species, is edible, and also for their picturesque habit: 

 very valuable for ornament. 



Shrubs or small trees, usually spiny: Ivs. alternate, 

 deciduous, stipulate, serrate, often lobed or pinnatifid: 

 fls. white, in some varieties red, in corymbs, rarely 

 solitary; petals and calyx -lobes 5; stamens 5-25, 

 usually 10 or 20; styles 1-5: fr. a drupe-like pome, with 

 1-5 1-seeded bony stones. A large genus, widely dis- 

 tributed in the temperate regions of the northern 

 hemisphere, most abundant in N. Amer., where be- 

 tween 800 and 900 species have been described, while 



from the Old World 

 only about 60 species 

 are known. There ex- 

 ists no recent mono- 

 graph of the genus; a 

 systematic enumera- 

 tion of the arborescent 

 American species will 

 be found in Sargent, 

 "Manual of the Trees 

 of North America," 

 pp. 363-504; of the 

 species of the southern 

 states in Small, "Flora 

 of the Southeastern 

 United States," pp. 

 532-569; and of the 

 species of the north- 

 eastern states in Gray's 

 Manual, ed. 7, p. 460- 

 79, and in Britton and 

 Brown, 111. Flor. (ed. 

 2) 2:294-321; for the 

 species cult, in Euro- 

 pean gardens, see 

 Lange, "Reyisio Speci- 

 erum Generis Cratsegi" 

 (1897), quoted below as Lange. 



The hawthorns are hardy ornamental shrubs and 

 trees, mostly of dense and low growth, with handsome 

 foliage, turning, in most species, to a brilliant coloring in 

 the fall. Almost all have attractive white flowers, pink 

 or crimson in some varieties of C. Oxyacantha and G, 

 monogyna. Most of the species have very decorative 

 fruit which in C. Phaenopyrum, C. nitida, C. viridis, C. 



1096. Thorns of Crategus. They 

 are modified branches, being in the 

 axils of leaves; sometimes, as in the 

 lower figure, some of the short 

 branches bear leaves. 



