CRAT^GUS 



CREPIS 



889 



fld., compact: fr. subglobose, obscurely angled, crimson, slightly 

 pruinose, l Ain. long, in Oct. W. N. Y. C. Pdlmeri, Sarg. Allied to 

 C. Crus-galli. Tree, to 25 ft.: Ivs. broadly ovate to oblong, rounded 

 or acute at the apex, coarsely serrate, glabrous: corymbs glabrous; 

 stamens 10, with yellow anthers: fr. dull green, tinged with red, in 

 Oct. S.M. 381. C. peregrina, Sarg. Allied to C. mollis. Tree: 

 Ivs. ovate, broadly cuneate, with 5-6 pairs of narrow lobes, glabrous 

 above, villous beneath: corymbs many-fld., villous: fr. ovate-glo- 

 bose, dark dull purple, pubescent at the base and apex, J^in. across. 

 Origin unknown, probably S. W. Asia. S.T.S. 2:191. C. per- 

 jucunda, Sarg. Allied to C. pruinosa. Spiny, shrub, glabrous: Ivs. 

 ovate, acuminate, dark green above: corymbs 8-10-fld.; anthers 

 white: fr. ovoid, orange-red, finally crimson, slender-stalked, less 

 than J^in. long, in Oct. Ont., N. Y. C. persimilis, Sarg. Allied to 

 C. Crus-galli. Shrub, to 8 ft.: Ivs. oblong-oboyate to oval, usually 

 acute, veins prominent, slightly hairy while young: corymbs 

 slightly villous; stamens 10-20: fr. subglobose or ovoid, crimson, 

 lustrous, with 1-2 stones. N. Y. C, priecox, Sarg. (C. prsecoqua, 

 Sarg.). Allied to C. rotundifolia. Shrub, to 10 ft., spiny: Ivs. 

 rhomboidal to oval, slightly hairy while young, glabrous at matu- 

 rity and scabrous above: corymbs slightly villous, many-fld.; sta- 

 mens 10: fr. subglobose, dark crimson, %in. thick, in Aug. Vt., 

 Que. C. promissa, Sarg. Allied to C. pruinosa. Shrub, to 12 ft., 

 spiny, glabrous: Ivs. oblong-ovate, acuminate, deeply lobed: 

 corymbs lax, many-fld.; stamens 5-7; anthers pink: fr. ovoid, 

 crimson, not pruinose, less than J^in. long, in Sept. W. N. Y. 

 C. Pyracdntha, Pers.=Pyracantha coccinea. C. rivularis, Nutt. 

 Allied to C. Douglasii. Shrub: Ivs. ovate-lanceolate, serrate, gla- 

 brous at length. Wyo. to Colo, and Utah. S.S. 4: 176. C. Sdr- 

 gentii, Beadle. Allied to C. intricata. Tree, to 20 ft. : Ivs. elliptic 

 to oblong^ovate, slightly lobed, glabrous at maturity: corymbs 

 slightly villous or glabrous; stamens 20, with purple anthers: fr. 

 yellow or orange-yellow, tinged with red, in Sept. Ga. to Tenn. and 

 Ala. C. songdrica, Regel=C. Wattiana. C. spathulata, Michx. 

 Shrub or tree, to 20 ft.: Ivs. cuneate, oblanceolate, crenately ser- 

 rate or 3-lobed at the apex: corymbs many-fld.: fr. scarlet, globular, 

 }^in. across. Southern states. S.S. 4:185. B.R. 22:1846 (as C. 

 microcarpa). The only species of the group Microcarpse allied to 

 the Apiifolise. C. trifldra, Chapm. Shrub or small tree, to 20 ft.: 

 Ivs. ovate or elliptic, serrate, often slightly lobed, pubescent, 1-2 V6 

 in. long: corymbs 3-fld., hirsute; fls. 1 in. across; stamens 20; anthers 

 yellow: fr. globose, red. Ga., Ala. Belongs to the group Triflorse, 

 allied to Intricatse. Very distinct and handsome ; has proved hardy 

 at the Arnold Arboretum. C. verecunda, Sarg. Allied to C. intri- 

 cata. Shrub, about 3 ft., spiny, glabrous: Ivs. oblong-obovate or 

 oval, acute or acuminate, light bluish green: corymbs 6-10-fld.; 

 stamens 7; anthers white: fr. ovoid or obovoid, less than Hin. long, 

 with 2-3 stones, in Sept. or Oct. W. N. Y. C. Wattiana, Hemsl. 

 & Lace. (C. altaica, Lange. C. songarica, Regel). Allied to C. san- 

 guinea. Lvs. smaller, truncate at the base, glabrous: corymbs gla- 

 brous: fr. yellow or reddish yellow, smaller. Cent. Asia. Var. 

 incisa, Schneid. (C. Korolkowii, Henry. C. sanguinea var. incisa, 

 Regel). Lvs. more' deeply and acutely lobed. R.H. 1901:301. C. 

 Wilsonii, Sarg. Allied to C. tomentosa. Shrub, to 20 ft.: Ivs. ovate 

 or obovate, acute or obtuse, lustrous above, sparingly villous be- 

 neath: fr. ovoid, red, nearly J^in. long, with 1-3 stones. Cent. 



ALFRED REHDER. 



CRAT.5JVA (after Cratevas, an obscure writer on 

 medicinal plants, not, as sometimes stated, at the time of 

 Hippocrates, but at the beginning of the first century 

 B. C., since he named a plant after Mithridates). Cap- 

 paridacese. Tropical trees and shrubs, sometimes 

 planted in the warm parts of the country. 



Leaves 3-foliolate: fls. in corymbs, usually polyg- 

 amous, with the odor of garlic; sepals and petals 4; 

 stamens 8-20; torus elongated: berries ovate-globose, 

 with a slender stripe. Ten species, around the globe. 

 The bark of the garlic pear, C. gynandra, blisters like 

 cantharides. C. religiosa, from Malabar and the Society 

 Isls. is a sacred tree, and is planted in native grave- 

 yards. The bitter, aromatic Ivs. and bark are used 

 by them in stomach troubles. The above and some 

 other species are cult, in Eu. as ornamental green- 

 house shrubs. 



religiosa, Forst. f. (C. Nurvdla, Buch.-Ham.). A 

 spreading unarmed deciduous tree of graceful propor- 

 tions: Ivs. long-petioled, the Ifts. 2f-3 times as long as 

 broad: fls. 2-3 in. across, showy, yellow, or purplish 

 yellow, the petals long-clawed. Once cult, by Fran- 

 ceschi, Santa Barbara, Calif., but reported by him as 

 no longer in cult, there. Excellent greenhouse plant N. 



N. TAYLOR. f 



CRATEROSTIGMA (Greek, referring to character of 

 stigma). Scrophulariacese. Torenia-like perennial low 

 nearly stemless herbs of E. and S. Afr., sometimes 

 grown under glass. Lvs. radical, plantago-like, many- 

 nerved, entire: fls. lilac and purple, spicate, racemose or 

 even solitary; calyx tubular, 5-ribbed and narrowly 

 5-toothed; corolla tubular, 5-ribbed and 5-toothed, the 



tube enlarged toward the top, the limb 2-lipped, the 

 dorsal lip concave and entire or emarginate, the other 

 large and spreading and 3-lobed; stamens 4 and per- 

 fect, in unequal pairs; style filiform, 2-lobed and 

 dilated at apex: fr. an oblong caps, included in the 

 calyx. Differs from Torenia in technical floral char- 

 acters and in being nearly or quite stemless and with 

 only radical Ivs. About 4 species. C. pumilum, 

 Hochst. (Torenia auricubefblia, Dombr.) has fls. on 

 slender pedicels Yy-V/i in. long, the corolla-lobes pale 

 lilac blotched with purple and veined with white: 

 Ivs. sessile, ovate, in a basal rosette, pubescent beneath 

 and nearly glabrous above. E.Africa. F.M. 10:534. A 

 stemless perennial. L. H B 



CREPIS (Greek for Sandal; application obscure). 

 Compdsitse. A large group of annual, biennial and peren- 

 nial herbs, a few of which are now and then grown in 

 outdoor gardens for the showy flowers. 



Much like Hieracium, dif- 

 fering mostly in the simpler 

 involucre, white soft pappus, 

 and beaked achene: Ivs. radi- 

 cal and cauline, the former 

 mostly runcinate, repand or 

 pinnatisect, the latter mostly 

 clasping: heads pedunculate, 

 solitary or paniculate, all the 

 florets perfect and ligulate, 

 the rays yellow, orange or 

 red: fr. a smooth achene. 

 Perhaps 250 species in the 

 north temperate zone, some 

 of them weedy and widely 

 dispersed. Among the cult, 

 kinds is C. sibirica, which 

 resembles a sow-thistle in 

 habit, and has corymbs of 

 reddish blue fls. about the 

 size of a hawkweed, or a 

 small dandelion. It is one of 

 the coarser border 

 plants, and rare. 

 Rather light, sandy 

 soil, and full exposure 

 to the sun are essen- 

 tials to the welfare 

 of this plant. It is contented 

 in a rather dry position, either 

 in the rockery, or in the 

 border. It is prop, by divi- 

 sion. A common plant on 

 the moss of English thatched 

 cottages is C. virens, a yel- 

 low-fld. plant, resembling a 

 dandelion. C. rubra appears 

 to be the commonest annual 

 species cult, abroad. 



sibirica, Linn. Perennial, 2-3 ft. high, and at least as 

 wide when in bloom: plant covered with short rough 

 hairs: root large, fleshy: Ivs. rough, wrinkled, the lower 

 coarsely dentate, the upper often somewhat cordate, 

 12 in. long, including a petiole half as long: fls. bright 

 yellow in a strictly terminal corymb; involucre loose, 

 hairy. July. Eu., Asia Minor, Himalayas. Gn. 53, p. 

 493. The tallest and largest-fld. of the genus. Its 

 white plumy masses of seeds are also attractive. 



aftrea, Reichb. Black-hairy: height 1 ft. or less: 

 fls. orange, mostly solitary: lower Ivs. spatulate-oblong, 

 toothed, shining. June. Alps. One of the commonest 

 perennial species of the genus abroad. Repays rich soil. 



rftbra, Linn. Fig. 1105. Annual: height l Ar\ l A ft.: 

 fls. red, usually solitary, the involucre being hispid. 

 An attractive little flower-garden plant. Var. alba, 

 Hort., has flesh-colored or whitish fls. Italy, Greece. 



1105. Crepis rubra. 



