904 



CRYPTOMERIA 



CTENANTHE 



nate oblong, yellow, forming short racemes at the 

 end of the branches, pistillate globular, solitary, at 

 the end of short branchlets: cone globular, with thick, 

 wedge-shaped scales, furnished with a recurved point 

 on the back and with pointed lobes at the apex, each 

 scale with 3-5 narrow-winged, erect seeds. One species 

 in China and Japan, extensively planted for avenues, 

 and as timber trees in the latter country, where the 

 light and easily worked but durable wood is much used. 



It is hardy as far north as New York, and thrives in 

 sheltered positions even in New England. It seems, 

 however, in cultivation, not to assume the beauty it 

 possesses in its native country. With us, it looks best 

 as a young plant, when it much resembles the Arau- 

 caria excelsa. It is therefore sometimes grown in pots. 

 It thrives best in a rich, loamy and moist soil and 

 sheltered position. Propagated by seeds or by cuttings 

 of growing wood, especially var. elegans, which grows 

 very readily. The horticultural varieties are also some- 

 times increased by grafting. 



japonica, Don. Tree, attaining 125 ft.: Ivs. linear- 

 subulate, compressed and slightly 4- or 3-angled, bluish 

 green, J^-l in. long: cone brownish red, %-l in. across. 

 S.Z. 124. H.I. 7:668. R.H. 1887, p. 392. Gng. 4:197. 

 F.E. 10:510. G.F. 6:446. Of the garden forms, the 

 most desirable is var. elegans, Beissn. (C. elegans, 

 Veitch). Low, dense tree, with horizontal branches 

 and pendulous branchlets: Ivs. linear, flattened, soft, 

 spreading, longer than in the type, bright green, chang- 

 ing to bronzy red in fall and winter. Very handsome 

 when young, but short-lived. Var. araucaroides, 

 Carr. Of regular pyramidal habit, with short, thick 

 falcate Ivs., resembling Araucaria excelsa. Var. 

 compacta, Beissn. Of very compact habit, with bluish 

 green foliage. Var. pyramidalis, Carr. Of narrow 

 pyramidal compact habit, dark bluish green, not chang- 

 ing to reddish brown during winter. Var. Lobbii, 

 Carr. Of compact habit, with shorter and more ap- 

 pressed bright and deep green Ivs. Var. nana, Knight. 

 Dwarf and procumbent, densely branched form; 

 adapted for rockeries. Var. spiralis, Veitch. Slender 

 shrub, with strongly falcate Ivs., twisted spirally around 

 the branchlets. S.Z. 124, fig. 4. ALFRED REHDER. 



CRYPTOPHORANTHUS (Greek, meaning to bear 

 hidden flowers}. Orchiddceae. A few Trop. American 

 orchids closely allied to Masdevallia and Pleurothallis, 

 remarkable for the almost closed fl. within which is 

 hidden the lip: sepals united at the base into a short 

 tube and joined also at the apex, the petals being 

 inside; there are openings or "windows" on either side 

 where the sepals spread apart at their middles. The 

 species require the cult, given Pleurothallis. Appa- 

 rently none is in the American trade. C. moculdtus, 

 Rplfe (Pleurothallis maculdta, Rolfe), is a little plant 

 with numerous yellow densely crimson-spotted fls. 

 C. Day anus, Rolfe (Masdevallia Daydnus, Reichb. f.). 

 and C. atropurpureus, Rodr. (Pleurothallis and Mas- 

 devallia fenestrata, Hort.), may be expected; the former 

 has upper sepal yellowish white and purple-spotted 

 keels, and inferior sepals (joined) orange with brown 

 spots; the latter has dark purple solitary fls. C. 

 Moorei, Rolfe, has small dull red-purple fls. with 

 darker lines, the lateral openings about %in. long: 

 Ivs. broadly elliptic, purple beneath, about 1 % in. long. 



CRYPTOPYRUM: Triticum. 



CRYPTOSTEGIA (Greek, krupto, conceal, and stego, 

 cover; referring to the 5-scaled crown in the corolla- 

 tube, which is not exposed to view). Asdepiadacese. 

 Tropical climbers. 



Leaves opposite: fls. large and showy in a terminal 

 trichotomous cyme; corolla funnel-shaped, the tube 

 short. Only 2 species, 1 from Trop. Afr., and 1 from 

 Madagascar. The juice of C. grandiflora, when exposed 



to the sunshine, produces caoutchouc. See Diet. 

 Economic Products India 2:625. The plant is cult, in 

 India for this purpose. It is rarely cult, in Old World 

 greenhouses for ornament. It is said to be of easy cult, 

 in a warmhouse and prop, by cuttings. 



grandiflora, R. Br. (Nerium grandiflorum, Roxbg.). 

 St. erect, woody: branches twining: Ivs. opposite, 

 short-stalked, oblong, entire, 3 in. long, 1J^ in. wide: 

 fls. in a short spreading cyme, reddish purple, becom- 

 ing lilac or pale pink, about 2 in. across, twisted in the 

 bud: fr. a follicle. Old W'orld, probably Indian origin, 

 but established in the African Isls. of the Indian Ocean, 

 especially Reunion. Hooker, however, thinks that it 

 was originally a Trop. African plant. B.R. 435. 

 Once cult, at Oneco, Fla., by Reasoner, and not uncom- 

 mon in botanic gardens under glass. Called pulay or 

 palay in India where it is widely cult, as an ornamental. 

 Not important as a rubber plant. 



madagascariensis, Hemsl. A climbing glabrous 

 shrub: Ivs. short-petioled, leathery, variable in out- 

 line, 2-4 in. long: fls. 2^-3 in. across, pink or whitish, 

 not lilac as in many specimens of C. grandiflora; corolla- 

 lobes longer than the tube. Madagascar. A very 

 showy greenhouse climber with cymose infl. 



N. TAYLOR.! 



CRYPTOSTEMMA (Greek, hidden crown). Com- 

 posite. Two or 3 hoary herbs, by some united with 

 Arctotis, apparently not in the trade, but sometimes 

 mentioned in gardening literature: diffuse or creep- 

 ing, with basal or alternate Ivs. that are dentate or 

 lyrate-pinnatisect, villous above and white-tomentose 

 or woolly beneath: heads radiate, yellow or more or 

 less purplish, rather large, peduncled, or solitary on 

 leafless scapes, the rays sterile: achene densely villous, 

 5-ribbed, the pappus paleaceous and in 1 series. C. 

 calendulaceum, R. Br. (C. lusitdnicum, Hort.), is a 

 free-blooming annual with pale yellow rays and a dark 

 brown disk, the heads on 1-fld. peduncles: Ivs. pinnati- 

 fid, 3-nerved. Cape and Austral. B.M. 2252. G.C. 

 III. 28:390, desc. C. Forbesidnum, Harv., and C'. ni- 

 veum, Nichols. (Microstephium niveum, Less.), of S. Afr., 

 may be more or less in cult. Both have yellow rays, in 

 the latter the heads being solitary and the plant decum- 

 bent or creeping and the Ivs. ovate, cordate or orbicu- 

 lar; in the former the Ivs. are mostly pinnatisect, the 

 margins revolute. 



CRYPTOSTYLIS (hidden style, Greek). Syn. Zos- 

 terostylis. Orchiddcese. Eight or 10 terrestrial orchids of 

 the E. Indies, Malaya and Austral., allied to Pogonia. 

 Lys. solitary or few, narrow and membranaceous, on 

 stiff petioles: fls. rather large, racemose or spicate on 

 simple sheathed scapes, the sepals and petals very 

 slender or even awl-like and nearly or quite equal; 

 lip large, sessile, the broad base inclosing the column 

 and then expanding into a broad blade. C. arachnites, 

 Blume. Rootstock fleshy: Ivs. erect, green, lanceo- 

 late: fls. on a scape 18 in. or less high, many and 

 spider-like, the sepals and petals green and the fleshy 

 lip purple and mottled, pubescent and grooved. India 

 (Ceylon, Khasia). B.M. 5381. A curious indoor orchid. 



CTENANTHE (Greek, comb-flower). Marantdcese. 

 About a dozen Brazilian plants closely allied to Cala- 

 thea and Maranta, differing from the former in belong- 

 ing to the 1-seeded section of the family and from the 

 latter in having a shorter corolla-tube and different 

 shaped fls. Sepals 3, free and equal, somewhat parch- 

 ment-like; corolla-tube short but wide, the lobes 3 and 

 nearly equal and hooded at the apex; staminal tube very 

 short; 2 exterior staminodia petal-like, short, obovate 

 and hooded, with lateral deflexed lobes. The ctenanthes 

 are perennial herbs with basal and cauline Ivs. that are 

 more or less petiolate, and crowded fls. in terminal 

 spikes or racemes. They are glasshouse plants requir- 



