938 



CYMBIDIUM 



CYNANCHUM 



between C. giganteum X C. eburneum. Racemes 10^15-fld. ; fls. 

 about 4 in. across; sepals and petals ivory-white; lip ivory-white, 

 spotted with crimson. O.K. 1:361; 12:369. G.M. 51:179. 

 C. Woodhamsianum, Hort. Hybrid between C. Lowianum X 

 C. Veitchii. G. 30:107. C. woodland erase, Hort. Hybrid between 

 C. Traceyanum X C. Mastersii. C. Zaleskianum, Hort. Natural 

 hybrid between C. giganteum xC. grandiflorum. 



GEORGE V. 



CYMBOPETALUM (Latin, signifying boat-petal, 

 from the shape of its petals). Annonaceae. A group of 



Elants remarkable for the fragrance of their aromatic 

 owers. 



Flowers with the 3 inner petals having the margin 

 incurved somewhat like the upper part of the human 

 ear, the several-ovuled 

 carpels forming a clus- 

 ter issuing from a 

 globose mass of sta- 

 mens: fr. in the form 

 of separate oblong 

 berries borne on the 

 hardened torus or re- 

 ceptacle and resemb- 

 ling that of our papaw 

 (Asimina triloba). 

 Several species, all of 

 them endemic in Trop. 

 Amer. Among the 

 species thus far de- 

 scribed are C. brasil- 

 iensis, Benth. (Uvaria 

 brasiliensis, Velloso ) . 

 C. penduliflorum, Baill. 

 (Unona penduliflora, 

 Dunal). C. longipes, 

 Diels, and C. stenophyl- 

 lum, Donnell Smith. 



pendulifldrum, Baill. 

 XOCHINACAZTLI. TEO- 

 NACAZTLI. SACRED 

 EARFLOWER of the 

 Aztecs. OREJUELA. 

 FLOR DE LA OREJA. 

 MEXICAN EARFLOWER. 

 Figs. 1186, 1187. A 

 shrub or small tree 

 with distichous, mem- 



branaceous, subsessile Ivs. oblanceolate in form, sub- 

 cordate and usually unequal at the base, acute at the 

 apex: solitary fls. borne on long slender peduncles 

 issuing from the internodes of the smaller branches; 

 sepals broadly ovate or suborbicular, cuspidate, reflexed 

 at length; outer petals similar to the sepals but much 

 larger; inner petals thick and fleshy, their margin 

 involute, causing them to resemble a human ear. 

 The pungently aromatic fls. when fresh are greenish 

 yellow, with the inner surface of the inner petals inclin- 

 ing to orange-color, at length turning brownish purple 

 or maroon, breaking with a bright orange-colored 

 fracture. The tree is planted for the sake of its fra- 

 grant fls., the petals of which are dried and are used 

 medicinally as well as for imparting a spicy flavor to 

 food. They were used by the ancient Mexicans before 

 the intro. of cinnamon and other spices from the E. 

 Indies for flavoring their chocolate. Though described 

 by Hernandez more than two centuries ago, the botani- 

 cal identity of the xochinacaztli remained unknown 

 until quite recently (see Smithsonian Report for 1910, 

 pp. 427-431, 1911). This species is native of the mts. 

 of S. Mex. and Guatemala. A closely related species, 

 C. stenophyllum, Donnell Smith, was discovered by 

 Capt. John Donnell Smith in the Dept. of Quetzal- 

 tenango, Guatemala; and another species, C. cos- 

 taricense, Safford (Asimina costaricensis, Donnell Smith) 

 was collected by Adolf o Tonduz in the Dept. of Tala- 

 manca, Costa Rica, in April, 1894. Steps have been 

 taken by the Bureau of Plant Industry to intro. into 



1186. Cymbopetalum penduli- 

 florum. 



the U. S. C. penduliflorum, seeds of which have been 

 sent from Guatemala by the American Consul-General, 

 George A. Bucklin. The other Cent. American spe- 

 cies, as well as C. brasiliense, recently collected by 

 Henry Pittier in Venezuela, are equally worthy of 

 cult, in greenhouses and in the warmer regions of 

 Fla., Calif, and the Island possessions. 



W. E. SAFFORD. 



CYMBOPOGON (Greek kumbo, a cup, and pogon, 

 beard). Graminese. Oil-producing grasses. 



The genus resembles Andropogon, of which it is 

 considered by some a subgenus, but differs in having 

 some of the lower" pairs of spikelets in each 

 spike staminate. The spike-like racemes are 

 borne in pairs at the ends of the short branches 

 of the infl. and are subtended by a somewhat 

 inflated sheath. About 40 species, mostly of 

 the tropics of the Old World. Several species 

 furnish essential oils and some are cult, for 

 that purpose. They are 

 known under the general 

 name of oil grasses or 

 lemon grasses. Some of 

 the more important are: 

 C. Schaendnthus, Spreng. 

 CAMEL HAY. Fig. 1188. 

 G.W.U:3W;C.Ndrdus, 

 Rendle. CITRONELLA 

 GRASS. Gn. 12:495; C. 

 dtrdtus, DC. LEMON 

 GRASS. Gn. 12:495. 

 For a full account of 

 these, see Kew Bull. 

 Misc. Inf. No. 8, 1906. 

 See also Vetiveria. 

 A. S. HITCHCOCK. 



CYNANCHUM 



(Greek, dog strangle) . 

 Asclepiaddcese. Herbace- 

 ous or sometimes half 

 woody at the base, twi- 

 ning, sometimes seen in 

 gardens. 



In the restricted sense 

 as limited by Bentham 

 & Hooker, perhaps 25 

 species differing from 

 Vincetoxicum in having 

 a scale or ligule on the 

 inside of each of the 5 

 parts of the crown: Ivs. 

 opposite, cordiform or 

 hastate: fls. small, in 

 umbelliform or racemi- 

 form cymes; calyx 5- 

 parted; corolla nearly 

 rotate, deeply 5-cut, the 

 lobes oblong or round- 

 ish; corona membranaceous, adnate to the stamen- 

 tube, cup-shaped or at base ringed, 5-lobed opposite 

 the anthers and with inner scales or small lobes: 

 follicles rather fleshy, acuminate and smooth. The 

 genus is mostly of S. Eu., Afr., Asia and Austral. 

 Schumann in Engler & Prantl combines Vincetoxicum 

 and other genera with it, making more than 100 spe- 

 cies in the warmer parts of both hemispheres. Vince- 

 toxicum is here kept distinct. 



acuminatifdlium, Hemsl. (Vincetoxicum acuminatum, 

 Decne. V. japonicum, Hort.). MOSQUITO PLANT. 

 CRUEL PLANT. Perennial : erect or nearly so, or the tips 

 showing a somewhat twining habit: sts. grayish and 

 more or less angular: Ivs. opposite, broadly ovate and 

 acuminate, short-petioled, strongly pinnate-veined, 

 entire, usually conspicuously gray-pubescent beneath : 



1187. Cymbopetalum 

 penduliflorum . 



