CYNOGLOSSUM 



939 



fl.-clusters lateral (1-2 between the Ivs.), shorter than 

 the Ivs.; fls. white, small, in umbel-like cymes: fr. a 

 milkweed-like follicle. Japan. In the fls. mosquitos 

 and other insects are caught, much as they are in other 

 asclepiadaceous plants. The native Amsonia Tabernx- 

 montana is sometimes sold as this plant, and it has been 

 figured as such. This plant attracted 

 attention some years ago as a curi- 

 ous garden subject. Other species 

 are mentioned in foreign gardening 

 literature, but they are apparently 

 not in the American trade. C. acutum, 

 Linn., with cordate smooth Ivs. and 

 white or rose-colored fragrant fls., is 

 a climber in S. Eu., reaching 10 or 12 

 ft. C. formosum, N. E. Br., is gla- 

 brous, with petiolate ovate, elliptic or 

 oblong-ovate acuminate Ivs.: fls. in 

 large lateral pedunculate cymes; co- 

 rolla pale green, deeply lobed ; corona 

 tubular - bell - shaped, 15 - crenulate, 

 prominent. Peru. L. H. B. 



CYNARA (involucre spines 

 likened to a dog's tooth). 

 Compdsitse. ARTICHOKE and 

 CARDOON. 



Thistle-like perennial herbs, 

 mostly coarse, and sometimes 

 prickly: Ivs. commonly large, 

 variously lobed or pinnatisect : 

 head large, terminating im- 

 portant branches, the corollas 

 violet, blue, or white; in- 

 volucre broad or nearly glob- 

 ular, with bracts in many 

 series and more or less en- 

 larged at the base; receptacle 

 fleshy and plane, bristly; co- 

 rolla slender-tubed, 5-parted, 

 not ligulate: fr. a thick gla- 

 brous compressed or 4-angled 

 achene with a truncate apex. 

 Ten or a dozen species \ 

 in the Medit. region and V 

 Canary Isls., two of which 

 are grown as garden 

 vegetables. 



Cardunculus, Linn. CARDOON 

 (which see). Robust, to 6 ft. 

 tall and more: st. grooved: Ivs. 

 very large, deeply pinnatifid, 

 grayish green above and whitish 

 beneath, prominently spiny: 

 heads purple -fld., with sharp- 

 pointed scales. S. Eu., but ex- 

 tensively run wild on the pampas 

 of S. Amer. B.M. 3241. In 

 cult., the thickened If .-stalks or 

 ribs are blanched and used as a 

 pot-herb, and the root is also 

 edible. 



Scplymus, Linn. ARTICHOKE 

 (which see). Not so stout, 

 usually 3-5 ft. : Ivs. less pinnatifid 

 and spiny: scales of in- 

 volucre broad, thickened 

 at base, unarmed: heads 

 larger than in C. Cardunc- 

 ulus, the receptacle en- 

 larged and fleshy. Probably a derivative of the 

 last. L. H. B. 



CYNODON (Greek kuon, a dog, and odons, a tooth). 

 Graminese. Low creeping perennials, used for lawns 

 and pasture. 



60 



1188. Cymbopogon Schcenanthus. 



1189. Cynodon dactylon. (Natural size.) 



Flowers in slender digitate spikes; spikelets 1-fld., 

 compressed, awnless, sessile in 2 rows along one side 

 of a slender rachis. -Species 4, in warm regions. 



dactylon, Pers. (Capribla ddctylon, Kuntze). BER- 

 MUDA-GRASS. WIRE-GRASS. Fig. 1189. Sts. flattened, 

 slender, creeping and rooting at the nodes, producing 



numerous slender or 

 stout creeping root- 

 stocks: blades hairy 

 around the base: spikes 

 4-5, 1-1 % in. long. Dept. 

 Agric., Div. Agrost. 20: 

 99. A native of the 

 warmer parts of the Old 

 World, now widely dis- 

 tributed in the warmer 

 parts of the western 

 hemisphere. Cult, as a 

 pasture and lawn grass 

 in the southern states. 

 Often a troublesome 

 weed in cult, ground. A 

 fine-lvd. form with run- 

 ners above ground, much 

 used in the S. for lawns, 

 is called St. Lucie grass. 

 In Eu. the stolons are 

 said to be used medici- 

 nally like couch-grass, 

 principally as a diuretic. 



C. incompletus, Nees. BLUB 

 COUCH-GRASS. Occurs in E. 

 and S. Afr. and also New S. 

 Wales, where it is used as a 

 pasture grass. It is reported 

 as poisoning stock, at certain 

 stages of its growth producing 

 hydrocyanic (prussic) acid. 



A. S. HITCHCOCK. 



CYNOGLOSSUM 



(Greek, hound's tongue, 

 from the shape and soft 

 surface of the Ivs. of the 

 commonest species). 

 Borragindcese. A widely 

 dispersed genus of little 

 horticultural interest, 

 being mostly tall, coarse, 

 weedy herbs. Lvs. alter- 

 nate: fls. always in elon- 

 gated, often 1- sided 

 racemes. Species 75. C. 

 officinal e, Linn., Fig. 

 1190 (stick-tight), has a 

 bur that becomes at- 

 tached to clothing and to 

 fleece of sheep. It is a 

 biennial weed, natural- 

 ized from the Old World ; 



grows about 2 ft. high in pastures and waste places of 

 the Atlantic states, and has soft-pubescent, lanceolate 

 Ivs., and dull red-purple (sometimes white) fls. in pani- 

 cled racemes. Root and herbage possess medicinal prop- 

 erties. C. grande, Douglas. Once cult, from Calif. 

 as a hardy border perennial; 

 grows about 2 ft. high, with 

 lower Ivs. ovate - oblong, or 

 somewhat heart-shaped at the 

 base, acute or acuminate, 4-8 

 in. long, on margined petioles 

 of about the same length: upper Ivs. 

 smaller, ovate to lanceolate, abruptly 

 contracted into shorter winged petioles: 

 fls. violet or blue. For C. appenninum, 

 Linn., see Solenanthus. A new plant, 

 C. furcatum, Wall., has recently been 



Bur of 



H ound''s tongue 

 or stick-tight. 



