DEUTZIA 



DEWBERRY 



995 



Var. Idctea, Rehd., with white fls., var. stell&ta, Rehd., with narrow 

 spreading petals, pale pink or carmine-pink, and var. densifldra, 

 Rehd., with white fls. in dense upright panicles, petals narrow; all 

 these varieties described by Lemoine as varieties of D. discolor. 

 D. compdcla, Craib. Allied to D. parviflora. Lvs. lanceolate, 

 sparingly pubescent on both sides, %-2 in. long: fls. white in dense 

 corymbs; filaments strongly dentate. W. China. D. corymbdsa, R. 

 Br. Allied to D. parviflora. Lvs. rounded at the base, crenate-serrate, 

 long-acuminate: fls. larger; all filaments toothed. Himalayas. D, 

 discolor vars.=D. Candida, D. carnea, D. elegantissirna, D. excel- 

 lens. D. elegantlssima, Rehd. (D. purpurascens X D. Sieboldiana. 

 D. discolor var. elegantissirna, Lemoine). Shrub, with slender 

 branches, with numerous corymbs of large white, open fls. slightly 

 tinted with rose inside and outside. R.B. 36, p. 387. M.D.G. 

 1907:377, fig. 9. Var. arcuata, Rehd. (D. discolor var. arcuata, 

 Lemoine), with white fls. Var. fasciculata, Rehd. (D. discolor var. 

 fasciculata, Lemoine). Flat white fls. tinted with pink. D. excel- 

 lens, Rehd. (D. Vilmoriniana X D. rosea grandiflora. D. discolor 

 var. excellens, Lemoine). Shrub, with slender upright branches, 

 with large loose corymbs of pure white fls. D. globdsa, Duthie. 

 Similar to D. Wilsonii, but smaller in every part: fls. creamy white 

 in dense corymbs; filaments abruptly contracted below the apex. 

 Cent. China. D. glomerulifldra, Franch. Similar to D. discolor. 

 Shrub, to 6 ft.: Ivs. smaller, grayish white and soft-pubescent 

 below: fls. white in dense and small, but very numerous corymbs 

 along the slender branches; stamens like those of D. longifolia. 

 W. China. Handsome and fairly hardy. D. grdcilis vars.=D. 

 candelabrum. D. mollis, Duthie. Allied to D. parviflora. Shrub, 

 to 6 ft., with upright branches: Ivs. elliptic-ovate to elliptic-lanceo- 

 late, soft-pubescent below, 2-4 in. long: fls. small, creamy white or 

 slightly pinkish in dense flat corymbs; filaments subulate. Cent. 

 China. D. reflexa, Duthie. Allied to D. discolor. Lvs. oblong- 

 lanceolate, 2-3 in. long: fls. smaller in loose corymbs, petals with 

 reflexed margin ; filaments with short teeth or abruptly contracted. 

 Cent. China. D. stamtnea, R. Br. Shrub, to 3 ft.: Ivs. ovate or 

 ovate-lanceolate, with whitish stellate pubescence beneath: corymbs 

 many-fid.; fls. white, fragrant; filaments with large teeth. Hima- 

 layas. B.R. 33:13. Var. Brunoniana, Hook. f. & Thorns. Lvs. less 

 densely pubescent: fls. larger. B.R. 26:5 (as D. corymbosa). 



ALFRED REHDER. 



DEVIL-IN-A-BUSH: Nigetta. 



DEWBERRY. A blackberry-like fruit of trailing 

 and climbing habit, now considerably grown in North 

 America. 



The botanist makes no distinction between dew- 

 berries and blackberries. But to the fruit-grower, 

 trailing blackberries are dewberries, distinguished 

 further, and probably better separated, by the flower- 

 and fruit-clusters. In the true dewberries, the center 

 flowers open first and flowers and fruits are few and 

 scattered; in true blackberries there are hybrids 

 between the two in which the distinguishing characters 

 are confused the lower and outer flowers open first 

 and flower- and fruit-clusters are comparatively dense. 

 In the method of propagation there is a further dis- 

 tinction. In nature or under cultivation, dewberries 

 are usually propagated from the tips, while black- 

 berries are naturally propagated from suckers and 

 under cultivation from root-cuttings. 



The dewberry is an American fruit but very recently 

 domesticated if, indeed, it can be said to be domesti- 

 cated, for it is the most uncertain and the most unman- 

 ageable of the small fruits. Its history as a garden 

 plant, according to Card (Card's "Bush-Fruits, page 

 132) at the most does not go back further than 1863, 

 and dewberries were not generally cultivated until 

 well toward the close of the nineteenth century. 

 Undoubtedly, despite unmanageable habits of growth, 

 uncertainty in fruiting, the necessity of cross-pollina- 

 tion between varieties, capriciousness as to soils and 

 lack of hardiness in northerly climates, the several 

 species and the rapidly increasing number of varieties 

 of dewberries, fill a place not occupied by the better- 

 known and longer domesticated blackberries; for, as a 

 rule, they ripen earlier and, when well grown, give 

 larger, handsomer and better, or at least, differently 

 flavored fruits than the blackberry. Moreover, from 

 the several species of dewberries are being derived 

 greatly improved varieties and hybrids between them 

 and species of blackberries, of which there are now 

 several under cultivation, as Wilson Early and Wilson 

 Junior, which are most promising. These qualities 

 make certain the place of the dewberry in home and 

 commercial plantations and presage for it even greater 

 value in the future. 



Of the thirty or more species of Rubus which all 

 could agree in calling blackberries and dewberries, the 

 fruit-grower would probably distinguish five as dew- 

 berries. Between these there are hybrid forms under 

 cultivation, as probably there are in the wild, and since 



1248. Lucretia dewberry. (XJi) 



there are also hybrids between blackberries and dew- 

 berries, the group is one of great taxonomic difficulty. 

 The five species of dewberries are: (1) Rubus procumbens, 

 Muhl., found in dry open places from Maine westward 

 and southward. The species is characterized by woody, 

 stoutly armed stems, membranaceous leaves, villoua 

 beneath, flowers few to several in leafy racemes, and 

 short cyclindrical fruits with few to many large drupe- 

 lets. Var. roribaccus, Bailey, is a well-marked sub- 

 species from West Virginia of more vigor, with larger 

 flowers with elongated pedicels, and larger fruits; much 

 cultivated with the Lucretia as the best representative. 

 (Figs. 1248, 1249). (2) Rubus invisus, Bailey, is similar 

 but stouter, with canes less procumbent, leaves more 

 coarsely toothed, pedicels longer, and with the sepals 

 large and leaf-like. The species grows wild from New 

 York to Kansas and southwest and is the parent of 

 several cultivated dewberries of which Bartel (Fig. 

 1250, adapted from G.F. 4:19) is the type. (3) Rubus 

 Irivialis, Michx., the southern dewberry, is quite dis- 

 tinct from 1 and 2. This species is found 

 near the coast from Virginia to Florida and 

 westward to Texas. It is characterized by 

 slender- trailing stems armed with recurved 

 prickles, evergreen, smooth, leathery leaves, 

 corymbs 1-3-flowered, and cyclindrical fruits 

 with many drupelets. Of the few varieties 

 of this species cultivated, Manatee is prob- 

 ably the oldest and best known. (4) 

 Rubus rubrisetus, Rydb., found in 

 sandy soils in Missouri and Louisi- 

 ana, is similar to R. trivialis but with 

 stems, petioles, and pedicels rough 

 with reddish, purplish hairs; the flow- 

 ers are smaller but the corymbs are 

 3-9-^flowered. The species is locally 

 cultivated and gives some promise 

 for greater improvement. (5) Rubus 

 vitifolius, Cham. & Schlecht, is the 

 Pacific Coast dewberry characterized 

 by trailing, slender, pubescent canes 

 with weak, straight or recurved 

 1249. Lucretia dew- prickles, leaves various, flowers stami- 

 berry. (Nat. size), nate or pistillate on different plants, 



