1030 DISEASES AND INSECTS 



DISEASES AND INSECTS 



CATALOGUE OF DISEASES, continued. 



Bamboo. SMUT ( Ustilago shiriana). Internodes and tips of young 

 shoots attacked. Wild and cultivated bamboo attacked in 

 Japan. 



Control. Bordeaux mixture and sprinkling soil with lime 

 before the shoots appear. 



Banana. ROT (Bacillus musx). Leaf-blades droop, turn yellow; 

 petioles decay, letting leaves drop, and finally whole plant 

 rots to the ground. 



Control. Practise sanitation. 



Bean. ANTHKACNOSE, or POD-SPOT (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum). 

 Reddish brown, scab-like spots on stems, pods, and veins 

 of leaves, particularly on yellow-podded snap beans. Fungus 

 enters the beans. 



Control. Use seed only from pods without spots. Spray 

 plants, from beneath and above, every ten days. 

 BLIGHT (Bacterium phaseoli). Large papery spots on leaves 

 and watery spots on pods. 



Control. As for Anthracnose. 



Beet. HEART-ROT (Phoma betas). Leaves appear spotted late in 

 July, then wilt, and finally a dry heart-rot appears. 



Control. Destroy affected plants. Practise long rotations. 

 Treat seed with formalin, one pint in thirty gallons of water. 

 SCAB. The same disease as Potato Scab, which see. 

 Begonia. ROOT-ROT (Thielavia basicola,). See under Nicotiana. 

 Berberis. RUST (Puccinia graminis). Orange-colored rust spots 



on under side of leaf. 

 Betula. LEAF-SPOT (Glceosporium betularum). Round spots with 



blackish margin. 



HEART-ROT (Femes igniarius). See under Fagus. 

 Blackberry. CROWN-GALL, or ROOT-GALL (Bacterium tumefaciens). 

 Swellings, hard or soft, on roots and stem below ground. 



Treatment. Plow up and burn all bushes in a diseased 

 patch. Plant clean roots in a new place. 

 ANTHRACNOSE. See under Raspberry. 

 RED or ORANGE RUST. See under Raspberry. 

 LEAF-SPOT. See under Dewberry. Same disease. 

 Blueberry. RUST (Calyptospora goeppertiana). Stem attacked, 

 swollen, spongy, at first pink, changing to brown and blackish. 

 Plants taller than healthy and leaves dwarfed. 



Control. Segregate from species of fir and spruce. 

 Brassica. See under Cabbage. 



Brussels Sprouts. CLUB-ROOT. See under Cabbage. 

 Buxus. STEM-BLIGHT (Nectria rousseliana). Twigs killed, 

 reddish pustules appearing on stems and leaves. 

 Control. Remove all diseased parts and burn. 

 Cabbage. CLUB-ROOT, or CLUB-FOOT (Plasmodiophora brassicx). 

 A contorted swelling of roots and sickly wilted tops. 



Control. Destroy affected seedlings. Lime the soil at 

 least eighteen months before planting cabbage, using at the 

 rate of two tons of quicklime to the acre. 



BLACK-ROT (Bacillus campestre). Sap-tubes in leaves and stem 

 turn black and the leaves drop, thus preventing heading. 



Control. Practise crop-rotation. Soak the seed for fifteen 

 minutes in a solution of mercuric chloride, one tablet in a 

 pint of water. 



Cactus. SPOT (Diplodia opuntix). Sometimes a serious disease. 

 Calathea. LEAF-BLIGHT (Cephaleurus parasiticus). The epidermal 

 cells contain the alga, which spreads over the leaf, blackening 

 and killing it. 



Control. Remove diseased leaves. 



Calceolaria. LEAF-BLIGHT (Ascribed to a Micrococcus). Brownish 

 patches on lower leaves, many times bordered by the small 

 veins of the leaf. 



Control. Burn affected plants. 



Campanula. RUST (Coleosporium campanulas). Red and brown 

 rust spots on leaves. 



Control, Segregate from Pinus rigida. 

 Capsicum. ANTHRACNOSE. Same as on Piper, which see. 

 Carnation. RUST ( Uromyces caryophyllinus). Brown, powdery 

 pustules on stems and leaves. 



Control. Spray once in two weeks with a solution of 

 copper sulfate, one pound to twenty gallons of water. Pick 

 off diseased leaves. Keep temperature low. 

 Carpinus. BLACK-MOLD (Dimerosporium pulchrum). On leaves. 



Control. Spray with any good fungicide. 



HEART-ROT (Fames fulvus). Red-brown decay; crumbles when 

 crushed. 



Control. Surgery methods. 



Carrot. SOFT-ROT (Bacillus carotovorus). A soft-rotting of the 

 root identical with the soft rots of other root crops. 



Control. Good drainage of soil. Steam sterilization of soil. 

 LEAF-SPOT or EARLY LEAF-BLIGHT (Cercospora apii). See 



under Celery. 



Carya. See under Hickory-Nut. 

 Castanea. See under Chestnut. 

 Catalpa. LEAF-BLIGHT. Sudden blackening and dying of leaves 



in early summer. 



HEART- ROT (Polystictus versicolor). Heart -wood becomes 

 straw-colored and finally soft. 

 Control. Surgery. 



ROOT-ROT of seedlings (Thielavia basicola).'- See under Nicotiana. 

 Cauliflower. See under Cabbage. 



CATALOGUE OF DISEASES, continued. 



Celastrus. MILDEW (Phyllactinia corylea). Powdery mildew of 

 leaves. 



Control. Dust with sulfur. 



Celery. EARLY LEAF-BLIGHT (Cercospora apii). A spotting and 

 eventual blighting of leaves. 



Control. -pSpray with ammoniacal copper carbonate, 5-3-50, 

 beginning in seed-bed and keeping new growth covered 

 throughout the season. 



LATE BLIGHT (Septoria petroselini var. apii). Blight of foliage 

 appearing late in season and in storage. 



Control. As above. Grow under half shade. 



Celtis. MILDEW (Peronoplasmopara celtidis). Definite spots on 

 veins, water-soaked dark green becoming gray. 



Control. Spray with bordeaux mixture. 



Cercis. LEAF-SPOT (Ascochyta pisi). Spots round, yellowish with 

 brown margin on leaves and stem. 



Control. -Spray with dilute bordeaux mixture on first 

 appearance. 



Chamaecyparis. TWIG DISEASE (Pestalozzia funerea). Bark of 

 young branches killed, needles die. 



Control. Prune off affected parts and clean up litter and 

 burn. 



HEART-ROT (Steccherinum ballonii). Kills tops of trees. 

 Chard (Beta). LEAF-SPOT (Cercospora beticola). Brown, purplish 

 bordered spots on leaves. 



Control. Pick off and destroy diseased leaves. 

 Cherry. BROWN-ROT (Sclerotinia fructigena). The flowers decay, 

 the leaves become discolored with irregular brown spots, 

 and the fruit rots on the tree. 



Control. Spray with bordeaux mixture, 4-4-50, or lime- 

 sulfur, 1-40 (1) just before the blossom buds open; (2) just 

 after the blossoms fall; (3) one or two more applications at 

 intervals of ten days. 



POWDERY MILDEW (Podosphxra oxycanthx). Leaves and twigs 

 affected, often causing defoliation. 



Control. Spray with lime-sulfur, 1-40, or dust heavily 

 with powdered sulfur. 



BLACK-KNOT. See under Plum. Same disease. 

 Chestnut. CANKER, or BARK DISEASE (Endnthia parasitica). 

 Sunken or swollen cankers on limbs or trunk. Limbs die and 

 leaves and burs cling in winter. 



Control. Remove diseased parts and burn. Paint all 

 wounds. Little chance of saving trees in infested locality. 

 Chicory. STEM-SPOT (Pleospora albicans). Yellowish-gray spots 

 on lower portion of the stem. Later on smaller branches and 

 leaves. Plant destroyed. 



Control. Eradicate diseased plants. 



Chrysanthemum. LEAF-SPOT (Septoria chrysanthemi). Small dark 

 brown spots, which increase in size until leaf is killed. 



Control. Pick and burn affected leaves. Spray with bor- 

 deaux mixture, 4^4-50. 



RUST (Puccinia chrysanthemi). Reddish brown rust pustules 

 on leaves. 



Control. As for Leaf-Spot. 



Cineraria. MILDEW (Bremia lactucx). Plants stunted and of a 

 pale color, finally wilting. Same disease on lettuce. 



Control. Remove diseased plants. Do not use same soil 

 again. 



RUST. See under Senecio. 



Citrus. See under Orange, Lemon, Grapefruit, etc. The "wither 

 tip" disease described under Pomelo is common to species of 

 citrus. 

 Clematis. LEAF-SPOT (Cylindrosporium clematidis var. jackmanii). 



^Causing loss of lower leaves at times. Not serious. 

 Cocoanut. BUD-ROT (Bacillus coli). Rot of soft tissues of coco- 

 nut plant and is perhaps responsible for coconut bud-rot. 



Control. Not given. 



Coffea. LEAF-DISEASE (Hemileia vastatrix and H. woodii). 

 Circular discolored areas, turning pale yellow and becoming 

 studded with orange-yellow spots. 



Control. Burn all diseased leaves. 



Colchicum. RUST ( Uromyces colchici). Black spots on leaves. 

 Looks like a smut disease. 



Control. Diseased leaves should be burned. 



Colocasia. ROOT-ROT (Peronospora trichomata). Sap-tubes turn 

 yellow and finally entire tuber becomes black. 



Control. Dry tubers thoroughly before storing. Do not 

 plant in soil in which the disease has occurred. 



Convolvulus. MILDEW (Albugo ipomcex-panduranx). Distortions 

 and white or yellow blisters. 



Control. Remove diseased plants and spray with bordeaux 

 mixture frequently. 



Cordyline. BLIGHT. See under Orchids. 



Coreopsis. MILDEW (Sphxrotheca humuli var. fuliginea). Pow- 

 dery mildew of the leaves. 



Control. Dust with sulfur. 



Corn. SMUT ( Ustilago zex). Boils on stalks, ears or tassels, 

 at first white, then black, and, when burst open, containing 

 black powder, the spores. 



Control. Cut out developing smut-boils and burn. 

 WILT (Pseudomonas stewartii). Sap -tubes turn yellow and 

 plant wilts and drys up. 



Control. Burn affected plants. Grow varieties not affected. 



