DISEASES AND INSECTS 



DISEASES AND INSECTS 1049 



CATALOGUE OF INSECTS, continued. 

 Apricot. BARK BEETLE. See Peach. 

 BLACK SCALE See Citrus. 

 CANKEK-WOKMS. See Apple. 

 CLOVER MITE. See i'ench. 

 COTTONY CUSHION SCALE. See Citrus. 

 EUROPEAN FRUIT LECANIUM. See Plum. 



FROSTED SCALE (Eulecanium pruinosum). A large soft-bodied 

 scale, Yi inch in length, hemispherical in shape with a frost- 

 like covering of wax. 



Treatment. Kerosene or distillate emulsion while the trees 

 are dormant. 



PEACH TREE-BORERS. See Peach. 

 PEARTHRIPS. See Pear. 

 PLUM-CURCULIO. See Plum. 



Aquilegia. COLUMBINE BORER (Papaipema purpurifascia). The 

 full-grown caterpillar measures 1 Y% inches in length, salmon- 

 pink in color with three narrow stripes visible from above, the 

 two lateral ones broadly interrupted in the middle. It bores in 

 the stems near the base. 



Treatment Dig out and destroy caterpillars. 



Artichoke. STEM MAGGOT (Straussia longipennis). A small yel- 

 lowish maggot boring in the pith of the stems. The adult are 

 two-winged yellowish flies with banded wings. 



Treatment. Encourage growth; vigorous plants outlive 

 injury. 



Asparagus. COMMON ASPARAGUS-BEETLE (Crioceris asparagi). 



Beetle, less than-J^ inch in length, yellow, red, and shining 



black, with conspicuous ornamentation, feeding upon the 



tender shoots. Larva feeds upon the leaves and tender bark. 



Treatment. Freshly slaked lime dusted on before the dew 



has disappeared in the morning. Poultry. Cut down all 



plants in early spring to force the beetles to deposit their eggs 



upon the new shoots, which are then cut every few days before 



the eggs hatch; or leave a row or so around the field as a lure 



for the beetles where they may be killed with arsenicals. 



TWELVE-SPOTTED ASPARAGUS-BEETLE (Crioceris 12-punctata). 



Similar to the last, but with twelve spots on the wing-covers. 



Treatment. Similar to that used above, except that the 



grubs cannot be destroyed by lime, since they live within the 



berry. 



ASPARAGUS MINER (Agromyza simplex). A maggot mining 

 under the skin near the base of the plant. 



Treatment. Leave a few volunteer plants as a trap in which 

 the fly will deposit her eggs. Pull and burn these plants in 

 late June and early July. The flies may be killed before ovi- 

 positing with sweetened arsenate of lead. 

 Aspidistra. FLORIDA RED SCALE. See Citrus. 



Aster. BLISTER BEETLES. Large, black, grayish or striped beetles 

 that feed on the flowers. The larvae in general feed on grass- 

 hopper eggs. 



Treatment. Hand-picking. 



TARNISHED PLANT-BUG (Lygus pratensis). An active bronzy 

 brown sucking bug H inch long, mottled with various shades of 

 yellowish, that stunts the terminal buds by its feeding punc- 

 tures and also injures the flower-buds so that they either do 

 not open or produce imperfect flowers. Injured plants are 

 dwarfed and stunted. 



Treatment. No satisfactory control measures are known. 

 Plants grown in shade are less liable to injury. 

 ROOT-LOUSE (Aphis maidiradicis). Small bluish green plant- 

 lice infesting the roots, causing the plants to turn yellow and 

 sickly. 



Treatment. Mix tobacco dust into the soil around the 

 plants when transplanting. 

 WHITE GRUBS. See Corn. 

 Aucuba. THE YELLOW SCALE. See Citrus. 



Avocado. LEAF-ROLLER (Amorbia emigratetta). A yellowish green 

 caterpillar striped with pinkish brown, about 1 inch long when 

 mature, rolls the leaves and eats small holes in the fruit, ren- 

 dering it unfit for sale. 



Treatment. Arsenate of lead when the caterpillars appear. 

 MEALY-BUG (Dactylopius nipx). A small unarmored scale with 

 white mealy covering. 



Treatment. Kerosene emulsion, one part to ten parts water. 

 Bamboo. COTTONY BAMBOO SCALE (Antonina crawi). ;Small pur- 

 plish red scales l /i to \ inch in length, covered with a dense 

 cottony coating; often l /i inch in diameter. They collect in 

 large numbers in the crotches and leaf-axils. 



Treatment. Repeated applications of kerosene emulsion. 

 PLANT LOUSE (Myzocattis arundicolens). Small yellowish lice 

 which collect in large numbers on the under surface of the 

 leaves. 



Treatment. Contact sprays. 

 Banana. BANANA WEEVIL (Sphenophorus sordidus). A small 



grub boring in the stems. 

 FLORIDA RED SCALE. See Citrus. 



MEALY-BUG (Ceroputo yuccx). Soft scales closely resembling 

 the common mealy-bug (Pseudococcus). 



Treatment. Kerosene emulsion. 



Bean. BEAN LADY-BIRD (Epilachua corrupta). A light yellowish 

 brown lady-bird beetle, with four black spots on each wing- 

 cover, attacks and devours all parts of the bean plant. The 

 larva, which is yellow and covered with stout branched spines, 

 also feeds on the bean. 



Treatment. Arsenate of lead or kerosene emulsion. 



CATALOGUE OF INSECTS, continued. 



BEAN LEAF-BEETLE (Cerotoma trifurcata). A pale yellow beetle 

 ^i inch in length, with black markings on the wing-covers, 

 often eats round holes in the leaves. The larvse feed on the 

 roots and main stems of the plants. 



Treatment. Arsenate of lead as soon as the beetles appear. 

 BEAN-WEEVIL (Brtichus obtectus). Closely resembles the pea- 

 weevil, which see for description and remedies. Holding over 

 the seed will be of no value with this insect. 

 CORN-EAR WORM. See Corn. 

 CUTWORM. See Corn. 

 PEA APHIS. See Pea. 



SEED-CORN MAGGOT (Pegomya fusciceps). A maggot attacking 

 germinating seeds and roots of young plants. 



Treatment. Avoid stable manure; practise crop-rotation. 

 In the garden, use sand moistened with kerosene around the 

 plants to keep the flies from laying the eggs. 



Beet. BEET APHIS (Pemphigus betas}. A root-infesting plant- 

 louse locally abundant in certain western states. 



Treatment. Rotation of crops. 



BEET LEAF-HOPPER (Eutettix teneUa). A small, pale yellowish 

 green leaf-hopper punctures the leaves, causing- the disease, 

 curly top. Present in the western states. 



Treatment. No satisfactory treatment known. 

 BLISTER BEETLES. See Aster. 

 CUTWORMS. See Corn. 



FALSE CHINCH BUG (Nysius angustatus var. minutus). Small 

 grayish brown bugs, A inch in length. Destructive to sugar 

 beets grown for seed. 



Control. Contact insecticides; clean cultivation. 

 GRASSHOPPERS. See Corn. 

 LEAF-MINER. See Spinach. 



LARGER BEET LEAF-BEETLE (Monoxia puncticottis). A dull 

 brown beetle with striped wing-covers. Both larvse and adults 

 feed on the sugar beet, often in immense numbers. 



Treatment. Same as for Flea-Beetles. See Potato. 

 FLEA-BEETLE. See Potato. 



WESTERN BEET BEETLE (Monoxia consputa). A beetle closely 

 allied to the larger beet leaf-beetle, feeding on the leaves, 

 leaving only the veins. 



Treatment. Same as for Flea-Beetles. See Potato. 

 BEET ARMY WORM (Laphygma exiqua). A large caterpillar 

 about 1 1 / inches long when mature, olivaceous to greenish in 

 color, broadly striped with lighter green; defoliates the plants. 



Treatment. See Army Worm, Corn. 



BEET WEB-WORM (Loxostege sticticalis). Pale yellowish green 

 caterpillars striped with lighter green, about % inch long, 

 frequently defoliate the plants in certain regions. 



Treatment. Destroy all weeds. Spray with arsenate of 

 lead. 



Begonia. GREENHOUSE THRIPS. See Citrus. 

 GREENHOUSE WHITE-FLY. See Tomato. 

 MEALY-BUGS. See Citrus. 

 WHITE-FLY. See Citrus. 



Berberis. BARBERRY PLANT-LOUSE (Rhopalosiphium berberidis). 

 Small, greenish yellow lice attacking the leaves and young 

 growth. 



Treatment. Tobacco extract or kerosene emulsion. 

 Betula. BIRCH APHIS (Callipterus betulsecoleus). A small, yellow- 

 ish plant-louse occasionally abundant on the under side of 

 birch foliage (cut-leaf varieties). 



Treatment. "Black Leaf 40" tobacco extract three-fourths 

 of a pint to one hundred gallons of water. 



BIRCH _LEAF BUCCULATRIX (Bucculatrix canadensisella). Small, 

 whitish larvse skeletonizing the leaves. 



Treatment. Arsenate of lead, six pounds in one hundred 

 gallons water. 



BRONZE BIRCH BORER (Agrilus anxius). Slender, flattened yel- 

 lowish white grubs, % inch long when full-grown, burrow under 

 the bark on all parts of the tree. The top branch usually dies 

 first and is the first indication that the tree is infested. 



Treatment. Cut down and burn all infested trees imme- 

 diately to prevent spread to other trees. 



FROSTED SCALE. See Apricot. Occurs in California on birch. 

 OYSTER-SHELL SCALE. See Apple. 

 Bignonia. HEMISPHERICAL SCALE. See Citrus. 



MEALY-BUGS. See Citrus. 

 Billbergia. PINEAPPLE SCALE. See Pineapple. 

 Blackberry. See Bramble Fruits. 



Bramble Fruits. BLACKBERRY LEAF-MINER ^Metellus rubi). A 

 greenish white larva with brown markings, }-i inch in length 

 when full-grown, causing blotch mines in the leaves. 



Treatment. No satisfactory treatment known. 

 CANE-BORER (Oberea bimaculata). Beetle, black, small, and 

 slim; making two girdles about an inch apart near the tip 

 of the cane, in June, and laying an egg just above the lower 

 girdle; the larva, attaining the length of nearly an inch, bores 

 down the cane. Also in blackberry. 



Remedy. As soon as the tip of the cane wilts, cut it off 

 below the lower girdle and burn it. 



RASPBERRY BEETLE (Byturus unicolor). A light brown beetle 

 one-seventh inch long feeds on the opening leaves and blos- 

 soms. The small white grub feeds between the berry and 

 receptacle of red raspberries. 



RASPBERRY CANE MAGGOT (Phorbia rubitora). Small, white 

 maggot which burrows in the new canes and girdles the shoot. 

 The eggs are laid by a fly in April or May. 



