1050 DISEASES AND INSECTS 



DISEASES AND INSECTS 



CATALOGUE OF INSECTS, continued. 

 Treatment. Pull up or cut off canes several inches below the 

 girdle and burn them. 



RASPBERRY HORNTAIL ( Hartigia abdominalis). A whitish larva, 



about 1 inch in length when mature; when young it burrows 



under the bark, girdling the tip. It then tunnels out the pith. 



Treatment. Cut off infested canes when wilting is observed. 



RASPBERRY ROOT-BORER (Bembecia marginata). Larva about 



1 inch long, boring in the roots and the lower parts of the cane, 



remaining in the root over winter. 



Remedy. Dig out the borers. Destroy wild berry bushes. 

 RASPBERRY SAW-FLY (Monophadnus rubi). Larva about % 

 inch Tong, green, feeding upon the leaves. 



Remedies. Hellebore; arsenicals, after fruiting. 

 RED-NECKED CANE-BORER (Agrilus ruficollis), A yellowish 

 white flattened grub, M inch in length when mature, burrows 

 in the canes causing swellings or galls characterized by the 

 splitting of the bark. The parent beetle is y$ inch in length, 

 black, with thorax or "neck" reddish. 



Treatment. Cut out and burn all infested canes. 

 RED-SPIDER. See Peach. Do not use lime-sulfur on raspberry 



foliage. 



TREE -CRICKET (Ecanthus nigricornis) . Small and whitish 

 cricket-like insect, puncturing canes for 2 or 3 inches, and 

 depositing eggs in the punctures. 



Remedy. Burn all infested canes in winter or very early 

 spring. 



Brassica. See Cabbage. 

 Brussels Sprouts. See Cabbage. 

 Buxus. OLEANDER SCALE. See Hedera. 



Cabbage. CABBAGE APHIS (Aphis brassicx). These small, mealy 

 plant-lice are especially troublesome during cool, dry seasons, 

 when their natural enemies are less active. 



Treatment. Thorough spraying with "Black Leaf 40" 

 tobacco extract, three-fourths of a pint in one hundred gallons 

 water, adding four or five pounds of soap. 



CABBAGE-LOOPER (Antographa brassicx). ^A pale green looping 

 caterpillar, striped with lighter lines, over 1 inch in length 

 when mature. Especially destructive to late cauliflower. 



Treatment. Very difficult to poison. Some growers dust 

 the plants with pure paris green, using a blower. 

 CABBAGE MAGGOT (Pegomya brassicx). A small white maggot, 

 the larva of a small fly, eating into the crown and roots of 

 young cabbage, cauliflower, radish, and turnip plants. 



Treatment. Carbolic acid emulsion diluted with thirty 

 parts of water, applied the day following the transplanting 

 of the cabbage plants, and repeated once a week for several 

 applications. Remove a little earth from about the plants, 

 and spray on the emulsion forcibly. Better results may be 

 secured by using tightly fitting cards cut from tarred paper. 

 In seed-beds, protect the plants by surrounding the bed with 

 boards 1 foot wide placed on edge, across which a tight cover 

 of cheese cloth is stretched. 



CABBAGE-WORM or CABBAGE-BUTTERFLY (Pontia rapx). The 

 green caterpillars hatch from eggs laid by the common white 

 butterfly. There are several broods every season. 



Treatment. If plants are not heading, spray with kerosene 

 emulsion or with paris green to which the sticker has been 

 added. If heading, apply hellebore. 

 CUTWORMS. See Corn. 



DIAMOND-BACK MOTH (Plutetta maculipennis). A pale green, 

 active caterpillar, about Yz inch in length when mature, feeds 

 on the under sides of the leaves. Pupates in an open-work 

 silken cocoon on the leaves. Destructive to late cauliflower. 



Treatment. Same as for cabbage looper. 

 FLEA-BEETLES. See Potato. 



HARLEQUIN CABBAGE-BUG (Murgantia histrionica). Bug about 

 Yi inch long, gaudily colored with orange dots and stripes over 

 a blue-black ground, feeding upon cabbage; two to six broods. 

 Treatment. Hand-picking. Place blocks about the patch, 

 and the bugs will collect under them. In the fall make small 

 piles of the rubbish in the patch, and burn them at the approach 

 of winter. Practise clean culture. Destroy all cabbage stalks 

 and other cruciferous plants in fall. Early in the spring, plant 

 a trap crop of mustard, radish, rape, or kale. When the over- 

 wintering bugs congregate on these plants, destroy them with 

 pure kerosene or by hand. 

 Cactus. MEALY-BUGS. See Citrus. 



Cactus. Chelinidea mttigera. A yellowish bug resembling the 

 common squash stink bug (Anasa tristis), feeding on the joints 

 of opuntia, causing small circular discolored areas and destruc- 

 tion of the plants. 



Treatment. Destroy young with gasolene torch. In win- 

 ter, burn trash in which adults are hibernating. 

 COTTONY COCHINEAL INSECT (Dactylopius confusus). A scale 

 insect covered with large flocculent masses of pure white wax. 

 ConfroZ.-Usually kept in check by its predaceous enemies. 

 Melitara junctolinella. Large indigo-blue (young), or conspicu- 

 ously banded (last stage) larvae living within the joints of 

 opuntia, causing tumor-like swellings. 



Control. Burn injured joints with gasolene torch. 

 Mimorista flamdissimalis. Yeltowish caterpillars burrowing in 

 the young joints, thus destroying new growth. Their presence 

 is indicated by exuding sap. 



Treatment. Powdered arsenate of lead dusted on the young 

 growth early in the season. 



Narnia pallidicorins. Brownish yellow bugs about % inch in 

 length injuring the fruit. 



CATALOGUE OF INSECTS, continued. 



Control. Destroy the gregarious bugs with the gasolene 

 torch. 



Opuntia longicorns (Moneilema sp.). Shining, black, wingless 

 beetles M to 1 inch in length. The larvae burrow in the main 

 stems and older joints of the prickly pear. 



Control. Hand-picking the beetles; burning infested stems; 

 spraying with arsenate of lead. 



Carnation. CARNATION MITE (Pediculopsis graminum). A minute 

 mite found in the buds and instrumental in transmitting the 

 bud-rot disease. 



Treatment. Gather and burn all infested buds. 

 GREEN PLANT-LOUSE (Myzus persicse). Small greenish plant- 

 lice infesting the terminal branches. 



Treatment. Fumigation with hydrocyanic acid gas or 

 tobacco. 



Carrot. CARROT BEETLE (Ligyrus gibbosus). A reddish brown 

 beetle Yi inch or more long, which attacks the young plants. 

 The larva lives in the ground, where it feeds on humus. 



Preventive. Crop-rotation and other remedies for white 

 grub. See under Corn. 

 CARROT RUST FLY. See Celery. 

 PARSNIP LEAF-MINER. See Parsnip. 

 PARSNIP PLANT-LOUSE. See Parsnip. 

 PARSNIP WEB- WORM. See Parsnip. 

 Carya. See Hickory. 

 Castanea. See Chestnut. 



Catalpa. CATALPA-MIDGE (Cecidonyia catalpse). Small yellowish- 

 maggots, scarcely J-^ inch in length when mature, attacking 

 the seeds, terminal buds, ends of branches and leaves, deform- 

 ing them. 



Treatment. Plow in early fall or late spring to destroy 

 pupae in nurseries. 



CATALPA SPHINX (Sphinx catalpse). A sulfur-yellow caterpillar 

 with black head and a broad black stripe down the back, 

 about 2}/2 inches in length when mature, defoliates the trees. 

 Several broods a season. 



Treatment. Arsenate of lead when the caterpillars are small. 

 Hand-picking later. 



Cauliflower. See Cabbage. 

 Ceanothus. CITRUS MEALY-BUG. See Citrus. 

 MEALY-BUG. See Banana. 

 OYSTER-SHELL SCALE. See Apple. 



Celery. CARROT RUST-FLY (Psila rosse). Minute whitish yellow 

 maggots infesting the roots and stunting the plants. 



Preventive. Late sowing and rotation of crops. Celery or 

 carrots should not follow each other. 



CELERY CATERPILLAR (Papilio polyxenes). A large green cater- 

 pillar, ringed with black and spotted with yellow, which feeds 

 on the leaves. 



Treatment. Hand-picking as soon as observed. 

 CELERY LEAF-TYER (Phlyctsenia ferrugalis). A greenish cater- 

 pillar, feeding on the under side of the leaves. 



Treatment. Spray with arsenicals while the larvae are still 

 young. 



CELERY LOOPER (Antographa falcigera). A greenish looping 

 caterpillar with white stripes, about \Yz inches long when 

 mature; feeds on the tender leaves. 



Treatment. No satisfactory treatment known. 

 LITTLE NEGRO BUG (Corimelaena pulcaria). Glossy black bugs, 

 YB inch in length, that collect in clusters in the axils of the 

 leaflets and cause the plants to wilt. 



Treatment. Kerosene emulsion or tobacco extract. 

 PARSNIP PLANT-LOUSE. See Parsnip. 

 Chard. See Beet. 



Cherry. APHIS (Myzus cerasi). Blackish plant-lice infesting the 

 leaves and tips of new growth. 



Treatment. Spray as soon as the first lice appear with 

 whale-oil soap or tobacco extract. 

 CANKER WORM. See Apple. 



CHERRY FRUIT FLIES (Rhagoletis cingulata and R. fausta). 

 Small maggots infesting ripening fruit. Adults are flies with 

 banded wings and insert their eggs under the skin of the fruit. 

 Treatment. Spray with arsenate of lead, five pounds in 

 one hundred gallons sweetened with three gallons molasses to 

 kill flies before egg-laying. Should be done when flies first 

 appear, last of June in New York. 



CHERRY SCALE (Aspidiotus forbesi). Resembles the San JosS 

 scale. 



Treatment. Same as for San Jose Scale. See Apple. 

 PLUM-CURCULIO. See Plum. 

 ROSE-CHAFER. See Grape. 



SLUG (Eriocampoides limacina). Larva, Yz inch long, blackish 

 and slimy, feeding upon the leaves; two broods. 



Treatment. Arsenicals, hellebore, tobacco extract. 

 CHERRY THEE TORTRIX (Archips cerasivorana). Tips of branches 

 are frequently webbed into nests by colonies of lemon-yellow 

 caterpillars. 



Treatment. Wipe out nests and destroy the caterpillars. 

 PEACH TREE BORER. See Peach. 

 FRUIT THEE BARK BEETLE. See Peach. 



Chestnut. CHESTNUT WEEVILS (Balaninus proboscideus and B. 

 rectus). Brownish beetles with extremely long, slender 

 snouts with which they bore holes into the nuts for deposi- 

 tion of eggs. The grubs feed on the kernel, producing wormy 

 nuts. 



Treatment. No satisfactory control measures known. 



