1052 DISEASES AND INSECTS 



DISEASES AND INSECTS 



CATALOGUE OF INSECTS, continued. 



CORN EAR- WORM (Heliothis armiger). A green or brownish 

 striped caterpillar feeding on the corn beneath the husk. 

 Three to six generations yearly. 



Preventives. Plant as early as possible, and still avoid a 

 "set-back" to the crop. 



CORN-ROOT APHIS (Aphis maidiradicis). A bluish green aphis 

 infesting the roots. 



Preventives. A short rotation period in corn, especially in 

 dry years. Deep and thorough and repeated stirring of old 

 corn ground in fall and spring as a preparation for corn-plant- 

 ing. Maintenance and increase of the fertility of the soil. 

 CUTWORMS (Agrotis, Hadena, etc.). Soft-bodied caterpillars 

 eating and cutting off the young plants. 



Preventives. Early fall plowing of grass lands intended for 

 corn; pasturing by pigs of grass or clover land intended for 

 corn; distributing a line of poisoned bran by means of a seed- 

 drill. To prevent the caterpillars entering from a neighboring 

 grass field, destroy them with a line of poisoned vegetable 

 bait. 



GRASSHOPPERS (Acrididx). Poison them with the following 

 mixture: Bran, twenty pounds; paris green, one pound; 

 syrup, two quarts; oranges or lemons, three fruits; water, 

 three and one-half gallons. Mix the bran and paris green thor- 

 oughly in a wash-tub while dry. Squeeze the juice of oranges 

 or lemons into the water and add pulp and peel cut into small 

 pieces. Dissolve the syrup in the water and moisten the bran 

 mixture with it, mixing thoroughly. Sow broadcast in infested 

 areas early in the morning. 



NORTHERN CORN ROOT-WORM (Diabrotica longicornis). A 

 whitish grub % inch long, which burrows in the roots. 



Preventive. -Crop-rotation ; corn should not follow corn. 

 SOD WEB- WORMS (Crambus sp.). Gray or brownish caterpillars 

 about J^ inch long, living in silk-lined burrows in the soil at 

 base of plant. They thrive in grass land. 



Preventive. Early fall plowing of grass land intended for 

 corn, or else plow as late as possible the next spring. 

 WHITE GRUBS (Lachnosterna sp.). The large white curved 

 larvae of the common June beetle. 



Preventives. Rotation of crops; do not let corn follow sod, 

 but let a crop of clover or clover and oats intervene. To help 

 clear sod land of grubs, pasture to hogs any time between 

 April and October. To prevent laying of eggs in corn-field, 

 keep the ground free from weeds during May and June. 

 Thorough cultivation and heavy fertilization. 

 WIRE-WORMS (Elateridx). Hard, yellowish, or reddish, cylin- 

 drical larvae feeding on the roots. 



Preventives. Crop-rotation; let clover intervene between 

 sod and corn, planting the corn late the second or third year. 

 . Early fall plowing. 

 Cornus. OYSTER-SHELL SCALE. See Apple. 



SAN JOSE SCALE. See Apple. 



Corylus. HAZELNUT WEEVIL (Balaninus obtusus). Small whitish 

 grubs living in the kernels. The adult is a yellowish brown 

 beetle with a long, slender snout. 



Control. No efficient treatment known. 



Cosmos. ROOT APHIS (Aphis middletoni). Small bluish lice on 

 the roots. 



Treatment. Tobacco dust mixed in the soil. 

 Cotoneaster. PEAR LEAF-BLISTER MITE. See Pear. 

 Cranberry. CRANBERRY FULGORID (Phylloscelis atra). Small, 

 broad-bodied, black jumping insect punctures the vines, caus- 

 ing the leaves to turn brown and the fruit to shrivel. 



Treatment. "Black Leaf 40" tobacco extract, one pint to 

 one hundred gallons of water, adding four to five pounds soap 

 to kill young nymphs. 



CRANBERRY-GIRDLER (Crambus hortuellus). Small caterpillars, 

 feeding on the stems just beneath the surface of the sand. 



Preventive. Reflow just after picking, for a week or ten 

 days, or reflow for a day or two about June 10. 

 FALSE ARMY-WORM (Calocampa nupera). Green to blackish 

 caterpillars devouring the leaves and buds. 



Treatment. Reflow for from twenty-four to thirty-six 

 hours soon after the middle of May. It may be necessary 

 to reflow a second time. Destroy all caterpillars washed ashore 

 while the water is on. In dry bogs, spray early in May with 

 arsenate of lead. 



FIRE-WORM, CRANBERRY WORM, or BLACK-HEADED CRANBERRY 

 WORM (Eudemis vacciniana). Small larva, green, black- 

 headed, feeding upon the shoots and young leaves, drawing 

 them together by silken threads; two broods. 



Treatment. Flooding for two or three days when the worms 

 come down to pupate. Arsenicals. 



FRUIT-WORM (Mineola vaccinii). Small caterpillar working in 

 the fruits, eating out the insides. 



Preventives. For bogs with abundant water, reflow for ten 

 days immediately after picking. Let the foliage ripen, and then 

 turn on water for winter. Draw off water early in April, and 

 every third or fourth year hold it on until the middle of May. 

 For dry bogs spray three times with arsenate of lead during 

 July. Bury all screenings. 



YELLOW-HEADED CRANBERRY-WORM (Acleris minuta). Stout, 

 yellowish green, small caterpillar, with a yellow head, webbing 

 up the leaves as it works. 



Treatment. Hold the water late on the bog in spring to 

 prevent egg-laying. Arsenicals from the middle of May till 

 July 1. 



CATALOGUE OF INSECTS, continued. 

 Crataegus. PLANT-LICE. See Apple. 

 OYSTER-SHELL SCALE. See Apple. 

 RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR. See Apple. 

 SAN JOSE SCALE. See Apple. 

 SCURFY SCALE. See Apple. 

 WOOLLY APHIS. See Apple. 

 Cucumber. FLEA-BEETLES. See Potato. 

 MELON- WORM. See Muskmelon. 



PICKLE- WORM (Diaphania nitidalis). Larva, about an inch long, 

 yellowish white, tinged with green, boring into cucumbers; 

 two broods. 



Preventives. Clean farming, fall plowing, and rotation of 

 crops. 



Remedies. Kill the caterpillars before they enter the fruit 

 by spraying with arsenate of lead about the time the buds 

 begin to form, and repeat in two weeks. 

 RED-SPIDER. See Peach. 



SPOTTED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica 12-punctata). Beetle, 

 yellowish and black spotted, about J4 inch long, feeding upon 

 the leaves and fruit. Sometimes attacks fruit trees, and the 

 larva may injure roots of corn. 



Treatment. Same as for Striped Cucumber Beetle, which see. 

 STEM-BORER. See Squash. 



STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (Diabrotica vittata). Beetle, %. 



inch long, yellow with black stripes, feeding on leaves. Larva 



y% inch long and size of a pin, feeding on roots; two broods. 



Preventive. Cheap boxes covered with thin muslin or screens 



of mosquito netting, placed over young plants. 



Remedies. Arsenicals in flour; arsenate of lead; ashes, 

 lime, plaster, or fine road dust sprinkled on the plants every 

 two or three days when they are wet; air-slaked lime; plaster 

 and kerosene ; tobacco powder, applied liberally. Apply remedies 

 when dew is on, and see that it strikes the under side of the 

 leaves. 



WHITE-FLY. See Tomato. 

 Cucurbita. See Squash. 



Currant. BORER (Sesia tipuliformis). A whitish larva, boring in 

 the canes of currants, and sometimes of gooseberries. The 

 larva remains in the cane over winter. 



Treatment. In fall and early spring cut and burn all affected 

 canes. These canes may be distinguished by a lack of vigor 

 and by limberness. 



CURRANT APHIS (Myzus ribis). Small yellowish green lice 

 attacking the under side of the leaves, distorting the leaves 

 and causing them to turn red. 



Treatment. Contact insecticides when leaves first appear. 

 CURRANT MEASURING- or SPAN-WORM (Cymatophora ribearia). 

 Larva somewhat over an inch long, with stripes and dotted 

 with yellow or black, feeding upon the leaves. 



Treatment. Hellebore, applied stronger than for currant- 

 worm. Arsenicals; hand-picking. 



CURRANT-WORM, or CURRANT and GOOSEBERRY SAW-FLY 

 (Pteronus ribesii). Larva, about % inch long, yellowish 

 green, feeding on leaves of red and white varieties; two to 

 four broods. 



Treatment. Hellebore, applied early; arsenicals for the 

 early brood. Treatment should begin while the larvae are on 

 the lowermost leaves of the bushes. Before the leaves are fully 

 grown, the holes made by the worms may be seen. The second 

 brood is best destroyed by killing the first brood. 

 FOUR-STRIPED PLANT-BUG (Pcecilocapsus lineatus). A bright 

 yellow, black-striped bug about J^ inch long, puncturing the 

 young leaves and shoots of many plants. 



Treatment. Jarring into a dish of kerosene. Kerosene emul- 

 sion when the nymphs are young. Cut off the tips of the shoots 

 in early spring to destroy the eggs. 

 OYSTER-SHELL SCALE. See Apple. 

 SAN JOSE SCALE. See Apple. 

 Cycas. HEMISPHERICAL SCALE. See Citrus. 

 MEALY-BUG. See Citrus. 

 OLEANDER SCALE. See Htdera. 

 RED SCALE. See Citrus. 

 SOFT BROWN SCALE. See Citrus. 

 WHITE PEACH SCALE. See Peach. 

 Dahlia. GREENHOUSE THRIPS. See Citrus. 



TARNISHED PLANT-BUG. See Aster. 



Date. DATE PALM SCALE (Parlitoria blanchardii). Small elongate 

 gray or black scales with white edges. Male scales are white. 

 Treatment. Crop close, burn over trunks, after saturating 

 with gasolene and use blast torch. 



MARLATT SCALE (Phcenicococcus marlatti). A soft-bodied, oval, 

 wine-red insect, one twenty-fifth inch in length, partially 

 covered with white wax, found in large colonies at base of 

 leaves. 



Treatment. Carbolic acid emulsion poured in large quan- 

 tities at base of leaves. 

 OLEANDER SCALE. See Hedera. 

 RED SCALE. See Citrus. 

 RHINOCEROS BEETLE. See Coconut. 

 Dewberry. See Bramble Fruits. 

 Diospyros. WHITE FLY. See Citrus. 

 WHITE PEACH SCALE. See Peach. 



Dracaena. LONG-TAILED MEALY-BUG (Pseudococcus longispinus). 

 Similar to the common mealy-bug, but has two long white 

 anal appendages. 



Treatment. Same as for mealy-bug. 



