DISEASES AND INSECTS 



DISEASES AND INSECTS 1053 



CATALOGUE op INSECTS, continued. 

 Echinocactus. See Cactus. 

 Echinocereus. See Cactus. 

 Echinopsis. See Cactus. 

 Eggplant. See article on Eggplant. 

 Elm. See Ulmus. 



Eucalyptus. BLACK SCALE. See Citrus. 

 OLEANDER SCALE. See Hedera. 

 RED SCALE. See Citrus. 

 Eupatorium. BARNACLE SCALE. See Citrus. 



Evonymous. EVONYMOUS SCALE (Chionaspis evonymi). Dark 

 brown, convex scales, about one-twelfth inch in diameter with 

 yellow exuviae. Male scales pure white parallel sides and 

 strongly tricarinated. 



Treatment. Spray with kerosene emulsion every two weeks 

 during the hatching periods until the scale has disappeared. 

 RED SCALE. See Citrus. 

 Ferns. FLORIDA WAX SCALE. See Citrus. 

 GREENHOUSE THRIPS. See Citrus. 

 HEMISPHERICAL SCALE. See Citrus. 

 MEALY-BUGS. See Citrus. 

 OLEANDER SCALE. See Hedera. 



SOUTHERN FERN-CUTWORM (Cattopistria floridensis). Velvety 

 black or apple-green caterpillars, 1% inches in length when 

 mature, feeding on the fronds. 



Treatment. Try poisoned baits. 



Ficus. COTTONY CUSHION SCALE; GREENHOUSE THRIPS; MEALY- 

 BUG; PURPLE SCALE; RED SCALE; SOFT BROWN SCALE. See 

 Citrus. 



Fuchsia. GREENHOUSE THRIPS. See Citrus. 

 MEALY-BUGS. See Citrus. 

 RED-SPIDER. See Peach. 

 WHITE FLY. See Tomato. 

 Gardenia. CITRUS WHITE FLY. See Citrus. 



JAPANESE WAX SCALE (Ceroplastes ceriferus). White to creamy 

 waxy masses, M to % inch in diameter. 



Control. Youni scales may be killed with kerosene emulsion 

 before the waxy covering is formed. 

 ORTHEZIA. See Coleus. 



Genista. GENISTA CATERPILLAR (Mecyna reversalis). Pale yellow- 

 ish brown caterpillars marked with numerous black spots and 

 setae, feeding on the foliage. 



Treatment. Arsenicals. 

 Geranium. MEALY-BUGS. See Citrus. 

 RED-SPIDER. See Peach. 

 WHITE-FLY. See Tomato. 



Gooseberry. CURRANT- BORER; CURRANT MEASURING- or SPAN- 

 WORM; FOUR-STRIPED PLANT-BUG; GOOSEBERRY- or CURRANT- 

 WORM. See Currant. 



GOOSEBERRY FRUIT- WORM (Dakruma convolutella). Larva about 

 % inch long, greenish or yellowish, feeding in the berry, caus- 

 ing it to ripen prematurely. 



Treatment. Destroy affected berries. Clean cultivation. 

 Poultry. 



Grape. GRAPE-CURCULIO (Craponius insequalis). Larva small, 

 white, with a brownish head. Infests the grape in June and 

 July, causing a little black hole in the skin and a discoloration 

 of the berry immediately around it. The adult is a grayish 

 brown snout-beetle, about one-tenth inch long. 



Treatment. Spray with arsenate of lead while the beetles 

 are feeding on the leaves. The beetles may be jarred down on 

 sheets, as with the plum-curculio. Bag the clusters. 

 GRAPE ROOT-WORM (Fidia viticida). The small white grubs 

 feed upon the roots, often killing the vines in a few years. 

 The adults are small grayish brown beetles that eat peculiar 

 chain-like holes in the leaves during July and August. 



Trea<meft<.-^Cultivate thoroughly in June, especially close 

 around the vines to kill the pupae in the soil. At the first 

 appearance of the beetles, spray the plants with arsenate of 

 lead at the rate of eight or ten pounds in one hundred gallons 

 of water, to which should be added one gallon of molasses. 

 GRAPE-SLUG or SAW-FLY (Selandria vitis). Larva, about J^ 

 inch long, yellowish green with black points, feeding upon the 

 leaves; two broods. 



Remedies. Arsenicals; hellebore. 



GRAPEBERRY-WOHM (Polychrosis viteana). Larva, about Ji 

 inch long, feeding on the berry, often securing three or four 

 together by a web; two broods. 



Remedy. Spray with arsenate of lead before blossoms open. 

 Repeat after blooming and again in early July. Destroy 

 wormy berries in August. 

 GRASSHOPPERS. See Corn. 



GRAPE-\"INE FLEA-BEETLE (Graptodera chalybea). Beetle, of a 

 blue metallic color, about l /i inch long, feeding upon the buds 

 and tender shoots in early spring. 



Treatment. Arsenicals to kill the grubs on leaves during 

 May and June. The beetle can be caught by jarring on bright 

 days. 



GRAPE-VINE ROOT- BORER (Memythrus polistiformis). Larva 

 1 1 A. inches or less long, working in the roots. 



Preventive. Thorough cultivation during June and July. 



Treatment. Dig out the borers. 



GRAPE-VINE SPHINX (Ampelophaga myron). A large larva, 2 

 inches long when mature, green with yellow spots and stripes, 

 bearing a horn at the posterior extremity, feeding upon the 

 leaves, and nipping off the young clusters of grapes; two broods. 



CATALOGUE OF INSECTS, continued. 

 Treatment Hand-picking. Arsenicals early in the season. 

 Ihere are other large sphinx caterpillars which feed upon the 

 foliage of the vine and which are readily kept in check by hand- 

 picking and spraying. 



LEAF-HOPPER (Typhlocyba comes). These small yellowish leaf- 

 hoppers, erroneously called "thrips," suck the sap from the 

 under side of the leaves, causing them to turn brown and dry 



Treatment. Spray the under side of the leaves very thor- 

 oughly with one gallon "Black Leaf 40" in 1,000 gallons of 

 water about July 1, to kill the young leaf-hoppers. When 

 using tobacco extract, add about two pounds soap to each 

 nfty gallons to make it spread and stick better. Repeat the 

 application m a week or ten days. In houses, tobacco smoke, 

 pyrethrum poured upon coals held under the vines, syringing 

 with tobacco-water or soapsuds. 



PHYLLOXERA (Phylloxera rastatrix). A minute insect preying 

 upon the roots, and in one form causing galls upon the leaves. 

 Preventive. As a rule, this insect is not destructive to 

 American species of vines. Grafting upon resistant stocks is 

 the most reliable method of dealing with the insect yet known. 

 This precaution is taken to a large extent in European coun- 

 tries and in California, as the European vine is particularly 

 subject to attack. 



Remedies. There ia no reliable and widely practicable 

 remedy known. 



ROSE-CHAFER (Macrodactylus subspinosus). The ungainly, 

 long-legged grayish beetles occur in sandy regions, and often 

 swarm into vineyards and destroy the blossoms and foliage. 



Treatment. At the first appearance of the beetles, spray 

 with arsenate of lead at the rate of eight or ten pounds in one 

 hundred gallons of water, to which should be added one 

 gallon of molasses. 



TREE CRICKET. See Bramble Fruits. 

 Grapefruit. See Citrus. 

 Guava. BLACK SCALE. See Citrus. 



GUAVA MEALY-BUG (Pseudococcus nipae). Closely resembles the 

 ordinary mealy-bug. 



Treatment. -Csubolic acid emulsion. 

 HEMISPHERICAL SCALE. See Citrus. 

 MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT FLY. See Citrus. 

 Hedera. BLACK SCALE; FLORIDA RED SCALE; HEMISPHERICAL 



SCALE; MEALY-BUGS. See Citrus. 



OLEANDER APHIS (Aphis nerii). Deep yellowish plant-lice, 

 marked with black, cluster on the young shoots and buds. 



Treatment. Contact insecticides. 



OLEANDER SCALE (Aspidiotus hederse). Flat, circular, gray 

 scales, % inch in diameter. 



Treatment. Same as for San Jose Scale (apple), which see. 

 SOFT BROWN SCALE. See Citrus. 

 Helianthus. STEM MAGGOT. See Artichoke. 

 Heliotropium. RED-SPIDER. See Peach. 

 Hibiscus. MELON APHIS. See Muskmelon. 



Hickory. GALL APHIS (Phylloxera sp.). Yellowish green plant- 

 lice causing hollow galls on the leaves, petioles and small 

 twigs. 



Treatment. Spray with contact insecticides just as the buds 

 are opening. 



HICKORY BARK BEETLE (Eccoplogaster guadrispinosa). Small 

 brown beetle burrowing into twigs, buds and green nuts in 

 June and July. Early in August the females penetrate the 

 bark of living trees forming longitudinal burrows along the 

 sides of which eggs are deposited. The grubs burrow trans- 

 versely in the sap-wood, soon killing the trees. 



Treatment. -Cut and burn all infested trees before May of 

 each year. 



NUT WEEVIL. See Pecan. 

 Twio-GiRDLER. See Apple. 



Hollyhock. HOLLYHOCK BUG (Orthotylus delicatus). A small green 

 bug attacking the hollyhock with much damage. 



Treatment. Kerosene emulsion; tobacco extracts. 

 MELON APHIS. See Muskmelon. 

 Horse-Radish. CABBAGE-WORM. See Cabbage. 

 FLEA BEETLES. See Potato. 

 HARLEQUIN CABBAGE-BUG. See Cabbage. 

 Ipomcea. SOFT BROWN SCALE. See Citrus. 

 Iris. WHITE-FLY. See Citrus. 

 Jasminum. CITRUS WHITE-FLY. See Citrus. 



SOFT BROWN SCALE. See Citrus. 

 Juglans. See Hickory. 



Juniper. BAGWORM (Thyridopteryx ephemerae formis). Small cater- 

 pillars in curious bag-like shelters defoliating the trees in early 

 summer. 



Treatment. Arsenate of lead, two pounds to one hundred 

 gallons of water. 



JUNIPER SCALE (Diaspis carueli). Snow-white, circular scales 

 with yellow central exuviae. 



Treatment. Nothing known. 



JUNIPER WEB-WORM (Phalonia rutilana). Small flesh-colored 

 caterpillar that webs the leaves together. 



Treatment. Arsenicals. 

 Kale. See Cabbage. 

 Kohlrabi. See Cabbage. 

 Kumquat. See Cilru.. 



