1054 DISEASES AND INSECTS 



DISEASES AND INSECTS 



CATALOGUK OF INSECTS, continued. 

 Lantana. GREENHOUSE WHITE-FLY. See Tomato. 

 MEALY-BUGS. See Citrus. 

 OHTHEZIA. See Coleus. 



Larix. CASE-BEARER (Coleophora laricella). A small reddish 

 brown caterpillar mining the leaves when young. In Septem- 

 ber it constructs a case and feeds on the surrounding leaves 

 for a time, migrates to the branches and there hibernates. 



Treatment. Spray with lime-sulfur before the buds open to 

 destroy the hibernating caterpillars. 



LARCH SAW-FLY (Lygxonematus erichsonii). Grayish green 

 larva with black heads feeding on the foliage. 



Treatment. Spray with arsenicals. 

 Laurus. BLACK SCALE. See Citrus. 

 FROSTED SCALE. See Apricot. 

 SOFT BROWN SCALE, and THRIPS. See Citrus. 

 WHITE PEACH SCALE. -See Peach. 

 Lemon. See Citrus. 



Lespedeza. SMOKY CRANE-FLY (Tipula infuscata). Dirty yellow- 

 ish maggots, % inch long, feeding on the roots, often in great 

 abundance. 



Treatment. Short crop-rotation. 



Lettuce. APHIS, or GREEN-FLY (Macrosiphum lactucse). A plant- 

 louse on forced lettuce. 



Preventive. Tobacco-dust applied on the soil and plants 

 as soon as the aphis makes its appearance, or even before. 

 Renew every two or three weeks if necessary. Fumigating 

 with tobacco is the surest remedy. 



CABBAGE-LOOPER (Autographa brassise). Larva somewhat over 

 an inch long, pale green, with stripes of a lighter color, feeding 

 on leaves of many plants, as cabbage, celery, and endive. 



Remedies. Pyrethrum diluted with not more than three 

 times its bulk with flour; kerosene emulsion; hot water. 

 GREENHOUSE WHITE-FLY. See Tomato. 



ROOT-LOUSE (Rhizobius lactucse). Small dull-whitish lice, about 

 one-tenth inch in length, feeding on the roots. 



Treatment. Crop-rotation and tobacco dust placed in the 

 soil about the plants. 



Liriodendron. TULIP TREE SCALE (Toumeyella liriodendri). 

 Large, nearly hemispherical scales clustered in masses on the 

 under side of branches. 



Treatment. Scrape badly infested branches. Spray with 

 kerosene emulsion or soap solution. 



Lupine. LUPINE APHID (Macrosiphum albifrons). Large, green 

 lice covered with fine white powder, infesting the plants. 



Treatment. -Contact insecticides. 

 Lycopersicum. See Tomato. 

 Magnolia. BLACK SCALE; CITRUS WHITE FLY; GLOVERS' SCALE. 



See Citrus. 



MAGNOLIA SCALE (Neolecanium cornupanum). Large, convex 

 scales, pinkish in color, and covered with fine powdered wax. 

 Treatment. Kerosene emulsion or tobacco extract to kill 

 the young scales. 



Maclura. Treated under Toxylon. 

 Mangifera. CITRUS MEALY-BUG . See Citrus. 



FRUIT FLY (Anastrepha acidusa). Small yellowish maggots 

 infesting the ripening fruit. 



Treatment. Try sweetened arsenate of lead to kill the flies. 

 GREENHOUSE WHITE-FLY. See Citrus. 



MANGO WEEVIL (Cryptorhynchus mangiferse) . Brown weevils 

 about y inch long, the grubs living within the seeds. 



Treatment. Gather and destroy all fallen fruit. 

 Mimulus. Ceroputo yuccas. Closely resembles the common mealy- 

 bug. 



Treatment. As for mealy-bugs. 



Monstera. SCALE ( Hemichionaspis aspidistra). Brownish, oyster- 

 shell-shaped scales, attacking the foliage. 



Treatment. Wash the leaves with soapsuds and tobacco 

 extract. 



Mushroom. MAGGOTS (Sciara sp.). Small whitish or yellowish 

 white maggots with black heads. 



Treatment. Exclude flies from house or cellar with fine 

 screens. Sterilize manure by heating to 150 F. Fumigate 

 with tobacco. 



MUSHROOM MITE (Tyroglyphus lintneri). A minute mite pre- 

 venting growth of spawn by eating the mycelium. 



Control. In infested houses remove all compost and disin- 

 fect by drenching cellar with boiling water. Use sterilized 

 manure. 



SPRINGTAILS (Achoreutes sp.). Small black or brown jumping 

 insects which sometimes swarm in on the beds. 



Treatment. Fumigate with potassium cyanide, three to six 

 ounces to each 1,000 cubic foot of air-space. Sterilize all ma- 

 nure with heat before using. 



SOWBUGS (Armadillidium sp. and Porcettio sp.). Oval, grayish 

 or slate-colored creatures bearing seven pairs of legs; frequently 

 injure mushrooms. These are commonly known as sowbugs 

 and pillbugs. 



Treatment. Mix one quart of cornmeal with sufficient 

 brown sugar to sweeten, then add two tablespoonfuls of paris 

 green. Moisten with water and scatter in places frequented 

 by these sowbugs. 



Muskmelon. MELON APHIS (Aphis gossypii). Small, dark green, 

 sluggish lice found abundantly on melon vines, causing curl- 

 ing of the leaves and death of the plant. 



CATALOGUE OF INSECTS, continued. 

 Treatment. Fumigate with tobacco preparations under 

 cloth-covered frames placed over the plants. Cloth should be 

 treated with linseed oil before using, to make gas-proof. In 

 large fields, spray with "Black Leaf 40" tobacco extract, 

 three-fourths pint to one hundred gallons of water, adding 

 four pounds of soap. 



MELON CATERPILLAR (Diaphania hyalinata). Pale, greenish 

 yellow caterpillar about ^ inch in length when mature, feed- 

 ing on the foliage early in the season; later boring in the fruits. 



Treatment. Use arsenicals early in the season. 

 PICKLE- WORM. See Cucumber. 

 STEM-BORER. See Squash. 

 Narcissus. GREEN APHIS. Tobacco extract, soap solution or 



fumigation. 



NARCISSUS BULB FLY (Merodon eguestris). Grayish maggots, 

 Yi to % inch in length when mature, feeding in the bulb. The 

 adult is a large hairy fly. 



Control. Examine bulbs and discard infested ones, burning 

 them. If bulbs are placed in water for from two to eight 

 days the maggots will usually leave them. 

 Nasturtium. APHIS. A dark-colored plant-louse. 



Treatment. Spray the plants with tobacco extract or soap 

 solution. 



Nectarine. See Peach. 

 Nelumbo. PLANT-LICE. Use tobacco preparations for controlling 



these pests. 



Nepenthes. MEALY-BUGS. See Citrus. 

 Nerium. OLEANDER SCALE. See Hedera. 

 Oak. BROWN-TAIL MOTH. See Apple. 

 GIPSY MOTH. See Apple. 



PIT-MAKING OAK-SCALE (Asterolecanium variolosum). Circular 

 greenish yellow scales with a glassy appearance. Especially 

 destructive to golden oak. 



Treatment. Kerosene emulsion or soap solution. 

 TENT CATERPILLARS; TUSSOCK MOTH; TWIG-PRUNER. See 



Apple. 



Okra. MELON APHIS. See Muskmelon. 

 Olive. BLACK SCALE. See Citrus. 

 BLACK CITRUS LOUSE. See Citrus. 



Chrysomphalus rossi. Circular or oblong, reddish to dark 

 brown scale with a central black spot. 



Treatment. Same as for Red Scale. See Citrus. 

 OLEANDER SCALE. See Hedera. 

 PINEAPPLE SCALE. See Pineapple. 

 PURPLE SCALE; RED SCALE; THRIPS. See Citrus. 

 Onion. BLACK ONION FLY (Tritoxa flexa). Whitish maggots 

 attacking the bulbs of onions. 



Treatment. Same as for cabbage maggot. 



ONION MAGGOT (Phorbia cepetorum). Small maggot feeding on 

 the bulb and roots; several generations. 



Treatment. Use lime, tobacco dust or hellebore as repel- 

 lents to prevent oviposition. Some of the maggots may be 

 killed by applying carbolic acid emulsion or hellebore decoc- 

 tion to the soil about the plants. 

 CUTWORMS. See Corn. 



ONION THRIPS (Thrips tabaci). Minute, elongate, pale yellow 

 insects attack the leaves, causing them to wilt. 



Treatment. Tobacco sprays. Spray with paris green one 

 pound in one hundred gallons water sweetened with twenty 

 pounds brown sugar when thrips first appear. 

 Orange. See Citrus. 

 Orchids. HEMISPHERICAL SCALE. See Citrus. 



ORCHIDS ISOSOMA (Isosorna orchidearum). Small, white larvse 

 infesting the buds causing them to become unduly enlarged. 



Treatment. Cut off and destroy infested buds. 

 SCALE INSECTS. Several species. 



Treatment. Wash plants with nicotine solutions and 

 soapsuds. 



Papaver. PLANT-LOUSE (Aphis rumicis). Shining black plant- 

 louse that clusters on leaves and stems. 



Treatment. Contact insecticides. 



Parsnip. PARSLEY- WORM (Papilio asterias). Larva, 1J^ inches 

 long, light yellow or greenish yellow with lines and spots; feeds 

 upon leaves of parsley, celery, carrot, and related plants. 

 When the worm is disturbed it ejects from the anterior end 

 two yellow horns, with an offensive odor. 



Remedies. Hand-picking. Poultry are said to eat them 

 sometimes. Upon parsnips, arsenicals. 

 PARSNIP-LOUSE (Hyadaphis pastinacse). Greenish plant-lice. 



Treatment. Contact insecticides. 



PARSNIP WEB-WORM (Depressaria heracliana). Larva, about 

 Yi inch long, feeding in the flower-cluster and causing it to 

 become contorted. 



Treatment. Arsenicals, applied as s6on as the young worms 

 appear, and before the cluster becomes distorted. Burn the 

 distorted umbels. Destroy all wild carrots. 



PARSNIP LEAF-MINER (Acidia fratria). Small, whitish maggots 

 mining the leaves. 



Treatment. Hand-pick infested leaves. 

 Passiflora. MEALY-BUGS. See Citrus. 

 Pea. CUT-WORMS. See Corn. 



PEA-WEEVIL, or PEA-BUG (Bruchus pisi). A small brown-black 

 beetle, living in peas over winter. The beetle escapes in fall 

 and spring, and lays its eggs in young pea-pods, and the grubs 

 live in the growing peas. 



