1056 DISEASES AND INSECTS 



DISEASES AND INSECTS 



CATALOGUE OF INSECTS, continued. 

 Plum. CANKER-WORM. See Apple. 



CURCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar). Larva, a whitish grub, 

 feeding in the fruit. 



Remedies. Arsenate of lead, six pounds to one hundred 

 gallons of water; apply as soon as the calyx falls, and repeat 

 two or three times at intervals of about ten days. Jarring the 

 beetles on sheets very early in the morning, beginning when 

 trees are in flower, and continuing from four to six weeks, 

 is probably the most certain procedure. There are various 

 styles of sheets or receptacles for catching the insects as they 

 fall from the tree. Clean culture. 

 FLAT-HEADED BORER. See Apple. 

 PEAR-TWIG BEETLE. See Pear. 



PLUM-GOUGER (Coccotorus prunicida). A small larva, feeding 

 upon the kernel of the plum. The beetle bores a round hole in 

 the plum instead of making a crescent mark like the curculio. 



Remedy. Catch the beetles in a curculio-catcher. 

 SAN JOSE SCALE. See Apple. 



EUROPEAN FRUIT SCALE (Lecanium corni). A large circular 

 scale occurring on plum; occasionally very destructive. 



Remedy. Thorough spraying with kerosene emulsion, one 

 part to five of water, in the winter. More dilute emulsion or 

 tobacco extracts in midsummer, when the young insects are 

 on the leaves and young shoots. Miscible oils when trees 

 are dormant. 

 SLUG. See Cherry 

 TENT CATERPILLARS. See Apple. 

 TwiG-PRUNER. See Apple. 

 Poinsettia. MEALY-BUGS. See Citrus. 

 Pomegranate. BLACK SCALE; CITRUS THRIPS; FLORIDA WAX 



SCALE. See Citrus. 

 OLEANDER SCALE. See Hedera. 

 WHITE-FLY. See Citrus. 

 Pomelo. See Citrus. 

 Populus. BLACK SCALE. See Citrus. 



COTTONWOOD LEAF-BEETLE (Una scripta). A striped beetle 

 feeding on the leaves and shoots of poplars and willows. 



Remedy. Arsenicals. 

 OYSTER-SHELL SCALE. See Apple. 



POPLAR BORER (Cryptorhynchus lapathi). A whitish grub 

 burrowing in the wood. 



Treatment. In nurseries, spray thoroughly about the middle 

 of July with arsenate of lead to kill the parent beetles. 

 Potato. COLORADO POTATO-BEETLE (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). 

 Beetle and larva feed upon the leaves. 



Remedies. Arsenicals, either dry or in spray, about a third 

 stronger than for fruits. Hand-picking the beetle. 

 FLEA-BEETLE (Halticini). Small, dark-colored jumping beetles 

 that riddle the leaves with holes. 



Preventive. Bordeaux mixture as applied for potato blight 

 acts as a repellent. 



POTATO TUBER-WORM (Phthorimxa operculella). A small 

 caterpillar burrowing in the stems and tubers both in the 

 field and in storage. 



Preventives. Clean cultivation, sheep and hogs to destroy 

 the small potatoes left in the field after digging. Crop-rota- 

 tion over a considerable area. On digging, remove the potatoes 

 at once to an uninfested storeroom. Do not leave them on 

 the field over night. 



STALK-WEEVIL (Trichobaris trinotata). A grub boring in the 

 stalk of the potato near or just below the ground. Serious in 

 the West and in some places eastward. 



Remedy. Pull all infested vines as soon as they wilt, and 

 spread them in the sun where the insects will be killed. Burn 

 the vines as soon as the crop is harvested. Destroy all 

 solanaceous weeds. 

 WIRE-WORMS. See Corn. 

 Primula. WHITE-FLY. See Citrus., 



Privet or Prim. PRIVET WEB-WORM (Diaphania quadristigmalis). 

 Small larva feeding in webs on the young shoots of the privet, 

 appearing early in the season; two to four broods. 



Remedies. Trim the hedge as soon as the worms appear, 

 and burn the trimmings. Probably the arsenicals will prove 

 useful. 



Prune. See Plum. 

 Prunus. See Plum. 



Pseudotsuga. SEED CHALCIS (Megastigmus spermotrophus). 

 Small whitish grub devours the kernel of the seed, often 

 destroying the whole crop. 



No known remedy. 

 Pyrus. See Apple. 

 Quince. GREEN APHIS. See Apple. 



QUINCE CUHCULIO (Contrachelus cratxgi). This curculio is 

 somewhat larger than that infesting the plum, and differs in 

 its life-history. The grubs leave the fruits in the fall, and enter 

 the ground, where they hibernate and transform to adults the 

 next May, June or July, depending on the season. 



Treatment. When the adults appear, jar them from the 

 tree onto sheets or curculio - catchers and destroy them. To 

 determine when they appear, jar a few trees daily, beginning 

 the latter part of May. Arsenicals. Pick and burn all infested 

 fruits a month before harvest. . 

 ROUND-HEADED BORERS. See Apple. 

 SLUG. See Cherry. 



Radish. MAGGOT (Pegomya brassicx). Treated the same as the 

 Cabbage Maggot, which see. 



CATALOGUE OF INSECTS, continued. 

 Raspberry. See Bramble Fruits. 



Rhododendron. BORER (Sesia rhododendri). Whitish caterpillars 

 burrowing in the trunk and larger branches which are often 

 killed. 



Treatment. Dig out borers or cut out infested branches and 

 burn. 



LACE BUG (Leptobyrsa explanata). Small, lace-winged bugs on 

 the under side of the leaves, causing them to turn brown and 

 die. 



Treatment. Spray with soap solution. 



Rhubarb. RHUBARB-CURCULIO (Lixus concavus). A grub % inch 

 long, boring into the crown and roots. It also attacks wild 

 docks. 



Remedy. Burn all infested plants and keep down the 

 docks. Hand-picking. 

 Rhus. APPLE TREE-BORER. See Apple. 



JUMPING SUMAC-BEETLE (Blepharida rhois). Larva, l /t inch 

 long, dull greenish yellow, feeding on leaves; two broods. 



Remedy. Arsenicals. 

 Ribes. See Currant. 



Robinia. LEAF-MINER (Odontota dorsalis). A black and yellow- 

 ish white grub about J4 inch in length, mining the leaves, 

 causing blister-like spots. 



Treatment. Arsenate of lead the last of July to first of 

 August. 



LOCUST-BORER (Cyllene robinix). Large, brownish yellow grub 

 burrowing in the trunk, causing large ugly scars. The beetle 

 is black prettily marked with yellow stripes and bands. 



Remedy. None known. 



Rose. MEALY-BUG. Tobacco extracts; syringe the plants in the 

 morning, and two hours later syringe again with clean water. 

 ROSE APHIS (Macrosiphum rosx and Myzus rosarum). Greenish 

 plant-lice, attacking leaves and buds. 



Treatment. Tobacco extracts and soap solutions. 

 ROSE-CHAFER, ROSE-BEETLE, or "RosE-BuG." See Grape. 

 ROSE LEAF-HOPPER (Typhlocyba rosx). A very small hopper, 

 white, often mistaken for thrips, living on the leaves of roses. 

 Remedies. Whale-oil soap; kerosene; kerosene emulsion; 

 dry pyrethrum blown on bushes when leaves are wet; tobacco 

 extracts. 



ROSE MIDGE (Neocerata rhabdophaga). Small maggots, dis- 

 torting leaf and flower-buds. 



Treatment. No satisfactory treatment known. 

 ROSE SCALE (Aulacaspis rosx). Small, whitish circular scales. 

 Treatment. Soap solutions or tobacco extracts when young 

 are hatching. 



WHITE-FLY. See Tomato. 

 Rubus. See Bramble Fruits. 

 Salix. COTTONWOOD LEAF-BEETLE. See Populus. 

 OYSTER-SHELL SCALE. See Apple. 

 POPLAR-BORER. See Populus. 



WILLOW- WORM (Euvanessa antiopa). Larva nearly 2 inches 

 long, black, feeding upon leaves of willow, elm, and poplar- 

 two broods. 



Remedy. Arsenicals. 

 Salvia. ORTHEZIA. See Coleus. 



WHITE FLY. See Tomato. 

 Scilla. NARCISSUS BULB FLY. See Narcissus. 

 Smilax. CITRUS WHITE FLY. See Citrus. 

 Solanum. See Potato. 



Sorbus. SAN Jos SCALE; SCURFY SCALE. See Apple. 

 Spinach. FLEA-BEETLE. See Potato. 



LEAF-MINER (Pegomya vicina). Small maggot mining the leaves. 



Treatment. Clean cultivation to destroy its wild food plant 



(lamb's quarters). Destroy all infested leaves. By raising 



spinach as an early or late crop, much of the damage can be 



avoided. 



SPINACH APHIS (Myzus persicx). Same as green peach aphis. 

 Treatment. Spray at first appearance of lice with "Black 

 Leaf 40" tobacco extract, three-fourths pint to one hundred 

 gallons of water, adding four pounds of soap. 

 Squash. CUCUMBER BEETLES. See Cucumber. 

 MELON APHIS. See Muskmelon. 



SQUASH APHIS (Nectarophora cucurbitx). Large, light green 

 plant-louse attacking the leaves. 



Treatment. Same as for melon aphis. 

 SQUASH LADY-BIRD. See Cucumber. 



SQUASH STINK-BUG (Anasa tristis). Large, dark brown bug 

 hibernates as adult under rubbish. Female lays large brown 

 eggs in patches on the leaves. The young are greenish, feed in 

 colonies on under side of leaves, causing them to wilt and die. 

 Treatment. Trap adults in spring under boards laid on the 

 ground. Destroy eggs by hands. Ypung can be killed with 

 "Black Leaf 40" tobacco extract, one pint in one hundred 

 gallons of water, adding four to five pounds of soap. 

 STEM-BORER (Melittia satyriniformis). Soft, white, grub-like 

 larva which bores inside the stem and causes rot to develop, 

 killing the vine. 



Preventives. Plant early squashes as traps. As soon as the 

 early crop is gathered, burn the vines to destroy eggs and 

 larvae of the borer. Fall harrowing of infested fields will help 

 to expose the pupae to the elements. Cut out borers whenever 

 found. After the vines have grown to some length, cover some 

 of the joints with earth, so that a new ro9t-system will develop 

 to sustain the plant in case the main root is injured. 



