1090 



ECHINOCACTUS 



ECHINOCACTUS 



spines usually 7, compressed, straight or slightly 

 recurved, l /z~% in. long, lower ones shorter than the 

 others, all white excepting the two darker lowest 

 laterals; central spines 4, widely divergent, the upper- 

 most one flattened, straight and white, 1-1% in. long, 

 turned upward in the plane of the radials (completing 

 the circle of radials), the others a little shorter, quad- 

 rangular-compressed, dark brown or black, becoming 

 reddish and finally ashy, the 2 laterals straight, the 

 lowest one stouter and sharply hooked downward: 

 fl. greenish red. N. Ariz. Fig. 1371 is adapted from the 

 Pacific Railroad Report. 



BBB. Central spines 5 to 8. 



Q. cornigerus, DC. Globose or depressed-globose, 

 10-16 in. diam.: ribs about 21, very acute and wavy 

 (not tuberculately interrupted): radial spines 6-10, 

 white and comparatively slender, or wanting; centrals 

 red and very robust, angular-compressed, with long, 

 sharp, horny tips, the upper 3 erect-spreading, 1-1 ^ in. 

 long, the lower 2 weaker and declined, the central one 

 longer, more rigid and keeled, very broad (K~M m -) 

 and hooked downward: fls. purple, 1-1% m - long. Mex. 



10. polyancistrus, Engelna. & Bigel. Ovate or at 

 length subcylindric, becoming 4-10 in. high and 3-^4 in. 

 diam.: ribs 13-17, obtuse, tuberculately interrupted: 

 radial spines 20 or more, compressed and white, the 

 uppermost wanting, the 4 upper ones broader and longer 

 (1-2 in.) and dusky-tipped, the laterals shorter (^-1 

 in.), the lowest very short (/^in.) and subsetaceous; 

 central spines of several forms, the uppermost one 

 (rarely a second similar but smaller one above or beside 

 it) compressed-quadrangular, elongated (3-5 in.), white 

 with dusky tip, curved upward, the other 5-10 teretish 

 or subangled, bright purple-brown; upper ones long 

 (2-4 in.) and mostly straight, the others gradually 

 shortening (to about 1 in.) downward and sharply 

 hooked: fls. red or yellow, 2-2% in. long and wide. 

 Nev. and S. E. Calif. 



AA. Spines not hooked (Nos. 11-43). 

 B. Central spines none or indistinct. 



11. Monvfllii, Lem. Stout, globose and bright green: 

 ribs 13-17, tuberculate, broadest toward the base, undu- 

 late; tubercles somewhat hexagonal, strongly dilated 

 below: radial spines 9-12, the lower ones somewhat 

 longer, very stout, spreading, yellowish translucent, 

 reddish at base; central wanting: fls. varying from 

 white to yellow and red. Paraguay. 



12. Pfeifferi, Zucc. Oblong-globose, becoming 1-2 ft. 

 high and 1 ft. diam.: ribs 11-13, compressed and some- 

 what acute: spines 6, about equal, rigid, straight, 

 divergent or erect, pale transparent yellow with a 

 brownish base; very rarely a solitary central spine. 

 Mex. 



13. coptonogdnus, Lem., var. major, Salm-Dyck. 

 Depressed, from a large indurated naked napiform base, 

 2-4 in. across the top: ribs 10-15, acute from a broad 

 base, more or less transversely interrupted and sinuous: 

 spines 3, annulate, very stout and erect from deeply 

 sunken areoles, reddish when young, becoming ashy 

 gray; upper spine stoutest, erect and straight, or 

 slightly curved upward, flattened and keeled, and occa- 

 sionally twisted, 1^2-2% in. long; the 2 laterals erect- 

 divergent, straight or slightly curved, terete above 

 and somewhat quadrangular below, 1-1 % in. long; all 

 from an abruptly enlarged base: fls. said to be small 

 and white, with purplish median lines. Mex. 



14. multicostatus, Hildmann. Depressed-globose: 

 ribs very numerous, 90-120, compressed into thin plates 

 which run vertically or are twisted in every direction: 

 spines exceedingly variable, in some cases wanting 

 entirely, in others 3 or 4, short, rigid, and translucent 

 yellow; in others more numerous, larger, and often 

 flattish; in still other cases very long and flat, inter- 



lacing all over the plant; no centrals: fls. white, with 

 a broad purple stripe. Mex. 



15. capric6rnis, A. Dietr. Globose: ribs about 11, 

 broad, spotted all over with white dots: clusters of 

 spines distant, usually seen only near the apex; spines 

 5-10, long and flexuous; centrals not distinct: fls. 

 large, yellow. Mex. 



16. rinconensis, Poselg. Cylindrical, covered with 

 ivory-white spines which are tipped with crimson: 

 spines 3, with no centrals: fls. large, purple-crimson, 

 darker at base. N. Mex. 



17. phyllacanthus, Mart. From globose to cylindri- 

 cal, with depressed vertex, simple or proliferous, 2^- 

 3% in. broad: ribs 40-55 (sometimes as few as 30), 

 very much crowded and compressed, thin, acute, very 

 wavy, continuous or somewhat interrupted: radial 

 spines 5 (sometimes 6 or 7), straight and spreading, the 

 2 lowest ones white, rigid, %-%m. long, half as long as 

 the 2 darker, angled, larger laterals, the uppermost 

 spine thin and broad, channeled above, faintly annulate, 

 flexible, grayish pink, %-l in. long; central spines 

 none: fls. small, dirty white. Mex. 



BB. Central spine solitary (sometimes 2-4 in E. cris- 

 patus, E. helophorus, and E. setispinus, or want- 

 ing in E. lophothele). 



c. Sts. with less than 13 ribs. 



18. leucacanthus, Zucc. Somewhat clavate-cylindri- 

 cal, pale: ribs 8-10, thick, obtuse, strongly tuberculate, 

 the areoles with strong wool : radial spines 7 or 8, similar, 

 straight, finely pubescent, at first yellowish, at length 

 white; central spine solitary, more or less erect, rarely 

 wanting: fls. light yellow. Mex. 



19. ornatus, DC. (E. Mirbellii, Lem.). Subglobose: 

 ribs 8, broad, compressed, vertical, thickly covered with 

 close-set white woolly spots, making the whole plant 

 almost white: radial spines 7, straight, stout, yellowish 

 or becoming gray; central spine solitary. Mex. 



20. ingens, Zucc. (E. Visndga, Hook.). Very large 

 (sometimes as much as 10 ft. high and as much in cir- 

 cumference), globose or oblong, purplish toward the top: 

 ribs 8, obtuse, tuberculate: areoles large, distant, with 

 very copious yellowish wool: radial spines 8 or more; 

 central spine solitary; all the spines shaded yellow and 

 red or brownish, straight, rigid, and interwoven: fls. 

 bright yellow, about 3 in. broad. Mex. 



21. horizonthalonius, Lem. Glaucous, depressed- 

 globose or at length ovate or even cylindric with age, 

 2-8 in. high, 2%-4 in. diam.: ribs 8-10 (fewer in very 

 young specimens), often spirally arranged, the tuber- 

 cles scarcely distinct by inconspicuous transverse 

 grooves: spines 6-9, stout, compressed, reddish (at 

 length ashy), recurved or sometimes almost straight, 

 nearly equal, %-l% in. long (sometimes long and 

 slender and almost terete, sometimes short, stout and 

 broad) ; radials 5-8, upper ones weaker, lowest wanting; 

 a single stouter decurved central (sometimes wanting): 

 fls. pale rose-purple, 2^ in. long or more. New Mex. 

 and N. Mex. 



cc. Sts. with 13-27 ribs. 



22. electracanthus, Lem. Globose or thick cylindri- 

 cal, becoming 2 ft. high and 1 ft. diam.: ribs about 15: 

 radial spines about 8, equal, rigid, spreading, yellow- 

 ish, about 1 in. long; the central one solitary, red at 

 base: fls. clear yellow. Mex. 



23. Echidne, DC. (E. Vanderxyi, Lem.). Depressed- 

 globose, 5-7 in. diam., 3-4 in. high: ribs 13, acute: 

 radial spines 7, broad, rigid, spreading, yellowish, 1 in. 

 or more long; central spine solitary and scarcely longer 

 than the others: fls. bright yellow, 1 in. or more long. 

 Mex. 



24. texensis, Hopf. Mostly depressed (sometimes 

 globose), 8-12 in. diam., 4-6 in. high, simple: ribs 



