ECHINOPS 



ECHINOPSIS 



1097 



E. ruthenicus flowers in midsummer and for several 

 weeks thereafter. The silvery white stems and hand- 

 somely cut prickly foliage of globe thistles are interest- 

 ing features. They make excellent companions for the 

 blue-stemmed eryngiums. All these plants are attrac- 

 tive to bees, especially E. exaltatus, which has con- 

 siderable fame as a bee-plant. Globe thistles are some- 

 times used abroad for perpetual or dry bouquets. 



A. Lvs. not pubescent nor setulose above but sometimes 

 roughish above. 



Ritro, Linn. (E. Vitro, Hort.). Tall thistle-like 

 plant, with pinnate-lobed Ivs., which (like the sts.) are 

 tomentose beneath, the lobes lanceolate or linear and 

 cut, but not spiny: involucre scales setiform, the inner 

 ones much shorter: fls. blue, very variable. G.M. 

 46:69. R.H. 1890, p. 524. G. 31:611. Var. tenui- 

 ffilius, DC. (E. ruthenicus, Hort.), has the lower Ivs. 

 more narrowly cut, more or less spine-tipped. Gn. 

 45:174. Perennials of S. Eu., growing 2-3 ft. high. 

 They bloom all summer. Lvs. sometimes loosely webby 

 above. 



Tournefortii, Ledeb. (E. Tournefourtiana, Hort.). 

 Three to 4 ft., the sts. branched and velvety: Ivs. 

 rough above, white-hairy below, much divided into 

 5 linear segms., spiny: heads "silver-gray" (bluish), 

 the involucral bracts free, bristly. E. Medit. region. 

 Sept, B.M. 8217. R.H. 1906, p. 523. Suitable for 

 dry places. 



AA. Lvs. pubescent or setulose above. 



B. Plant perennial. 

 sphaerocephalus, Linn. Tall (5-7 

 ft.): Ivs. pinnatifid, viscose-pubes- 

 cent above, tomentose below, the 

 teeth of the broad lobes yellow- 

 spined: fls. white or bluish, the in- 

 volucral bracts subulate-acuminate, 

 free. S. Eu. B.R. 356 (as E. panic- 

 ulatus) . 



hfcmilis, Bieb. Three to 4 ft. : Ivs. 

 very hairy on both surfaces, webby 

 above, those of the st. essentially 

 entire, the radical Ivs. sinuate-lyrate, 

 almost unarmed; st.-lvs. with spiny 

 tips: heads large, blue, the involucral bracts all dis- 

 tinct and free. Sept. Asia. 



bannaticus, Rochel. Lvs. hairy-pubescent above, 

 tomentose beneath (as also the sts.), the lower ones 

 deeply pinnately parted, the upper pinnatifid, spiny: 

 fls. blue. Hungary. R.H. 1858, p. 519. 



BB. Plant biennial. 



exaltatus, Schrad. Tall, the st. nearly simple and 

 glandulose-pilose, the Ivs. pinnatifid, scarcely spiny: 

 fls. blue. Russia. B.M. 2457 (as E. strictus, Fisch.). 

 Distinguished by its simple, erect st. The garden E. 

 commutdtus may be the same as this. 



E. nivdlis, Hort., is a trade name that is unknown in botanical 

 literature. N TAYLOR . t 



ECHINOPSIS (Greek, hedgehog-like}. Cactacese. 

 SEA-URCHIN CACTUS. South American small condensed 

 cacti. 



Stems spherical to ellipsoidal or rarely columnar: 

 ribs prominent and usually sharp-angled: fls. usually 

 long trumpet-shaped; ovary and tube covered with 

 linear-lanceolate, cuspidate bracts which become 

 longer toward the outer end of the tube, where they 

 pass gradually into the outer petals, in their axils bear- 

 ing long, silky, wavy hairs and usually a few rather 

 rigid bristles. This is a well-marked genus of about 18 

 species, although by some authors combined with Cereus. 

 Cult, as for Echinocactus ; see also Succulents. 



Only a few species of Echinopsis are grown in this 

 country, although they are more easily grown and 



1377. Echinopsis gemmata. 



propagated than most of the United States species of 

 cacti. The genus is well adapted for use as window plants. 



A. Ribs of st. divided into more or less evident 



tubercles. 



Pentlandii, Salm-Dyck (Echinocactus Penttandii, 

 Hook.). St. simple, later branching, spherical or ellip- 

 soidal, reaching 6 in. diam. : ribs 12-15, divided between 

 the areoles into oblique compressed tubercles: radial 

 spines 9-12, spreading, straight or slightly curved, yel- 

 lowish brown, the upper the longest and strongest, 

 reaching ^-l^ in.; central solitary, or seldom in 

 pairs, porrect, curved, 1-1 K in., rarely 3 in. long: fls. 

 lateral, 2-2^ in. long, yellow, orange, pink to scarlet- 

 red: fr. spherical, green, %in. diam. Peru, Bolivia. 

 B.M. 4124 Probably not of this genus. 



AA. Ribs of sts. not divided. 



B. Fls. red or pink. 

 multiplex, Zucc. Sts. at 

 first rather clavate, later 

 globose to ellipsoidal, 

 abundantly branching, 6- 

 12 in. diam. and the same 

 in height, or rarely taller, 

 light green to yellowish: 

 ribs 12-14, straight, 

 scarcely undulate: radial 

 spines about 10, subulate, straight, 

 yellow to yellowish brown, with darker 

 tips, reaching %in. length, very un- 

 equal, horizontally spreading; cen- 

 trals mostly 4, of these the lowest 

 is the longest, reaching 1^ in., some- 

 what porrect at first, later curved and deflexed, 

 darker colored than the others : fls. rare, lateral, 

 11-15 in., rose-red. S.Brazil. B.M. 3789. Var. 

 cristata, Hort. Sts. flat and spreading in growth, 

 like an open fan or the fl.-stalk of the common 

 garden cockscomb: spines reduced to fine, stiff 

 bristles. This is merely a monstrosity of the 

 species. 



oxygdna, Zucc. Sts. at first simple, nearly 

 spherical or rarely clavate, becoming short 

 columnar, reaching \ 1 A ft. height and 1 ft. 

 diam., gray-green, darker above: ribs 13-15, 

 straight or wavy at the base: radial spines 5-45, hori- 

 zontally spreading, very unequal, reaching %\T\., subu- 

 late, obliquely upright; centrals 2-5, somewhat longer, 

 straight, porrect or deflexed, dark horn-colored, with 

 black tips: fls. commonly many together, lateral, 

 reaching 13 in. length, pink to carmine-red, the inner 

 petals lighter than the outer ones. S. Brazil. 



triumphans, Jacobi. This is a hybrid between E. 

 Eyriesii and E. oxygona, with pink double fls. 



BB. Fls. white. 



Eyriesii, Zucc. St. simple, commonly branching 

 later, at first somewhat depressed, later short to 

 rather tall columnar, reaching a height of 2 ft. and a 

 diam. of 4-6 in., dark green: ribs 11-18, straight, undu- 

 late, with sharp-angled margins: radial spines about 

 10, scarcely more than J^in. long, rigid, straight, 

 slender conical, pointed, dark brown to black; centrals 

 4-8, but very little different from the radials: fls. 

 lateral, 10-15 in. long, white: fr. small, ellipsoidal, 

 about 1 in. long. S. Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. 

 B.M. 3411. B.R. 1707 (as Echinocactus). 



gemmata, K. Sch. (E. turbindta, Zucc.). Fig. 1377. 

 St. simple or sometimes branching, at first low spherical 

 or short columnar, later more top-shaped, reaching 1 

 ft. height by 4-6 in. diam., dark green: ribs 13-14, 

 rarely more, straight or sometimes slightly spiral with 

 sharp or obtuse margins, which are but little or not at 

 all undulate; central spines appear first, about 3-6 in 

 number, very short, stiff, black; later the radials appear, 



