1106 



EL^AGNUS 



EL^IS 



Ivs. lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, light 

 green above, 2-3 in. long: fls. short-pedicelled, 1-3, 

 axillary, on the lower parts of the branches; perianth 

 campanulate, tube about as long as limb, yellow within, 

 fragrant; style at the base included by a tubular disk: 

 fr. oval, yellow, coated with silvery scales. June. S. 

 Eu. W. Asia to W. Himalayas. Var. orientalis, Dipp. 

 (E. orientalis, Linn. f. E. hortensis var. orientalis, 

 Schlecnt.). Often spineless: Ivs. often oblong or oval, 

 usually rounded at the base, clothed more with stellate 

 hairs beneath than with scales, usually glabrous above 

 at length: fr. rather large to 1 in. long. A.G. 21:405, 

 519, 613, 645. Var. spinosa, Schneid. (E. spinosa, 

 Linn.). Spiny: Ivs. linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, 

 narrowed at the base, scaly above and densely scaly 

 beneath: fr. smaller. L.B.C. 14:1339. B.R. 1156. 



2. parvifdlia, Royle (E. japdnica, Hort. E. umbel- 

 lata var. parvifblia, Servettaz). Shrub or small tree 

 to 20 ft., with erect sts. and spiny, spreading branches: 

 Ivs. elliptic-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, crisped at the 

 margin, usually with stellate hairs above, glabrous at 

 length, silvery beneath, 1^-3 in. long: fls. axillary, 

 usually crowded on short lateral branchlets, short- 

 pedicelled; perianth narrow, tube longer than limb, 

 whitish within, fragrant: fr. globose or nearly so, 

 densely silvery when young, pink when ripe, M m - 



1385. Elaeagnus multiflora. ( X Yd 



long. June; fr. in Aug. Himalayas, China, Japan. 

 B.R. 29:51. Mn. 5:145. Not quite hardy N. Some- 

 times cult, under the name of E. reflexa, which species, 

 however, is evergreen. Var. japonica macrophylla is 

 advertised but probably does not belong to this species. 



BB. Winter-buds and branchlets with reddish or yellowish 

 brown scales and sometimes silvery besides: Ivs. 

 silvery white beneath, often with few brown scales. 

 c. Fr. juicy, scarletoed or brownish red. 



3. umbellata, Thunbg. Spreading shrub, to 12 ft.,- 

 often spiny, with yellowish brown branchlets, often 

 partially silvery: Ivs. elliptic or oval to ovate-oblong, 

 above usually with silvery scales while young, some- 

 times glabrous, often crisped at the margin, lJ^-3 in. 

 long: fls. yellowish white, fragrant, 1-7 in the axils, 

 usually crowded on short lateral branchlets, tube much 

 longer than the limb, slender: fr. globose or oval, 

 scarlet, M-J^in. long, erect, on stalks J^-^in. long, 

 clothed with silvery scales, mixed with brown scales 

 while young. May, June; fr. in Sept., Oct. M.D.G. 

 1899:569. A.G. 12:206. R.H. 1901, p. 85. S.I.F. 2:54. 



4. multifldra, Thunbg. (E. longipes, Gray. E. 

 edulis, Sieb.). GUMI. Fig. 1385. Shrub, to 6 ft., with 

 reddish brown branchlets: lys. elliptic, ovate or obo- 

 vate-oblong, with stellate hairs above, usually glabrous 

 at length, mostly with scattered brown scales beneath, 

 1-2 K in. long: fls. usually solitary in the axils, some- 

 times 2 on the lower part of the branches or on short 

 branchlets, yellowish white, fragrant; tube as long as 

 the limb: fr. pendulous, oblong, %in. long, scarlet, on 



slender pedicels, much longer than the fr.; fr. with 

 brown scales when young, ripening in June or July, of 

 agreeable, slightly acid flavor. April, May. Japan, 

 China. B.M. 7341. L.I. 4. G.F. 1:499. G.C. 1873: 

 1014. G.M. 31:715. B.H. 33:217. F.E. 13:830. A.G. 

 1890:565. M.D.G. 1901:573. Gng. 1:275, 277. Var. 

 rotundifdlia, Servettaz (E. rotundifolia, Gagnaire). 

 Lvs. broadly oval, half-evergreen, glabrous above. 

 Var. ovata, Servettaz. Lvs. usually with stellate hairs 

 above while young, soon glabrous: fls. 1-3: fr. oval, 

 J^-J^in. long, nodding, with brown scales when young, 

 ripening July or Aug.; pedicels J^in. long or longer. 

 Japan. M.D.G. 1899 : 569 (as E. multiflora) . Var. crispa, 

 Servettaz. Similar to the preceding var., usually spiny: 

 Ivs. oblong-lanceolate: pedicels as long as fr. 



cc. Fr. rather dry, silvery white. 



5. argentea, Pursh. SILVERBERRY. Erect shrub, to 12 

 ft., spineless, stoloniferous, with reddish brown branch- 

 lets : Ivs. ovate or oblong-lanceolate, silvery on both sides, 

 often with scattered brown scales beneath, 1-3 in. long: 

 fls. 1-3, axillary, yellow within, fragrant: fr. oval or 

 roundish oval, densely clothed with silvery scales, short- 

 pedicelled, M-^jin. long. May, June. Canada, south 

 to Que., Minn., Utah. B.B. (ed. 2) 2:576. B.M. 8369. 



AA. Lvs. evergreen: usually flowering in fall. 



6. macrophylla, Thunbg. Spineless shrub, to 6 ft., 

 with silvery white branchlets: Ivs. broad-ovate or 

 broad-elliptic, on stout and rather long petioles, scaly 

 above, usually glabrous at length, silvery white beneath : 

 fls. axillary, with silvery and brownish scales outside; 

 tube campanulate, abruptly narrowed at the base, as 

 long as limb. Japan. B.M. 7638. G.C. III. 25:90. 



7. pungens, Thunbg. Spreading shrub, to 6 ft., mostly 

 spiny, with brown branchlets: Ivs. oval or oblong, undu- 

 late and often crenulate at the margin, at length gla- 

 brous above, silvery beneath, more or less interspersed 

 with brown scales, 2-4 in. long: fls. in axillary clusters; 

 tube cylindrical, slightly narrowed at the base, longer 

 than the limb: fr. short-stalked, about %in. long, 

 with silvery and brown scales. Japan. Var. Frederici 

 variegata, Servettaz. Lvs. with yellow center and green 

 margin. Var. maculata, Hort. (var. aureo-maculdta, 

 Hort.). With a large yellow blotch in the middle. A. 

 G. 13:122. A.F. 23:1015. Var. Simoni, Rehd. (E. 

 Simoni, Carr.). Lvs. rather large, oblong-elliptic, with 

 few brown scales beneath or nearly without. Var. 

 Simoni tricolor, Hort. Lvs. like the former, but 

 variegated with yellowish and pinkish white. Var. 

 reflexa, Rehd. (E. reflexa, Morr. & Decne.). Branches 

 elongated and flexile: Ivs. ovate-lanceolate, acute or 

 acuminate, lustrous above, only scaly while young, 

 ferrugineous below. H.U. 4:328. Var. variegata, Rehd. 

 (var. aurea, Servettaz., var. aureo-variegata, Hort.). Lvs. 

 margined yellowish white. G.M. 54:327. 



E. ferruginea, A. Rich. Spineless evergreen shrub, with spread- 

 ing brown branches: Ivs. with yellowish and brown scales beneath: 

 perianth with quadrangular, abruptly contracted tube: fr. long- 

 stalked. Japan. E. gldbra, Thunbg. Spineless evergreen shrub, 

 with brown branches: Ivs. shining above, with yellow and brown 

 scales beneath: perianth with slender, tubular tube, gradually 

 narrowed toward the base, twice as long as the limb: fr. short- 

 stalked. Japan. S.I.F. 2: 54. ALFRED REHDER. 



\ 



EL.IEIS (Greek, olive). Palmacese, tribe Cocoinex. 

 Tropical spineless palms with pinnate foliage, of which 

 the best known is the oil palm of western Africa, whose 

 red fruits, borne in large clusters, yield the palm oil of 

 commerce, which is used in making candles and soap. 



Leaves terminal, numerous, large and pinnately 

 divided, the segms. sword-shaped, the margins in some 

 species spiny: spadix short and thick. Young plants 

 are grown for ornament in S. Calif., and in the N., but 

 it is not hardy outdoors in U. S., according to Fran- 

 ceschi. The other 6 species are from Trop. S. Amer. 

 The genus is separated from Cocos by the 1-3-seeded 

 frs., with 3 pores above the middle. 



